Incidence Of Disease Research Articles

Bone Pain and Survival Among Patients With Metastatic, Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the SWOG-1216 Trial.

The presence of bone pain is significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there are few data regarding bone pain and survival outcomes in the context of metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (MHSPC). To compare survival outcomes among patients with MHSPC by presence or absence of baseline bone pain at diagnosis. This post hoc secondary analysis, conducted from September 1 to December 31, 2023, used patient-level data from SWOG-1216, a phase 3, prospective randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients with newly diagnosed MHSPC from 248 academic and community centers across the US from March 1, 2013, to July 15, 2017. All patients in the intention-to-treat population who had available bone pain status were eligible and included in this secondary analysis. In the SWOG-1216 trial, patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with orteronel, 300 mg orally twice daily (experimental group), or ADT with bicalutamide, 50 mg orally daily (control group), until disease progression, unacceptable toxic effects, or patient withdrawal. Overall survival was the primary end point; progression-free survival (PFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response were secondary end points. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for both univariable and multivariable analyses adjusting for age, treatment type, Gleason score, disease volume, Zubrod performance status, and PSA level. Of the 1279 male study participants, 301 (23.5%) had baseline bone pain at MHSPC diagnosis and 896 (70.1%) did not. Bone pain status was unavailable in 82 patients (6.4%). The median age of the 1197 patients eligible and included in this secondary analysis was 67.6 years (IQR, 61.8-73.6 years). Compared with patients who did not experience bone pain, those with baseline bone pain were younger (median age, 66.0 [IQR, 60.1-73.4] years vs 68.2 [IQR, 62.4-73.7] years; P = .02) and had a higher incidence of high-volume disease (212 [70.4%] vs 373 [41.6%]; P < .001). After adjustment, bone pain was associated with shorter PFS and OS. At a median follow-up of 4.0 years (IQR, 2.5-5.4 years), patients with bone pain had median PFS of 1.3 years (95% CI, 1.1-1.7 years) vs 3.7 years (95% CI, 3.3-4.2 years) in patients without initial bone pain (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74; P < .001) and OS of 3.9 years (95% CI, 3.3-4.8 years) vs not reached (NR) (95% CI, 6.6 years to NR) in patients without initial bone pain (AHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.34-2.05; P < .001). In this post hoc secondary analysis of the SWOG-1216 randomized clinical trial, patients with baseline bone pain at MHSPC diagnosis had worse survival outcomes than those without bone pain. These data suggest prioritizing these patients for enrollment in clinical trials, may aid patient counseling, and indicate that the inclusion of bone pain in prognostic models of MHSPC may be warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01809691.

Dengue dynamics in Nepal: A Caputo fractional model with optimal control strategies

An infectious disease called dengue is a significant health concern nowadays. The dengue outbreak occurred with a single serotype all over Nepal in 2023. In the tropical and subtropical regions, dengue fever is a leading cause of sickness and death. Currently, there is no specified treatment for dengue fever. Avoiding mosquito bites is strongly advised to reduce the likelihood of controlling this disease. In underdeveloped countries like Nepal, the implementation of appropriate control measures is the most important factor in preventing and controlling the spread of dengue illness. The Caputo fractional dengue model with optimum control variables, including mosquito repellent and insecticide use, investigates the impact of alternative control strategies to minimize dengue prevalence. Using the fixed point theorem, the existence and uniqueness of a solution will be demonstrated for the problem. Ulam-Hyers stability, disease-free equilibrium point stability, and basic reproduction number are studied for the proposed model. The model is simulated using a two-step Lagrange interpolation technique, and the least squares method is used to estimate parameter values using real monthly infected data. We then analyze the sensitivity analysis to determine influencing parameters and the control measure effects on the basic reproduction number. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle is used to determine the optimal control variable in the dengue model for control strategies. The present study suggests that the deployment of control measures is extremely successful in lowering infectious disease incidences. Which facilitates the decision-makers to practice rigorous evaluation of such an epidemiological scenario while implementing appropriate control measures to prevent dengue disease transmission in Nepal.

Advancing crop disease early warning in South Asia by complementing expert surveys with internet media scraping

AbstractWheat contributes one‐fifth of the global food supply with an estimated 29% of global production in low and lower‐middle income countries. As production expands across southern Asia, yields are often negatively impacted by outbreaks of fungal rust diseases. A wheat rust early warning and advisory system comprising surveillance, near real‐time disease risk forecasts and advisory dissemination has been established in two target countries in South Asia, including Nepal and Bangladesh. However, as wheat rust spores can be aerially transmitted over long distances, near real‐time estimates of disease incidence are required from sources of infection in neighbouring regions. To address this challenge, we developed and tested a novel algorithm to generate proxy observations of infection sources using online media reports in two neighbouring countries, India and Pakistan. Media sampling could provide an effective alternative where data from ground surveys are not readily available in near real‐time. Our results show that west Nepal was exposed to a substantial inoculum pressure from aerially dispersed stripe rust spores originating from India and Pakistan. There were no outbreaks of stripe rust disease in Bangladesh with only very low levels of cross‐border dispersion and generally unfavourable environmental conditions for infection. We further describe how proxy observations informed farmer decision‐making in near real‐time in Nepal and filled a knowledge gap in identifying early sources of infection for a major outbreak of stripe rust during 2020 in Nepal. Our results highlight the importance of international cooperation in mitigating transboundary plant pathogens.

Strategies for isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-positive patients who consume alcohol.

<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>WHO guidance to defer isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among those with regular alcohol use because of hepatotoxicity concerns may exclude many people living with HIV (PLWH) at high TB risk in these settings.</sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title>To evaluate hepatotoxicity during TB preventive therapy (TPT) in PLWH who report alcohol use in Uganda over 10 years.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We developed a Markov model of latent TB infection, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT - a type of TPT), and TB disease using data from the Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) study. We modeled several treatment scenarios, including no IPT, IPT with liver enzyme monitoring (AST/ALT) during treatment, and IPT with pre-screening using the tuberculin skin test (TST).</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>The no IPT scenario had 230 TB deaths/100,000 population over 10 years, which is more than that seen in any IPT scenario. IPT, even with no monitoring, was preferred over no IPT when population TB disease incidence was >50 in 100,000.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title>For PLWH who report alcohol use in high TB burden settings, IPT should be offered, ideally with regular AST/ALT monitoring. However, even if regular monitoring is not possible, IPT is still preferable to no IPT in almost every modeled scenario.</sec>.

Childhood and adolescent residential and farm pesticide exposures and inflammatory bowel disease incidence in a U.S. cohort of women

Background and aimsThere are few known risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Use of specific pesticides has been associated with higher incidence of IBD among pesticide applicators and their spouses, but no study has examined pesticide exposure in early life, a period where the human immune system undergoes rapid changes. We evaluated pesticide use during childhood and adolescence and incidence of IBD among US women enrolled in the Sister Study. MethodsIncident IBD diagnoses between enrollment (2003–2009) and 2021 were identified and validated with medication use and colectomy/colostomy surgery. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the relationship of childhood/adolescent residential and farm pesticide exposures with IBD incidence using Cox models, accounting for age, race and ethnicity, education, smoking, and birth year. ResultsWe identified 277 incident IBD cases among 48,382 eligible participants. IBD hazard was elevated among those whose childhood residence was regularly treated with pesticides, especially among those who ever personally applied pesticides (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 0.65, 2.99). We observed a positive association between IBD and exposure to broadcast pesticide sprays before DDT was banned (>6 times vs. never HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.31). Among participants who lived on a farm during childhood/adolescence for ≥1 year (N = 9162), IBD hazards were higher among those who were in crop fields during pesticide application (HR = 2.06, 95%CI: 0.94, 4.51) and who ever personally applied pesticides on crops (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 0.81, 4.18) or livestock (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.14, 5.83). ConclusionEarly-life pesticide exposure may be a novel risk factor for IBD. Practices that reduce pesticide exposure during early life may help reduce the burden of this disease.

Aplikasi Streptomyces sp. ASR 67 dan Pupuk Organik Cair dalam Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium oxysporum dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas Granola

Demand for the Granola variety of potatoes continues to increase, but its productivity is not yet sufficient for market needs. This is due to the wilt disease attack on potatoes caused by the fungus Fusarium sp., thereby reducing potato productivity. The aim of this research was to determine the use of liquid culture of Streptomyces sp. ASR 67 and liquid organic fertilizer as an organic anti-fungal in controlling wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). The research was carried out using a Randomized Group Design (RAK) method using five treatments. Each treatment was repeated five times and each repetition used one potato plant. Treatment was given by watering the potato growing medium for 30 days, which was done every three days. The results showed that administration of liquid culture of Streptomyces sp. ASR 67 10% combined with liquid organic fertilizer (1:9) was able to increase plant growth with the parameters of height, number of leaves, number of stems, weight of tubers significantly, while POC 2% and Streptomyces sp. ASR67 (1:1) is able to reduce the incidence of wilt disease best.

Design of A Cataract Detection System based on The Convolutional Neural Network

Cataract, a condition characterized by clouding of the eye's lens, leads to decreased vision and potentially blindness. In Indonesia, it is the predominant cause of blindness, accounting for 81.2% of cases. Given the rising life expectancy, the incidence of degenerative diseases like cataracts is expected to increase. This research aims to develop a cataract detection system capable of classifying eye images as either indicative of cataracts or normal. Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and RGB-based image processing—including edge detection techniques such as Canny and Prewitt—the system identifies eye contours. This facilitates image segmentation to ascertain the eye's condition. Therefore, image collection and processing models play a crucial role in this study. The research findings indicate that the system functions effectively, with a 98% success rate in accurately processing normal eye images through the CNN model without detecting cataracts. When tested using grayscale imaging, cataract-afflicted eyes—characterized by red spots in the images—were also successfully identified by the CNN model. These test results demonstrate that the designed cataract detection system can accurately classify images into normal or cataract-afflicted eyes with high precision. This system shows promise for use in early cataract detection, potentially helping to reduce the prevalence of cataract-related blindness in Indonesia.

Stepping Stones In Prevention of Kidney Stone Disease In Pakistan

The prevalence and incidence of kidney stone disease (KSD) has increased in Pakistan since last 5 decades, it is not only the cause of pain, hematuria and fever but is also an important cause of chronic kidney disease, Morbidity and mortality as well if left untreated. It is recurrent disease and can be manifestation of systemic diseases, (D.M, obesity, HTN) genetic and environmental factors play a role in etiology of disease. In spite of modern methods of surgical removal available in Pakistan there is constant increase in number of patients. Economic burden of disease is quite significant, so established metaphylaxsis program is essential part of management of this surgical and medical disease. Main therapies based on history, stone analysis, 24 hour urine metabolic study constitutes the basis of prevention. Increasing fluid intake dietary modification, Pharmacotherapy is the main stay of metaphylaxsis. Compliance of the patient and establishment of specialized stone clinics should be managed jointly by urologist, nephrologist, dietitians, metabolic laboratory expert and Medical Social officers. Prevention is possible in many cases if these patients are managed jointly by multidisciplinary team.

Biocontrol of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Pepper Plants Using Bacillus subtilis GJ6-14

Southern blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is a serious disease that affects many economically important crops. In this study, we selected Bacillus subtilis GJ6-14, from a total of 260 strains, to control Southern blight in pepper plants. In both seedling and plant tests, GJ6-14 significantly suppressed disease incidence and severity compared to control, furthermore, GJ6-14 demonstrated efficient colonization in the rhizosphere by maintaining the population from log 5.41 to log 3.92 in the pathogen-inoculated plants, indicating its potential as a biocontrol agent. Molecular analysis revealed up-regulation of defense-related genes, such as a 7.6-fold increase in LOX1 and 15.5-fold increase in PR1, at 72 hr after inoculation of S. rolfsii in GJ6-14-treated plants, suggesting activation of plant defense mechanisms. Overall, our findings highlight the promising role of B. subtilis GJ6-14 as a potential biocontrol agent in sustainable management of Southern blight in pepper plants.

Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Drug-Induced Lung Disease Among Chemotherapy Recipients

Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Drug-Induced Lung Disease Among Chemotherapy Recipients

Causal relationship between inflammatory skin diseases and breast cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

AbstractIntroductionPrior research has explored the relationship between inflammatory skin disorders and breast cancer (BC), yet the causality of this association remains uncertain.MethodsUtilizing a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study aimed to elucidate the causal dynamics between various inflammatory skin conditions—namely acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, and rosacea—and BC. Genetic variants implicated in these disorders were sourced from comprehensive genome‐wide association studies representative of European ancestry. In the forward MR, BC was posited as the exposure, while the reverse MR treated each inflammatory skin disease as the exposure. A suite of analytical methodologies, including random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR‐Egger, were employed to probe the causative links between inflammatory skin diseases and BC. Sensitivity analyses, alongside evaluations for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, were conducted to substantiate the findings.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed an increased risk of acne associated with BC (IVW: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.011–1.117, p = 0.016), while noting a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in BC patients (IVW: OR = 0.941, 95% CI = 0.886–0.999, p = 0.047). No significant associations were observed between BC and psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, or rosacea. Conversely, reverse MR analyses detected no effect of BC on the incidence of inflammatory skin diseases. The absence of pleiotropy and the consistency of these outcomes strengthen the study's conclusions.ConclusionFindings indicate an elevated incidence of acne and a reduced incidence of AD in individuals with BC within the European population.

Physical Exercise in Kidney Renal Recipients: Where have We Come.

Background Kidney transplantation constitutes the most effective therapeutic option for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease but remains burdened by a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. To date, exercise is an important preventive strategy that has been underestimated; in kidney transplant patients exercise programs leads to an improvement in cardiorespiratory performance, muscle strength, arterial stiffness and patients' quality of life perception. Summary The nephrology and transplant community have moved from generic suggestions to specific indications regarding Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression of physical exercise both in the pre- and post-transplant phase. The latest guidelines from the World Health Organization for patients with chronic conditions propose a combination of aerobic, muscle strengthening and multicomponent exercises (e.g. balance) to improve health. Based on recent evidence, a combined exercise program (aerobic and strength exercise) is largely proposed to kidney transplant recipients. Aerobic exercise should be performed at an intensity &gt;60% of theoretical maximum heart rate or maximum oxygen uptake possibly every day, strength training should be performed at a &gt;60% the estimate single Maximum Repetition, at least 2 times per week. Key Messages Physical exercise should be personalized in relation to the patient's baseline performance; increases must be progressive and gradual. Regular physical activity should also be recommended to patients awaiting for a transplant. Eventually, an organizational models based on a network of Nephrology Units, Transplant Centers, Sports Medicine Centers and fitness center or outdoor gym are essential elements for overcoming the logistical barriers for prescribing and carrying out regular physical activity.

A Cohort Study of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Lung Disease in Preterm Infants

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and lung diseases (wet lung, RDS, BPD, pneumothorax) in preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants (corrected gestational age &lt;37 weeks) hospitalized in the neonatology department of Yan'an University Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and their clinical data and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in the first 24 h of life were collected (by the random number table method to avoid selection bias) in a retrospective cohort study with the basis of the Serum 25(OH)D level was used to categorize preterm infants into high vitamin D and low vitamin D groups, and to compare the incidence of lung diseases in preterm infants in the 2 groups. Results: A total of 414 preterm infants were selected, and 237 preterm infants were finally included for analysis. The mean serum 25(OH)D level in preterm infants within 24 hours of birth was 16.97 ng/mL. 140 cases in the low-vitamin D group had a serum 25(OH)D level of (11.88± 2.74) ng/mL. 97 cases in the high-vitamin D group had a serum 25(OH)D level of (24.31± 7.52) ng/mL; the rate of births in the fall in the low-vitamin D group was was significantly higher than that of the high-vitamin D group (P&lt;0.05), the utilization rate of lung surface active substance was higher than that of the high-vitamin D group (P&lt;0.05), and the incidence of RDS and BPD was significantly higher than that of the high-vitamin D group (P&lt;0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested that season of birth, serum 25(OH)D level, 5 min Apgar score and prenatal hormone use were associated with pulmonary complications in preterm infants (P&lt;0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum 25(OH)D levels reduced the risk of pulmonary complications in preterm infants, which was statistically significant (B=-0.056, RR= 0.946, 95% CI: 0.910-0.984, P=0.006); higher 5-min Apgar scores had a lower incidence of pulmonary complications in preterm infants, which was statistical significance (B=-0.722, RR= 0.486, 95% CI: 0.281~0.840, P=0.010); prenatal use of hormones will reduce the risk of pulmonary complications in preterm infants (B=-0.763, RR= 0.466, 95% CI: 0.261~0.833, P=0.010). Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels at birth in preterm infants may increase the incidence of RDS and BPD.

Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Hand Motor Function Under Digital Cognitive Test: Mixed Methods Study.

Early detection of cognitive impairment or dementia is essential to reduce the incidence of severe neurodegenerative diseases. However, currently available diagnostic tools for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia are time-consuming, expensive, or not widely accessible. Hence, exploring more effective methods to assist clinicians in detecting MCI is necessary. In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility and efficiency of assessing MCI through movement kinetics under tablet-based "drawing and dragging" tasks. We iteratively designed "drawing and dragging" tasks by conducting symposiums, programming, and interviews with stakeholders (neurologists, nurses, engineers, patients with MCI, healthy older adults, and caregivers). Subsequently, stroke patterns and movement kinetics were evaluated in healthy control and MCI groups by comparing 5 categories of features related to hand motor function (ie, time, stroke, frequency, score, and sequence). Finally, user experience with the overall cognitive screening system was investigated using structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews, and their suggestions were recorded. The "drawing and dragging" tasks can detect MCI effectively, with an average accuracy of 85% (SD 2%). Using statistical comparison of movement kinetics, we discovered that the time- and score-based features are the most effective among all the features. Specifically, compared with the healthy control group, the MCI group showed a significant increase in the time they took for the hand to switch from one stroke to the next, with longer drawing times, slow dragging, and lower scores. In addition, patients with MCI had poorer decision-making strategies and visual perception of drawing sequence features, as evidenced by adding auxiliary information and losing more local details in the drawing. Feedback from user experience indicates that our system is user-friendly and facilitates screening for deficits in self-perception. The tablet-based MCI detection system quantitatively assesses hand motor function in older adults and further elucidates the cognitive and behavioral decline phenomenon in patients with MCI. This innovative approach serves to identify and measure digital biomarkers associated with MCI or Alzheimer dementia, enabling the monitoring of changes in patients' executive function and visual perceptual abilities as the disease advances.

Association between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications. Recently, PPI use has been linked to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular events. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between PPI use and the incidence of chronic kidney disease using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from their inception until March 2024 for relevant studies. We compared outcomes between patients using PPIs, those not using PPIs, and those using histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Endpoints were pooled using the DerSimonian-and-Laird random-effects model as the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Our analysis included twelve studies with a total of 700,125 participants (286,488 on PPIs, 373,848 not on PPIs, and 39,789 on H2RAs), with follow-up periods ranging from three months to 14 years. The current meta-analysis revealed that PPI use is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of incident CKD (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16–1.38, p &lt; 0.001) compared with non-users. Moreover, the risk of incident CKD is significantly higher in patients with PPI use compared to H2RA use (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13–1.59, p &lt; 0.001). The results remained unchanged in terms of magnitude and direction after a leave-one-out analysis for both outcomes. Conclusions: Our multifaceted analysis showed that PPI use was associated with a higher incidence of CKD when compared to non-PPI use and H2RA use, respectively. These findings advocate for heightened vigilance and judicious use of long-term PPIs. Further large prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these observations.

Isolation and characterization of native antagonistic rhizobacteria against Fusarium wilt of chilli to promote plant growth

In the eastern coastal regions of Odisha, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.capsici is an extremely damaging disease in chilli. This disease is very difficult to manage with chemical fungicides since it is soil-borne in nature. The natural rhizosphere soil of the chilli plant was used to isolate and test bacterial antagonists for their effectiveness and ability to promote plant growth. Out of the fifty-five isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chilli plants, five isolates, namely Iso 01, Iso 17, Iso 23, Iso 24, and Iso 32, showed their highly antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici under in vitro. In a dual culture, Iso 32 (73.3%) and Iso 24 (71.5%) caused the highest level of pathogen inhibition. In greenhouse trials, artificially inoculated chilli plants treated with Iso 32 (8.8%) and Iso 24 (10.2%) had decreased percent disease incidence (PDI), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Iso 32 and Iso 24 treated chilli seeds have shown higher seed vigor index of 973.7 and 948.8, respectively, as compared to untreated control 636.5. Furthermore, both the isolates significantly increased plant height as well as the fresh and dry weight of chilli plants under the rolled paper towel method. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MH491049) as the key antagonist. This study demonstrates that rhizobacteria, specifically Iso 32 and Iso 24, can effectively protect chilli plants against Fusarium wilt while promoting overall plant development. These findings hold promise for sustainable and eco-friendly management of Fusarium wilt in chilli cultivation.

Oral dentures and quality of life related to Parkinson disease: An integrative review

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting millions of elderly people, causing tooth loss and difficulties in oral hygiene. These complications increase the incidence of cavities and periodontal diseases. Oral rehabilitation with dentures is crucial to restore masticatory function and improve the quality of life for these patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of oral rehabilitation on the quality of life of edentulous older patients with Parkinson's. An integrative review was prepared following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), based on the research's guiding question: "What is the impact of rehabilitation with complete dentures on the quality of life of older patients with Parkinson's?". The PICO search strategy was set up (P=patient, I=intervention, C=control and O =outcome) and the descriptors that guided the search were obtained from the health sciences descriptors of the virtual health library (DeCSbvs) and the headings of medical subjects (MeSH Pubmed). We used the Pubmed/Medline, BVS, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, in the last 10 years (between June 2012 and June 2022), presenting title and abstract in English. Used the selection process of the articles occurred according to the three steps of the Prisma Flow Diagram: Step 1: Articles selected through critical and reflective reading by title and summary; Step 2: Articles read in full and included in the review only related to the research theme and Step 3: Selection of articles according to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. As results, from 42 initial studies were included two studies. Conclusions: there is a lack of studies in the field of quality of life related to dentures in patients with Parkinson disease.

Rapid host switching of Wolbachia and even more rapid turnover of their phages and incompatibility-causing loci.

About half of all insect species carry maternally inherited Wolbachia alphaproteobacteria, making Wolbachia the most common endosymbionts known in nature. Often Wolbachia spread to high frequencies within populations due to cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), a Wolbachia-induced sperm modification caused by prophage-associated genes (cifs) that kill embryos without Wolbachia. Several Wolbachia variants also block viruses, including wMel from Drosophila melanogaster when transinfected into the mosquito Aedes aegypti. CI enables the establishment and stable maintenance of pathogen-blocking wMel in natural Ae. aegypti populations. These transinfections are reducing dengue disease incidence on multiple continents. While it has long been known that closely related Wolbachia occupy distantly related hosts, the timing of Wolbachia host switching and molecular evolution has not been widely quantified. We provide a new, conservative calibration for Wolbachia chronograms based on examples of co-divergence of Wolbachia and their insect hosts. Synthesizing publicly available and new genomic data, we use our calibration to demonstrate that wMel-like variants separated by only about 370,000 years have naturally colonized holometabolous dipteran and hymenopteran insects that diverged approximately 350 million years ago. Data from Wolbachia variants closely related to those currently dominant in D. melanogaster and D. simulans illustrate that cifs are rapidly acquired and lost among Wolbachia genomes, on a time scale of 10^4 - 10^5 years. This turnover occurs with and without the Wovirus prophages that contain them, with closely related cifs found in distantly related phages and distantly related cifs found in closely related phages. We present evidence for purifying selection on CI rescue function and on particular Cif protein domains. Our results quantify the tempo and mode of rapid host switching and horizontal gene transfer that underlie the spread and diversity of Wolbachia sampled from diverse host species. The wMel variants we highlight from hosts in different climates may offer new options for broadening Wolbachia-based biocontrol of diseases and pests.

Construction and evaluation of a practical model for measuring health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in China

BackgroundHALE is now a regular strategic planning indicator for all levels of the Chinese government. However, HALE measurements necessitate comprehensive data collection and intricate technology. Therefore, effectively converting numerous diseases into the years lived with disability (YLD) rate is a significant challenge for HALE measurements. Our study aimed to construct a simple YLD rate measurement model with high applicability based on the current situation of actual data resources within China to address challenges in measuring HALE target values during planning.MethodsFirst, based on the Chinese YLD rate in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, Pearson correlation analysis, the global optimum method, etc., was utilized to screen the best predictor variables from the current Chinese data resources. Missing data for predictor variables were filled in via spline interpolation. Then, multiple linear regression models were fitted to construct the YLD rate measurement model. The Sullivan method was used to measure HALE. The Monte Carlo method was employed to generate 95% uncertainty intervals. Finally, model performances were assessed using the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).ResultsA three-input-parameter model was constructed to measure the age-specific YLD rates by sex in China, directly using the incidence of infectious diseases, the incidence of chronic diseases among persons aged 15 and older, and the addition of an under-five mortality rate covariate. The total MAE and MAPE for the combined YLD rate were 0.0007 and 0.5949%, respectively. The MAE and MAPE of the combined HALE in the 0-year-old group were 0.0341 and 0.0526%, respectively. There were slightly fewer males (0.0197, 0.0311%) than females (0.0501, 0.0755%).ConclusionWe constructed a high-accuracy model to measure the YLD rate in China by using three monitoring indicators from the Chinese national routine as predictor variables. The model provides a realistic and feasible solution for measuring HALE at the national and especially regional levels, considering limited data.

Panorama da mortalidade por cardiopatia reumática crônica entre 2017 e 2021, no Rio Grande do Sul

Introduction: Chronic rheumatic heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever (RF), a disease that results from pharyngotonsillitis, causing acquired heart disease in young people and can lead to valvular sequelae and death. The objective of the study is to evaluate mortality from rheumatic heart disease in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis on voluntary involvement, and to analyze a possible association between age group and sex. Material and Methods: This research consists of a cross-sectional study using the database of the Department of Information Technology’s Unified Health System (DataSUS). Deaths from rheumatic heart diseases were included, divided by sex and age, during the period from 2017 to 2021 in Rio Grande do Sul. For statistical analysis, the Chi-Square test (χ²) was used, using the software SPSS. Results: 321 deaths from rheumatic valve disease were found between 2017 and 2021, the majority of which were caused by mitral valve disease. Women had a higher number of deaths from mitral valve disease and men from other heart diseases. Regarding the age group, deaths due to mitral valve disease were more prevalent among those aged 40 to 49 years, while in tricuspid valve disease, there was a greater association with individuals aged 80 years or older. In other diseases, no association was demonstrated. Conclusion: From this, an association was established between sex and age group in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease among the studied population. Therefore, a more comprehensive therapeutic approach is needed, associated with the development of campaigns that publicize the importance of correct treatment in order to reduce mortality rates.