Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of kidney stone disease (KSD) has increased in Pakistan since last 5 decades, it is not only the cause of pain, hematuria and fever but is also an important cause of chronic kidney disease, Morbidity and mortality as well if left untreated. It is recurrent disease and can be manifestation of systemic diseases, (D.M, obesity, HTN) genetic and environmental factors play a role in etiology of disease. In spite of modern methods of surgical removal available in Pakistan there is constant increase in number of patients. Economic burden of disease is quite significant, so established metaphylaxsis program is essential part of management of this surgical and medical disease. Main therapies based on history, stone analysis, 24 hour urine metabolic study constitutes the basis of prevention. Increasing fluid intake dietary modification, Pharmacotherapy is the main stay of metaphylaxsis. Compliance of the patient and establishment of specialized stone clinics should be managed jointly by urologist, nephrologist, dietitians, metabolic laboratory expert and Medical Social officers. Prevention is possible in many cases if these patients are managed jointly by multidisciplinary team.
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