Disease Entity Research Articles

Update: Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifaceted disease entity. Confirming the diagnosis as well as tailoring the most appropriate therapy remains an ongoing challenge. The 2021 heart failure guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) suggested a simplified diagnostic approach, and the guideline update provided in 2023 gave recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy based on recent evidence. Further, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC jointly proposed a scheme how to classify HFpEF patients into phenogroups of distinct pathophysiology that may benefit from individually targeted treatment. Regarding HFpEF originating from secondary causes, e.g. M. Fabry, amyloidosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there are emerging therapeutic options with the potential to substantially improve the physical capacity, quality of life and prognosis in these patients. The here presented update gives an overview on the recent advances in the area of HFpEF.

Isolated Depo-Medrol Administration under Tenon's Capsule for Post-COVID-19 Uveitis in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest with ocular symptoms. These symptoms can be divided into isolated events attributed to COVID-19, and those occurring in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a newly diagnosed disease entity associated with COVID-19 infection. Currently, the literature lacks specific guidelines and treatment regimens for COVID-19 ocular symptoms, especially in children. The authors present the case of a 14-and-a-half-year-old boy with bilateral uveitis of the anterior and posterior segments along with vasculitis and optic neuritis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors also perform an up-to-date review of all available publications on the treatment of post-COVID-19 uveitis in children described in the literature between 2020 and 2023. In the case described by the authors, the treatment involved a Depo-Medrol 40 mg/mL injection uder the Tenon capsule, with two subconjunctival injections of epinephrine, topical steroid therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: dexamethasone 0.1%; diclofenac eye drops. In addition, acetylsalicylic acid (150 mg) and pentoxifylline (100 mg, orally) were administered throughout the course of the disease as well as up to 12 months after its termination, until a complete improvement in visual acuity and the withdrawal of ocular lesions were achieved. It can be assumed that this type of treatment is far more beneficial for pediatric patients, with an effect comparable to systemic steroid administration with a preserved improvement in retinal-vascular circulation, without exposing the child to systemic post-steroid complications.

Double outlet right ventricle - the 50% rule has always been about the conus.

There has been much variability in the definition of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) spanning the last century. Historically, emphasis has been placed on the assignment of the great arteries to the right ventricle as a definition of DORV. In this review, we aim to underscore the importance of conal muscle, rather than rules surrounding assignment of great arteries to ventricles. We will be outlining the variability in patient anatomy that results from variations in conal muscle development in DORV, which may not fit perfectly into predefined constructs. This anatomic variability directly determines physiology and surgical repair options. There is a growing appreciation of the utility of cross-sectional imaging in complex DORV, and the generation of patient-specific 3D models with virtual reality simulations for surgical planning. These models improve the prediction of candidacy for biventricular repair and allow the mapping of complex baffle pathways preoperatively. DORV is not a disease entity in itself, but rather a vast spectrum of disorders associated with maldevelopment of conal muscle and often abnormal expansion of one the great vessels. Patient-specific 3D models will be crucial for improved surgical planning and patient outcomes.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: conceptual controversy and clinical impact.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) are rare diseases; nevertheless, they account for the majority of deaths from non-anaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. Establishing the diagnosis and treatment of PDTC is challenging given the low incidence and the lack of standardization of diagnostic criteria. These limitations hamper the ability to compare therapeutic modalities and outcomes between recent and older studies. Recently, the 5th edition of the classification of endocrine tumors has been published, which includes changes in nomenclature and the addition of the disease entity of "differentiatedhigh-grade follicular cell-derived carcinomas". On the other hand, the recently witnessed advances in molecular diagnostics have enriched therapeutic options and improved prognosis for patients. We herein review the various historical variations and evolution in the diagnostic criteria for PDTC. This systematic review attempts to clarify the evolution of the histological and molecular characteristics of this disease, its prognosis, as well as itstreatment options.

Maternal-Foetal/Infant Interactions-Gut Microbiota and Immune Health.

In recent years, the number of scientific publications on the role of intestinal microbiota in shaping human health, as well as the occurrence of intestinal dysbiosis in various disease entities, has increased dynamically. However, there is a gap in comprehensively understanding the factors influencing a child's gut microbiota. This review discusses the establishment of gut microbiota and the immunological mechanisms regulating children's microbiota, emphasising the importance of prioritising the development of appropriate gut microbiota in a child from the planning stages of pregnancy. The databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles. A child's gut microbiota composition is influenced by numerous factors, such as diet during pregnancy, antibiotic therapy, the mother's vaginal microbiota, delivery method, and, later, feeding method and environmental factors. During pregnancy, the foetus naturally acquires bacterial strains from the mother through the placenta, thereby shaping the newborn's immune system. Inappropriate maternal vaginal microbiota may increase the risk of preterm birth. Formula-fed infants typically exhibit a more diverse microbiota than their breastfed counterparts. These factors, among others, shape the maturation of the child's immune system, impacting the production of IgA antibodies that are central to cellular humoral immune defence. Further research should focus on identifying specific microbiota-immune system interactions influencing a child's immune health and developing personalised treatment strategies for immune-related disorders.

Ranking of diseases affecting the health-related quality of life of patients in Poland – a cross-sectional study

IntroductionEpidemiology of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) provides scientific evidence indicating the appearance of dysfunction and disability in patients in various aspects and, as a result, a decrease in the quality of life (QoL). The main aim of the research was to prepare a ranking of diseases determining the degree of disease incidence quality of life (HRQoL) of patients in physical and mental dimensions.Material and methodsThe study was carried out in a group of 7,620 patients assigned to 13 groups of disease entities. The quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The chances of a better QoL were assessed and the groups of diseases determining the individual QoL dimensions were indicated. Multi-stage, stratified random sampling was used in the study to obtain representatives in each diseases entities.ResultsThe worst quality of life among the 13 analysed diseases was noted among cancer patients. Patients with ENT (ear, nose, throat) diseases had the highest chance of a better QoL among the studied subjects (Mental Component Summary (MCS)-OR: 27.4; Physical Component Summary (PCS)-OR: 27.9). Diseases such as cancers, diseases of the nervous system and cardiovascular diseases determined the lowest QoL in terms of MCS, PCS and ILQ (Index of Life Quality). Additionally, lower QoL in the MCS dimension was also affected by diabetes, diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems.ConclusionsCancer, cardiovascular disease and diseases of the nervous system are the disease entities correlated with poorer quality of life.

Investigation of periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and serological characteristics of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and identification of new biomarkers.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two different types of arthritis. Within RA, the subsets between seronegative RA (snRA) and seropositive RA (spRA) represent distinct disease entities; however, identifying clear distinguishing markers between them remains a challenge. This study investigated and compared the oral health conditions in patients with RA and OA to clarify the differences from healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the serological characteristics of the patients, the factors that distinguished patients with RA from those with OA, and the main factors that differentiated between snRA and spRA patients. A total of 161 participants (mean age: 52.52 ± 14.57years, 32 males and 129 females) were enrolled in this study and categorized as: normal (n = 33), OA (n = 31), and RA (n = 97). Patients with RA were divided into the following two subtypes: snRA (n = 18) and spRA (n = 79). Demographics, oral health, and serological characteristics of these patients were compared. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher in patients with OA (100%) and RA (92.8%) than in healthy controls (0.0%). However, the presence of periodontal diseases was not utilized as a distinguishing factor between OA and RA. Xerostomia occurred more frequently in patients with RA (84.5%) than in patients with OA (3.2%) and healthy controls (0.0%) (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that periodontal disease was a very strong predictor in the diagnosis of OA compared to healthy controls, with an AUC value of 1.00 (p < 0.001). Additionally, halitosis (AUC = 0.746, 95% CI 0.621-0.871, p < 0.001) and female sex (AUC = 0.663, 95% CI 0.529-0.797, p < 0.05) were also significant predictors of OA. The strongest predictors of RA diagnosis compared to healthy controls were periodontal diseases (AUC = 0.964), followed by xerostomia (AUC = 0.923), age (AUC = 0.923), female sex (AUC = 0.660), and halitosis (AUC = 0.615) (all p < 0.05). Significant serological predictors of RA were anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 0.808), and RF (AUC = 0.746) (all p < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, xerostomia (odds ratio, OR: 8124.88, 95% CI 10.37-6368261.97, p-value = 0.008) and Anti-CCP Ab (OR: 671.33, 95% CI 2.18-207,074.02, p = 0.026) were significant predictors for RA compared to OA. When diagnosing spRA compared to snRA, anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 1.000, p < 0.001) and RF (AUC = 0.910, 95%CI 0.854-0.967, p < 0.001) had outstanding predictive performances. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should thoroughly evaluate the oral status of both OA and RA patients, alongside serological factors, and consider these elements as potential predictors.

Relative prognostic value of flow cytometric measurable residual disease before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adults with MDS/AML or AML.

Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) measurable residual disease (MRD) before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) independently predicts poor outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Conversely, its prognostic value in the newly defined disease entity, myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS)/AML is unknown. To assess the relationship between disease type, pre-HCT MRD, and post-HCT outcomes, we retrospectively analyzed 1265 adults with MDS/AML (n = 151) or AML (n = 1114) who received a first allograft in first or second morphologic remission at a single institution between April 2006 and March 2023. At 3 years, relapse rates (29% for MDS/AML vs. 29% for AML, p = .98), relapse-free survival (RFS; 50% vs. 55%, p = .22), overall survival (OS; 52% vs. 60%, p = .073), and non-relapse mortality (22% vs. 16%, p = .14) were not statistically significantly different. However, a significant interaction was found between pre-HCT MFC MRD and disease type (MDS/AML vs. AML) for relapse (p = .009), RFS (p = .011), and OS (p = .039). The interaction models indicated that the hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between pre-HCT MRD and post-HCT outcomes were lower in patients with MDS/AML (for relapse: HR = 1.75 [0.97-3.15] in MDS/AML vs. 4.13 [3.31-5.16] in AML; for RFS: HR = 1.58 [1.02-2.45] vs. 2.98 [2.48-3.58]; for OS: HR = 1.50 [0.96-2.35] vs. 2.52 [2.09-3.06]). On the other hand, residual cytogenetic abnormalities at the time of HCT were equally informative in MDS/AML as in AML patients. Our data indicate that MFC-based pre-HCT MRD testing, but not testing for residual cytogenetic abnormalities, is less informative for MDS/AML than AML patients when used for prognostication of post-HCT outcomes.

Selected aspects of nursing care for a patient after ischemic stroke in a care and treatment facility - a case study

Cerebrovascular diseases (including strokes) are currently the second leading cause of death in the world [1,2]. In Poland, statistical data are quite diverse, depending on their source. Stroke patients are often at risk of chronic disability. A significant number of them are doomed to lose their independence and self-care for the rest of their lives. The aim of the study is to present selected nursing problems and ways to solve them in a patient after ischemic stroke who requires round-the-clock care in the field of nursing and care services as part of inpatient long-term care. The subject of the study is the process of nursing a patient diagnosed with ischemic stroke who requires round-the-clock care in the field of nursing and care services as part of long-term care. The study uses a research method - a case study, supported by individual observation, measurements, interview and analysis of medical records. Two scales were used to assess the patient's condition: Barthel and Norton. Conclusions: The individual care plan takes into account the most important problems arising from the specificity of the disease entity, needs and individual situation of the patient. The patient's care problems after a stroke are presented and proposed an effective solution to ensure the best possible care. Nursing and care difficulties have been properly recognized, which has enabled appropriate nursing interventions. Due to systematic prophylactic measures, the patient did not suffer from complications. A detailed interview and careful observation made it possible to plan and implementation of interventions (not only nursing) to provide comprehensive care. The urgent procedure of admitting the patient to the care and treatment facility contributed to the improvement of the quality and availability of health care services, which translated into an improvement in the patient's general condition.

Non-Insulin-Based Drug Entities Used to Treat Diabetes Type 2 Disease (T2DM), Based on Natural Products from All Sources.

Diabetes type 2 (T2DM) is the non-insulin-linked disease that is now becoming a major problem not only in the West but also in Asia (particularly in China and close geographic areas). Unlike the childhood onset diabetic disease (T1DM), which is effectively due to lack of insulin production and is maintained by insulin injection, T2DM is best thought of as an adult disease often being caused by what is now considered "metabolic syndrome" or the culmination of too many insults to the body, in particular obesity and its "coupled diseases" including heart problems. Its symptoms were described in ancient times not only in Europe but also in Asia and with later (1600s) anecdotal reports from South America. In all cases, the diagnostic was "sweet urine" due to the excretion of large amounts of glucose in the urine. This review covers the non-insulin agents approved from 1990 to 2021 from a historical aspect and discussions of the latest agents and can be considered an extension of the author's previous drug source reviews, but this time concentrating on nominally one disease entity, though metabolic syndrome is a collection of ailments.

Acute postpartale hypoxemie: een diagnose van reumatisch mitraliskleplijden

Acute postpartum hypoxemia: diagnosis of rheumatic mitral valve disease Among various causes for peri- and postpartum respiratory insufficiency, rheumatic mitral valve disease is a less common, yet potentially dangerous condition. In Europe, the incidence of rheumatic fever is low, making rheumatic heart valve disease rare. However, as a result of modern migration of patients from endemic regions, one must be aware of possible associated underlying valvular disease in young patients. A 42-year-old patient of North African ethnicity undergoing an elective C-section develops acute hypoxemia during the procedure, persisting postpartum despite the administration of oxygen. Initially, more obvious causes, such as a high spinal block and an allergic reaction, are excluded. A CT scan formally excludes a pulmonary embolism, but is suggestive of heart failure. A consecutive transthoracic echocardiography confirms acute decompensated heart failure with pathognomonic characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve disease. The patient is admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit, where the administration of oxygen and an intravenous treatment with diuretics have a favorable result. A low-dose beta blocker is initiated prior to discharge 5 days postpartum. Although rheumatic mitral stenosis is less common in Europe, one should consider this disease entity in the differential diagnosis when confronted with sudden (cardio)respiratory insufficiency in the parturient. Through this case, the authors highlight the implications of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis during pregnancy and the possible triggers for peripartum cardiac decompensation.

Diogenes syndrome - causes and treatment of pathological hoarding and self neglect

Introduction&#x0D; Diogenes syndrome is a behavioral disorder typically described in physically neglected people living in extreme poverty, unsanitary conditions and self-imposed isolation, who often refuse outside help and tend to accumulate unusual objects. This syndrome is gaining increasing attention in the world of neurology and psychiatry.&#x0D; &#x0D; The aim of the study&#x0D; To summarize current knowledge on the causes of Diogenes syndrome, its characteristics and treatment.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and methods&#x0D; The search of the Pubmed and Google Scholar database was carried out using keywords, in order to find the latest publications.&#x0D; &#x0D; Summary&#x0D; Diogenes syndrome is a complex disease that will affect an increasing number of elderly people as the population ages. There is a lack of extensive research to create clear diagnostic criteria, classification and treatment for Diogenes syndrome. The creation of a disease entity would enable earlier diagnosis and help patients.

Gestational trophoblastic disease a contemporary review of diagnostic and pathology. Current challenge and future directions for gynecologists and obstetricians

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogenous group of disorders assosiated with abnromal proliferation of trophoblast and their course is characterized by varying degrees of malignancy. WHO classified GTD into three categories: tumor-like lesions, molar pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.HM is characterized by abnormal proliferation of both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast, edema of placental villi, with or without the presence of a fetus. Complete and partial moles have been classified as two separate disease entities, and their division depends on the genetic material they contain. The complete mole has a complete set of chromosomes coming only from paternal genome, while the partial mole is triploid and the genetic material transferred comes from the father and the mother. Post-molar gestational trophoblast neoplasia (GTN) is a clinical diagnosis based on the observation of a persistent increase or persistently high hCG concentration after evacuation of the mole, requiring evaluation and treatment. Invasive hydatidiform mole, together with choriocarcinoma and placental tumor, belong to gestational trophoblast neoplasia. Currently, research has shown that short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping is the gold standard for making the correct diagnosis and this test should be performed if possible. GTD diseases originate from both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast tissues and as a result of which they produce an extremely sensitive marker -human chorionic gonadotropin. The facts stated above and significant sensitivity to chemotherapy mean that the average cure rate for this disease currently exceeds 90%. Although the main treatment of gestational trophoblast neoplasia involves the use of cytostatics in cases with worse prognosis, i.e. those with a higher risk, surgery turns out to be an invaluable treatment method.

PEDIATRIC BLEPHAROKERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS WITH DESCEMETOCELE AND CORNEAL NEOVASCULARIZATION : A CASE REPORT

Introduction : Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory eyelid disorder that is commonly associated with secondary conjunctival and corneal involvement that is frequently underdiagnosed in children. The objective is to report a descemetocele and corneal neovascularization as severe complications of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children.&#x0D; Case Illustration : A five years old girl complained blackish lump in the right eye since a month ago. She also had a whitish spot in her eye since a year ago with redness, glare and watery. Three years ago she had a lump in the right eyelid and eye redness intermittently that was getting better with eye drop and history of allergy of house dust mites. Visual acuity (VA) in right eye was hand movement. Anterior segment of the right eye showed telangiectasis of palpebra, hyperemic conjunctiva, with neovascularization of entire surface of the cornea, descemetocele, leucoma and corneal thinning around descemetocele. We injected subconjunctival anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection then we performed amniotic membrane transplantation. Follow-up 2 months post surgery we found VA was 2 m counting finger and the corneal neovascularization was reduced.&#x0D; Discussion : This case represents severe blepharokeratoconjunctivitis can cause some complications, from this patient we found corneal neovascularization and descemetocele. Anti-VEGF injection was to inhibit new blood formation in the patient’s cornea and the amniotic membrane transplantation was to manage the descemetocele.&#x0D; Conclusion : Pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and the complications associated with its treatment can be sight threatening. Early recognition of this disease entity and adequate management may arrest the disease process and may minimize visual morbidity.

An Update on Current Therapeutic Options in IgA Nephropathy.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains the leading cause of primary glomerular disease worldwide. Outcomes are poor with high rates of progressive chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, which contributes to global healthcare costs. Although this disease entity has been described, there were no disease-specific treatments until recently, with the current standard of care focusing on optimal supportive measures including lifestyle modifications and optimization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade. However, with significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IgAN in the past decade, and the acceptance of surrogate outcomes for accelerated drug approval, there have been many new investigational agents tested to target this disease. As these agents become available, we envision a multi-pronged treatment strategy that simultaneously targets the consequences of ongoing nephron loss, stopping any glomerular inflammation, inhibiting pro-fibrotic signals in the glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium, and inhibiting the production of pathogenic IgA molecules. This review is an update on a previous review published in 2021, and we aim to summarize the developments and updates in therapeutic strategies in IgAN and highlight the promising discoveries that are likely to add to our armamentarium.

Drug-resistant epilepsy treated with a vagus nerve stimulator – case report and literature review

The average incidence of epilepsy worldwide is estimated at 7.60 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, with an average annual incidence of 67.77 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. However, it is not a disease entity, but a set of symptoms that may occur against the background of various morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Symptoms of epilepsy include epileptic seizures, i.e. temporary disturbances in the bioelectric activity of brain nerve cells. Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by a persistent predisposition to trigger seizures, and the condition has neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Effective treatment of epilepsy may require the use of various methods. In this paper, we would like to present a case report on the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy using a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS). The described case may prove the effectiveness of treatment of focal drug-resistant epilepsy using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Choosing an appropriate, effective method of treating children with drug-resistant epilepsy is crucial; it is especially worth thinking about innovative methods such as VNS.

Review of available therapies for the treatment of pediatric COVID-19-associated polyarticular inflammatory syndrome

Recently, there have been an increasing number of reports from around the world describing children and adolescents with multisystemic inflammatory conditions associated with COVID-19. The clinical features of these pediatric cases are both similar to and different from other well-described inflammatory syndromes, including Kawasaki disease. Symptoms appear to develop after infection, rather than in the acute phase of COVID-19. Regarding the clinical spectrum, much remains unknown.&#x0D; The new disease entity challenges specialists around the world in developing universal management protocols. In the fight for the health and lives of patients, treatment according to standard protocols for Kawasaki disease has been used. However, further clinical trials are required to prove the effectiveness and safety of these treatments. There are reports of successful therapy using intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and steroid therapy. Biologic, antiviral, antibiotic, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are also used. The described pediatric disease can be associated with hemodynamic failure, so treatment should take place in a hospital setting, under the watchful eye of a multidisciplinary team.

Proposed Etiotypes for COPD: Controversial issues.

The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) revised the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to broadly include a variety of etiologies. A new taxonomy, composed of etiotypes, aims to highlight the heterogeneity in causes and pathogenesis of COPD, allowing more personalized management strategies and emphasizing the need for targeted research to understand and manage COPD better. However, controversy arises with including some diseases under the umbrella term of COPD, as their clinical presentations and treatments differ from classical COPD, which is smoking-related. COPD due to infection (COPD-I) and COPD due to environmental exposure (COPD-P) are classifications within the new taxonomy. Some disease entities in these categories show distinct clinical features and may not benefit from conventional COPD treatments, raising questions about their classification as COPD subtypes. There is also controversy regarding whether bronchiectasis with airflow limitations should be classified as an etiotype of COPD. This article discusses controversial issues associated with the proposed etiotypes for COPD in terms of COPD-I, COPD-P, and bronchiectasis. While the updated COPD definition by GOLD 2023 is a major step towards recognizing the disease's complexity, it also raises questions about the classification of related respiratory conditions. This highlights the need for further research to improve our understanding and approach to COPD management.

Impact of probiotics on inflammatory bowel disease - a systematic review

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both disease entities have many features in common, such as a basis of chronic inflammation, similar clinical symptoms as well as periods of remission and relapse. The difference between them lies in the lesions location. Treatment of IBD is primarily based on reducing inflammation and maintaining as long a remission time as possible. Increasing evidence is being attributed to the therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBD.&#x0D; Purpose: This review aims to present the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic use in IBS through an analysis of recent studies.&#x0D; Methods: A review of recent literature was conducted to investigate the impact of probiotic use on the treatment of IBD.&#x0D; Results: In studies, probiotics help induce and maintain remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, especially when used in combination therapy. In contrast, the usage of probiotics in Crohn's disease does not provide due benefit: it does not induce or prolong remission.&#x0D; Conclusions: In conclusion, the effect of probiotics on IBD is inconclusive. Some probiotics, particularly the VSL#3 probiotic blend, have shown decent effects on induction and remission in patients with mild to moderate UC. However, no therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in patients with Crohn's Disease. Therefore studies under more restrictive and standardized conditions are required.

A systematic assessment on the influence of probiotics on patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disorder

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes persistent mucosal inflammation, and mounting evidence points to the intestinal microbiota's critical involvement in this process. New molecular techniques have also helped to identify dysbiosis in these individuals. Many potential probiotic product action mechanisms counteract IBD etiological causes. The study aimed to explain the benefits of probiotics for IBD and thoroughly evaluate current trials using probiotics to treat IBD in grownups. A specific search was done using specified keywords on October 1, 2011, using the supplied date range. Only English-language, full-text articles on clinical results for adult patients were addressed. Based on disease type and disease activity, the 41 eligible studies were classified. Pooled odds ratios were calculated only when there were many available randomized controlled trials per probiotic for a particular patient group. According to well-designed randomized controlled studies, few probiotics are effective in treating IBD at this time. It was only feasible to conduct meta-analyses on a limited number of studies, which yielded an overall risk ratio of 2.70 for inducing remission in active U.C. with Bifido fermented milk versus placebo or no adjuvant treatment. Very Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria (VSL#3) enables people to go into remission active U.C. compared to placebo. To support the favorable outcomes for inactive ulcerative colitis (U.C.), it is still a need to conduct better-conducted investigations in regard to the variety of drug VSL#3 in patients with both active and dormant U.C. U.C. based on intention-to-treat analyses by many independent research organizations. According to the existing data, probiotic usage in Crohn’s Disease (CD) has yet to be shown. The location and subtypes of certain diseases should be the focus of future research. Selecting probiotic strains for certain disease entities and illness sites will be easier with more knowledge of the mechanisms of probiotic strains and the etiology of IBD.