Discursive Method Research Articles

THE DECLINE OF INFORMATION RESISTANCE AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE PRACTICE OF POLITICAL MANIPULATION

In this publication, based on the behavioral approach, conceptualization and discursive method, a study is carried out of the possibilities and characteristics of the influence of an objectively developing information array, distributed in accordance with modern communication trends, on the cognitive and emotional processes of the mentality of consumers of an information product in general and on the function of information resistance in particular. As a hypothesis, a statement is formulated according to which, in conditions of objective growth of generated information and the introduction of information (digital, network) addictions into the psyche, in combination with the inertia of perception inherent in the human brain, information resistance decreases, which increases the likelihood of the successful use of manipulative practices as a variation of suggestive communication. A definition of information resistance is given as resistance to the effects of unverified and/or unreliable information. The determinants of the vector of falling information resistance are revealed and studied, such as inertia of perception, pandemic dispersion of digital dependence, information overload. The validity of the correlation between the rate of decrease in information resistance and the effective dispersion of manipulations is substantiated. The leading varieties of modern manipulative practices, which are generated, among other things, by a decrease in information resistance, are characterized - the spread of deepfakes, the synthesis of cybersimulacra (including astroturfing and sockpuppeting), the imposition of behavioral patterns of reference groups, the cultivation and popularization of ersatz culture. Based on the results of the study, a position is formulated according to which a decrease in the level of information resistance, associated with a decline in the intellectual functions of human consciousness, activates primitive archaic forms of consciousness. It is noted that due to the reduction of cognitive methods of adaptation to the surrounding world to the simplest irrational forms, space opens up for the implementation of power relations through emotionally charged manipulations.

Peace education for an equitable and sustainable world

Peace is not only the epicenter of the global geopolitics but it has also been one of the most consistent and cherished desires of mankind in every époque. Violence as a discursive method and a mouthpiece of antagonistic epistemologies and hierarchies of value, from youth/gender violence to international warfare, designates peace an imperative task for today’s education. With the aim to synthesize an interpretive instrument for a co-existing, interdependent, and complex system of peace concepts, this paper (1) models an ecology of four peace conceptualizations: Negative peace, Positive peace, Homeostatic peace, Futuristic peace; (2) situates these conceptualizations within peace education and SDGs discourses; and (3) provides theoretical structure for integrating peace and peace education studies in the fields of comparative-international and sustainability education. This theoretical analysis is based on the premise that the purpose, content and scope of peace education for an equitable and sustainable world greatly depend on a concept of peace in the minds of education stakeholders.

Allusion: A Functional Evaluation of Peter Theroux’s Translation Dongola: A Novel of Nubia with Reference to Idris Ali’s Original Novel Dunqulah: Riwayah Nubiyah

This study addresses the translation of allusion in Arabic into English from a qualitative functional perspective. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the functional adequacy of Peter Theroux’s English translation of the allusions employed by Idris Ali in his Arabic novel Dunqulah: Riwayah Nubiyah (1993), via implementing Nord’s functional model of translation-oriented text analysis (1991). The study entails two initial hypotheses. First, Theroux, as a non-native speaker of Arabic, would encounter linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic translation difficulties. Second, the anticipated translation difficulties are expected to affect the functional adequacy of Theroux’s translation of allusion into English. The findings indicate that: Peter Theroux, as an American translator whose mother tongue is English, encountered linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic translation difficulties, which affected, to varying degrees, the functional adequacy of his English translation of allusion. Additionally, Theroux’s rendering of the allusions using the literal sub-strategy into English has negatively affected their functional adequacy due to the linguistic and cultural gaps between the two languages. The study concludes that adopting the literal sub-strategy has led to a functionally inadequate English translation of the Arabic allusions. Furthermore, Nord’s model (1991) would be a useful top-down problem-solving tool for translation between linguistically and culturally distant languages as it would aid the translator in identifying the anticipated linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic divergences between the languages. The produced translation would be based on a problem-solution process conducted by the translator rather than a discursive method of translation.

Enhancing the education of paediatric nurses: A positive step towards achieving sustainable development goals.

The aim of this discursive paper was to describe and expound on how paediatric nurses will be able to address the needs of children and adolescents through the lens of selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Rwanda. A discursive analysis of SDGs relating to the roles of paediatric nurses in the context of Rwanda. A discursive method using SDGs as a guiding framework is used in this paper. We drew on our own experiences and supported them with the available literature. A collection of contextually relevant examples of how paediatric nurses will be able to address the needs of children and adolescents through the lens of selected SDGs in Rwanda was discussed. The selected SDGs expounded on were: no poverty, good health and well-being, quality of education, decent work and economic growth, reduced inequalities, and partnerships for the goals. There is no doubt that the paediatric nurses in Rwanda play undeniable key roles in attaining SDGs and their targets. Thus, there is a need to train more paediatric nurses with the support of the interdisciplinary partners. Collaboratively, this is possible in the bid to ensure equitable and accessible care to the current and future generations. This discursive paper is intended to inform the different stakeholders in nursing practice, research, education and policy to support and invest in the advanced education of paediatric nurses for attainment of the SDGs.

The Analysis of Three Dimensions of The Main Character in Percy Jackson

The aim of this study is to analyze the three dimensions of the main character in Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief movie. The data which are used in this study are taken from a movie entitled Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. This study applied a theory proposed by Egri (1960) to analyze the three dimensions of the character and a theory proposed by Kenney (1966) to classify the method of characterization into five methods: Discursive Method, Dramatic Method, Contextual Method, Mixing Method, and Characters on the other Characters Method. The data were collected by using documentation method and note taking technique. Descriptive and qualitative method were used to analyze the data. Based on the analysis, it shows that the main character in Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief movie is Percy Jackson. The findings of this study indicate that in the movie, it shows all of the three dimensions of the character. There is also method of characterization used by the author in the movie.

Colonial Internationalism and the Governmentality of Empire, 1893–1982 by Florian Wagner

Decolonization must be either “revolutionary or inexistent,” declared the Martinican poet and politician Aimé Césaire (356). So long as it enforces a relationship between domination and subjugation, colonialism cannot be “reformed” in any substantive way. The International Colonial Institute (ici, 1893–1982)—the subject of Wagner’s penetrating volume—begged to differ. The ici claimed that under the guidance of European experts, colonial subjects could become productive contributors to global capitalist society “voluntarily” and “without renouncing their culture and traditions” (354). It rejected modernization theory’s claims of liberal universalism, arguing instead for localized models. Nonetheless, ici experts shared “best practices” from around the world, creating a “trans-colonial” sphere of knowledge. Its ideas shaped colonial policies before 1945 and neocolonial practices thereafter; famous colonizers like Frederick Lugard and Hubert Lyautey were among its members. Wagner argues that the very consistency of the ici’s calls for reform reveals the hollowness of imperial apologetics.Despite the group’s significant influence, the ici has received little study. By conducting research in twenty archives across six countries, Wagner provides an account of the group’s institutional history, engaging critically with its central ideas and tracing its impact on policy. His central argument? “The ici is the smoking gun that proves the immobility of colonialism” (350).Wagner’s approach is mainly historical, though he has read relevant sources in other disciplines. Chapter 5 draws from law and sociology to show how ici experts like Cornelis van Vollenhoven used codification to manipulate indigenous laws for the benefit of colonizers. He draws from social theory, especially Foucault’s, to frame his interpretation of colonial reform as the search for “governmentality”—the control of colonies through elite knowledge and with the voluntary cooperation of the colonized.1Through the ici’s minutes and publications, Wagner reconstructs the group’s discourse of reformist colonialism. Chapter 3 explains the group’s standard discursive method. Colonial “experts” would begin by identifying a “stereotype” of successful colonialism (usually in Dutch Southeast Asia), which could be juxtaposed with unsuccessful ventures (often British India or settler colonies more generally). Experts would argue that successful practices respected indigenous traditions and attracted voluntary participation, and then lobby governments and private investors to bring these modalities to other colonies.Chapter 4 offers an especially revealing study of the Buitenzorg botanical garden in Dutch Java, the plants and techniques of which were imported to German East Africa, the Belgian Congo, and French West Africa. But according to Wagner, such supposed colonial success stories were inevitably based on “myths.” They were neither as profitable nor as transferrable as the experts claimed, and they actually relied on heavy doses of coercion and violence. The true function of places like Buitenzorg was ideological; they stood for the idea that trans-colonial science could improve colonialism. Thus, Wagner concludes that the main function of the ici was not to improve life for colonial subjects, nor even to enhance the productivity of the colonies. Instead, it helped its members to “boost their careers as colonial experts” (349), with commensurate salaries, pensions, and respect.Chapters 6 to 9 trace the group’s lasting influence from the 1920s into the decolonization era. By the 1930s, it stood in opposition to the liberal reformism of the League of Nation’s Permanent Mandate Commission (pmc) and became a haven for fascists and their sympathizers from Italy, Germany, and Portugal. The organization—which renamed itself the Institute of Differing Civilizations (incidi) in 1949—even admitted war criminals and notorious antisemites. The group continued to embrace “cultural relativism” and local knowledge, arguing not only that the pmc’s liberal universalism reflected ignorant Eurocentrism but that prominent anticolonial nationalists were unrepresentative of the diverse desires of their people.At times, the significance of the ici in shaping particular colonial policies can be difficult to ascertain from this book, and Wagner’s claims of wide incidi influence into the 1960s are not fully developed. Moreover, the book’s deep research can sometimes result in excessively dense passages. Wagner succeeds, however, in demonstrating the centrality of the ici to discourses about colonial governance. That the group’s members promoted a remarkably consistent narrative of reform throughout its lifespan should interest the many scholars tracing the role of empire in the construction of twentieth-century internationalism and development.

Рецензия на книгу: Гричин С. В. Авторизационная модель научного текста: монография. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 2020. – 292 с.

This article is a review of the book The Evidential Model of a Scientific Text by Sergey Grichin. The monograph describes evidentiality, one of the leading discursive categories of a scientific text. Grichin answers the questions: How does new knowledge emerge? How is it converted into a text? How does the dialogue between the author and his predecessors come about? Answering these questions, Grichin substantiates the status of evidentiality as a universal text-forming category. This category reflects all cognitive actions of the author of the text, so the study of evidentiality requires a complex, interdisciplinary approach. In the reviewed book, this approach is represented by the synthesis of functional stylistics, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, psychology and logic. The author of the monograph fully and clearly formulates the research methodology and defines the key concepts: evidential sense, evidential unit, evidential indicators, etc. Grichin establishes the extra-linguistic factors influencing the representation of evidential meanings in a scientific text, and describes the linguistic units for expressing these meanings. The correlation between the category of evidentiality and the category of certainty / uncertainty is shown. Regularities in the perception of evidential information by the addressee are defined. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the category of evidentiality is presented as an integrative, multifactor model, which takes into account extralinguistic (discursive) and linguistic factors of communicative and cognitive activity of the author of the text. The scientific significance of the developed model is ensured by the fact that Grichin interprets evidentiality in a wider and deeper way than it was accepted in traditional linguistics (traditionally evidentiality is understood as referring to the source of someone else’s speech). The monograph considers evidentiality as a multifactorial category, which is a tool for structuring scientific discourse. The evidentiality model is developed by Grichin on the basis of the analysis of vast material, which includes more than 300 texts in 13 branches of science. To check the validity of the concept, journalistic and colloquial (dialectal) texts are used in addition to scientific texts. The regularities of the addressee’s perception of evidential senses are analysed by means of experimental methods. The reviewers note the value of the monograph for speech studies, in particular: development of a cognitive and discursive method of scientific text analysis; identification of new extralinguistic factors of scientific communication; establishment of mechanisms of generation and perception of scientific texts.

PERCEPTION OF NIHILISM BY “HUMANELY DEVELOPED” YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1850s – 1860s

It is proved that in the youth culture of the sixties of the XIX century there was a split into educational and nihilistic subcultures. The purpose of the study is to analyze the views of educated young people of the XIX century on the nihilistic system of values and lifestyle. The subject of the study is the ideas of educated young people of the 1860s about nihilism. The novelty of the work is determined by comparison of two youth subcultures – educational and nihilistic. The theme is uncovered in the context of historical and anthropological approach, which requires the study of a personality in the society. The discursive method made it possible to identify the key words and ideas of “humanely developed” young people. The axiological method made it possible to determine the value system of young people. The article analyzes the features characterizing the culture of the educated “people of the sixties”. The concept of “humanely developed” young people of the 1860s is uncovered, they were supporters of liberal reforms, highly educated, they assessed reasonably historical circumstances. Their ideas about the goals of their activities are revealed – promoting the formation of civil society, expanding personal and social rights of the individual. In the works of historians, the ideas of nihilists are mainly studied, which are often perceived by the features of all the “people of the sixties”. In historical works, nihilism is considered as the main youth subculture in Russia in the 1860s, the views of educated young people who perceived nihilists as their opponents are insufficiently studied. The main sources of the research are memoirs, letters and diary entries of prominent representatives of “humanely developed” young people, which enable us to determine the value system of their authors, the features of their cultural memory, perception of the interests of different social forces. The study led to the conclusion that the worldview of “humanely developed” young people differed significantly from the ideological attitudes of nihilism. It is proved that liberal-minded young people created their own system of values; they set the task of forming a thinking personality. Unlike nihilists, they recognized the human right to personal happiness. Educated young people and nihilists also had general ideas about public activities in the interests of the people, about granting rights to women, and about the development of education.

Value and Goal-Oriented Dispositives of the Discourse of Cultural Heritage in the Theory of Political Communication

Studies of recent years have shown a weakening of the urban identity of the youth of St. Petersburg, a lack of interest in the preservation of cultural heritage. The purpose of the study is to deconstruct discourses and identify the value-oriented and goal-oriented components of dispositives that allow understanding the drives of communication in social networks and adjusting the policy of urban identity. The article applies the actor-network theory to data reconstructed from the texts of social networks of residents and city defenders about the St. Petersburg cultural architectural heritage, which allowed us to adapt the ANT for a systematic analysis of urban identity politics, taking into account infl uential factors in the modern environment of network communications and related policies. Identity is considered simultaneously as a discursive construction and as an effect of the confi guration of human and non-human actors that respond in social practice to the current transformation of the symbiotic relationship between man and the environment. On the material of the media and social networks regarding the destruction of the building, the content was analyzed using the discursive method and actor-network theory. Three possible levels of use of ANT in the analysis of political communication around cultural heritage are identifi ed and illustrated: 1) material objects stabilize social relations; 2) have real and sensual qualities that contribute to projective identifi cation; 3) ensure the spatiality and integrity of the city. In the course of analyzing the boundaries of network interactions, the psychoanalytic concept of “lack” is actualized as an insoluble contradiction and antagonism of discourses, as a projection of anxiety in texts, with the prevailing uncertainty of the current motivation. The result of the study was the identifi cation of value-oriented and goal-oriented dispositives of discourses in the fi eld of urban identity and the development of a program for the policy of communication with network actors. The identifi cation of dispositives allowed us to establish the conditions for productive communication as a determining factor in symbiotic regimes in the modern city.

Maps and mazes: Pathways to the folkloric imagination

abstract This article considers the symbolic methods of reading the text through black women’s experimental strategies of abstract cartographies and labyrinthine imaginations. It thinks about the problem of ‘transnational’ mapping and motion from the experimental and symbolic realm of (playful) abstraction. I am primarily concerned with Katherine McKittrick’s reinvocation of Sylvia Wynter’s play on the mathematical concept of “Demonic Grounds” and Nongenile Masithathu Zenani’s labyrinthine puzzles in the realm of isiXhosa folkloric imagination. According to Katherine McKittrick, cartographic methods that arise from plantation modernity symbolically render black people “ungeographic” (McKittrick 2006). That is, geography as a scientific and discursive method of interpreting and mapping the material and immaterial conceptions of the world tends to mark out or make absent the presence of blackness in space, time, and motion. If we were to read the modern spatial world as a text (Harris 1999; Hateb 1990), then cartographic logics would submerge blackness under “sub-zero degrees” of knowledge and the imagination (Spillers 1987; Morrison 1995). This is what Sylvia Wynter calls the “demonic grounds” of abstract conception (McKittrick 2006, p. xxiv). McKittrick asserts, “In mathematics, physics and computational science, the demonic connotes a working system that cannot have a determined, or knowable outcome. The demonic is a nondeterministic schema: it is hinged on uncertainty and non-linearity because the organizing principle cannot predict the future” (McKittrick 2006, xxiv). My question is: How do we begin to excavate, move through and fashion different models of the world in this submerged space of ‘demonic grounds’? Nongenile Masithathu Zenani, a master Xhosa folklorist and mythologist, traces a legendary figure’s journey through a puzzling labyrinthine journey under these ‘sub-zero zones’ or ‘demonic grounds’ of symbolic abstraction. This article synthesises and conjoins black women’s abstract and symbolic practices from different parts of the black world.

Review: The Critical Study of Non-Religion: Discourse, Identification, and Locality, by Christopher R. Cotter

Christopher Cotter’s text is an admirable contribution to the growing study of non-religion in its various forms. He explores how non-religion as an identification claim works to situate individuals within a complex network of social powers, placing claimants in relation to one another and the structures collectively produced and maintained. Scholars already versed in this subfield may find it valuable to work through the material. The book is dense and difficult, however, and unlikely to be helpful for general usage, either in research or the classroom. This reader often felt bogged down by copious references and citations, which read as survivals from earlier iterations of the content, particularly reflective of a dissertation level of literature engagement; indeed both Cotter’s dissertation and master’s thesis work have been rolled into this monograph.The first half of the book is largely theoretical. Chapter 1 introduces the broad landscape of the field, situating the book in relation to related work on secularism, atheism, “nones,” and “spiritual, but not religious” trends. Cotter sets up his content by explaining that “non-religion is not everything that is not religious” (21, emphasis in original). Instead, it is everything that is postured vis-a-vis religion for its own definition. It is everything that is defined by its non-religiosity—not de facto non-religious, but intentional non-religiosity. In the second chapter, Cotter provides a critical assessment of what he sees as the four dominant approaches to non-religion: subtractionist, context specific, substantial, and discursive. It is this final approach upon which he lands for his own investigation. Chapter 3 moves toward his case study, detailing the value of localities—or practical working environments—which provide somewhat stable, defined communities for investigation. Cotter chose Edinburgh’s Southside neighborhood, a relatively representative area with slightly higher religious and ethnic diversity than the rest of the city. The remaining chapters provide an in-depth application of Cotter’s discursive method, and subsequent theoretical analysis.Where the book is most successful is in its finely detailed application of discursive approaches. Cotter pays close attention to both the language his informants use, and the various contexts and code-switches they employ. He recognizes and explicitly outlines the difficulty in attempting to understand trends and networks as they are developing, but convincingly lays out discursive theory as a potential solution to such problems. Cotter’s commitment to detail is admirable, and incredibly helpful for readers who are similarly inclined to the beautiful minutiae of conversation (and its attendant meanings), but general readers may find themselves overwhelmed. In analyzing religion-related discourses in Edinburgh’s Southside (including non- and anti-religious sentiments), Cotter identifies eight key thematic groups: power, civic space, space and built environment, living, social identity, containment, relationships, and science and meaning.Cotter’s chapter on identity (chapter 5) is similarly successful. He advocates for “shifting from seemingly static identities to the more active claims and counterclaims surrounding them” (139) as a way to reorient discussions of identity toward identification, which he describes as significantly more relational and contextual. In other words, he is sensitive to and aware of the ways in which his informants’ identity claims are in response to a host of contextual circumstances. One participant, Naomi, is a “somewhat secular Jew,” whose “identification as Jewish isn’t something that she is consciously made aware of.” And yet, he points out, there are “spaces where this aspect of her identity is brought more clearly into focus,” specifically the Jewish cemetery in the neighborhood (141). This insistence on not reifying identity is essential to both Cotter’s discursive approach, and his fundamental assertion that employing such a method “provides us with a richer and more critically sound grasp of the machinations, agendas, and vicissitudes at play in the religion-related field…at a time when global politics has become highly polarized around such matters” (160).It is in the final chapter that Cotter confronts a question that haunts the entire book: why study indifference? Essentially, he claims that doing so forces scholars to reconsider the boundaries of our field(s), and the various power dynamics that are at play. As he states, “the study of religious indifference is entangled with several problems with the researcher, many of which are problems associated with the study of religion turned up to eleven” (185). Indeed, what we classify as religion or non-religion prefaces our entire examination with prejudice and may obfuscate otherwise important themes and trends. He reminds readers that just as religion is a permeable category, into and out of which people may move in complex and unpredictable ways, so too is non-religion. Cotter’s conclusion, succinctly, is that “the performance of indifference can serve as a tactic for coping with contextually meaningful difference” (179, emphasis in original). This argument is the heart of Cotter’s project, and the clearest contribution to this emerging subfield.

The study of analysis characterization in “five feet apart” movie by justin baldoni

This study is focused on analyzing characterization in “Five Feet Apart “movie by Justin Baldoni. This study has two aims, namely 1) to find out the types of characterization and to describe the main character in “Five Feet Apart” and 2) to find out the characterization of the main character realized in “Five Feet Apart” movie by Justin Baldoni. The data were analyzed based on the theory proposed by Kenney (1996) and Wellek and Warren (1962). The result of this analysis showed that there were 5 types of characterization from Kenney theory such as Discursive Method, Dramatic Method, Character on other Character, Mixing Method and Contextual Method and 3 theory dimension characterization such as Physiological Dimension, Sociological Dimension and Psychological Dimension.

Essays of Sofia Rusova: Factors Influencing the Choice of Genre Form of Publications

Introduction. During the entire period of her creative activity, S. Rusova published about 500 publications, which are quite diverse in their genre embodiment – from scientific monographs, educational and methodological textbooks and manuals to literary and critical reviews, reviews, notes, articles, biographical, historicalethnographic and travel essays, etc. Relevance of research. Analyzing the life and creative path of the educator, it can be seen that the author’s choice of genre form for her own publications often depended on several important factors that significantly influenced this choice: the specific historical period of S. Rusova’s life, the publishing platforms with the financial support of which the works were published, the audience for which the publishing product was intended; a topic that the author sought to raise in her publications. The purpose of scientific research is to find out how the factors outlined above influenced S. Rusova’s choice of the genre form of the essay for her own publications. The object of the study was the journalistic heritage of S. Rusova, in particular, the works that corresponded to the essay genre in their form. Research methods. The main method is comparative-historical, which is used to examine social and cultural phenomena in the context of the era (mid-19th – early 20th centuries), their relationships with the history of the people, socio-political and economic life. The discursive method helped to determine the connections between a specific publication by S. Rusova and the socio-political situation in the country in a certain historical period. The methods of information selection and its classification were used to select from the entire array of S. Rusova’s journalistic heritage publications written in the essay genre and classify them according to intra-genre varieties – biographical (portrait), historical-ethnographic (problematic) and travel. A problem-thematic analysis of their content was also carried out. The methods of synthesis and generalization made it possible to draw conclusions and outline the prospects for research on a similar topic. Conclusions. Having analyzed the creative heritage of S. Rusova, we can state that the author’s journalistic, and even more so, publishing activity is often directly related to the historical and economic conditions of the time, the state of public opinion, the level of democratization of society, etc. If journalism can be influenced by emotional moments, mental state, appropriate mood, then mostly economic factors contribute to or hinder the implementation of a publishing project. Under the conditions of strict censorship, which prevailed in Right-Bank Ukraine at that time, the young, inexperienced author had to maneuver, searching for and choosing the optimal forms of presenting information. Such an “optimal form in the literary process of the 19th-20th centuries. became essays.

Участие фермеров и местных сообществ в реализации политики поддержки сельских территорий в странах Европейского Союза

The purpose of this article is to present for scientific discussion some of the results of the study, which make it possible to formulate a number of practical recommendations regarding the implementation of the European experience of supporting rural areas in domestic political practice. While such opportunities relate to many aspects of the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP), the article deals with the potential of agricultural producers (farmers), local communities, rural networks in solving rural development problems with the active support of special funds of the European Union, primarily the European Fund for Rural Development. The research findings were obtained through a discursive method of analysis with using (1) legislative documents underlying the policy, (2) statistical information and reporting data related to the results of the CAP realization at various program stages, (3) scientific publications presenting expert assessments by European colleagues.

The Revival of the Past: Privatizing Cultural Practices in the Festival Era

Abstract The issue of indigenous community revivalism is crucial related to identity problems and cultural practices in sustainable development. Capital accumulation through cultural commercialization becomes a means to create a cultural creative sector based on tourism. The case of Osing communities in Banyuwangi, East Java, explained and highlighted the cultural practices of indigenous identity to a political-economic agenda. The research used a discursive analysis method with the findings of several issues. First, there were discrepancies between the indigenous and village institutions over the vision of village development. Second, the emergent forms of elite domination in an indigenous village. Third, the economic profit which is introduced by the market system did not align with the constructed narratives of indigenous people as generous and selfless. Fourth, the revival of cultural tourism is followed by an improvement in the infrastructure as a development indicator. And fifth, the government did not effectively represent the will of the indigenous community. Those emerged the contradiction between maintaining and innovating the tradition as a challenge in cultural tourism projects. The conditions were examined as a politics of culture which is formulated by the state. Hence, cultural practices of indigenous community turned into festivals; notwithstanding, indigenous sustainability is still uncertain.

The Politics of Space and the Search for Ethico-Moral Rearmament in Zimbabwe in John Eppel’s Hatchings

This article analyses the politics of space and the search for national regeneration in a society that is bifurcated along class, moral, and ethical lines. Whichever way one looks at it, Zimbabwe’s spatialised realities in both denotative and connotative terms stubbornly stand out. Space here is used as a discursive method of inclusion and exclusion. There are opposition spaces, ZANU-PF spaces, church spaces, corrupt spaces and spaces of violence and coercion. What are often dwarfed are those spaces that represent the future, national cohesion and multiculturalism, because they have never been allowed to flourish. This article examines the novel Hatchings (2006) by John Eppel in order to argue that the spaces of national toxicity preponderate over the spaces that represent national development, healing and justice. The article invokes theories of space and place by such theorists as Henri Lefebvre, Setha Low and Ranka Primorac to argue that space is socially produced and imbued with symbolic meaning over and above its physicality. As embodied, space(s) houses metaphors, ideology, behaviours, habits and orientations that can either unhinge or redeem a society depending on the balance of forces at play in given social contexts. What Eppel seems to be suggesting, the article concludes, is that despite the fact that Zimbabwe has been in the tenacious grip of the spaces of looters and immoral personages, the nation possesses within itself spaces for self-renewal that are often ignored or suppressed in the relentless pursuit of self-interest. There is a need for a new national culture and ethos that propels the nation into the future rather than the abyss.

ПРАГМАТИКА МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНЫХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО

Purpose: justification of a pragmatic approach in the study of Russian as a foreign language. Methods . Linguoculturological analysis provides insight into the interaction and interdependence of language and culture in speech behaviour, supplemented by the observation method, which makes it possible to describe various aspects and phenomena in intercultural exchange, and by the discursive method, which reveals the dynamism of their mutual influence. Findings. Mutual intelligibility as the basis of intercultural exchange is based on the qualitative communication indicators, which ensure the openness, accessibility and clarity of the communicative intentions of the parties involved. Conscious entry into the zone of common meanings suggests reaching agreement while preserving the cultural identity of the participants. The pragmatic approach to the study of Russian as a foreign language consists in the formation of strategic planning skills for speech behaviour that correlates communication needs, speech competencies and cultural phenomena significant for communication. Conclusions. The study of the communication phenomenon theoretically justifies the adaptation of students to various situations of intercultural exchange. The search for a communicative solution requires guidelines for speech behaviour, which the student draws from the social and cultural context. Cultural phenomena are not only the subject of the study, but they also develop communication skills in terms of their application in various situations. The use of speech genres that are actively prevalent in the world culture in studying facilitates the achievement of mutual intelligibility, contributing to the independent strategic planning of speech behaviour, taking into account own communication needs.

Human-geographical texts: the essence and approaches to analysis

This article discovers the meaning of textual conception of scientific writing (scientific language) for the creation and interpretation of human-geographical texts as material messages or a system of messages which meet the test of certain criteria and characteristics. The main criteria of textuality as intentionality, presence of a common code, informativeness and communication are presented. The authors shows the features of the text as integrity, connectivity, orderliness and membership of the internal organization, autonomy, complete or relative completeness and acceptability. The research found out main functions, principles, linguistic and style requirements for compiling human-geographical texts. The logical scheme of the conceptual-term system “hierarchy of the scientific text” is constructed and created of meanings such as setext, pretext (reason), mikrotext, makrotext, hypertext, megatext, supertext, unitext. The study shows the possibility of using of scientific writing for the analysis of human-geographical texts. The meaning of intertext, context and subtext for the content interpretation is characterized. The authors emphasize the importance of methodological procedures and principles of hermeneutics for the interpretation of scientific texts. The possibilities of philosophical concepts, modus and modality for assess of texts are disclosured. The research analyzes the following types of modalities of scientific texts as reality and hypotheticality, tradition and innovation, uniqueness and discussion, confidence and doubt. The importance of modal characteristics for the development of science is emphasized in particular changes of scientific paradigms. The research confirms the possibility of interpreting human-geographical texts as sign systems and cultural codes. The authors reveal the essence of narrative and discursive methods and content analysis of human-geographical texts. Key words: human-geographical text, sign system, hermeneutics, modus, modality, narrative method, discursive method, content analysis.

Paradoxes of Soviet Film Directing (By the Example of R.A. Bykov’s and K.G. Muratova’s Films)

The article aims to analyze the film directing experience of R.A. Bykov and K.G. Muratova, who embody the principles of alternative Soviet cinema. As our research shows, they are united not only by the epoch, but also by archetypal representativeness and personal marginality. This is embodied in the paradoxes of film directing, which are the subject of this research. Both R.A. Bykov and K.G. Muratova were somehow disavowed by the totalitarian regime, and their works were censored. In R.A. Bykov’s case, we also mean his acting work, not just directing. This research is relevant because of the problems of analyzing the narrative content of Russian cinema, and the characteristics of the complex and ambiguous Soviet and post-Soviet period of Russian culture.The article deals with a psychoanalytic discourse of the creators, reveals the common and specific in their lives and works. Its use is justified due to the paradoxes of the creative personality. According to the author, R.A. Bykov’s inferiority complex is associated with his desire to be the best and to realize his potential in all participation areas: not only as a director and actor but also as an organizer and public figure. K.G. Muratova was forced to constantly prove her existence in film directing due to the specifics of this “non- feminine” kind of activity, and therefore she was creating films that did not correspond to gender stereotypes.The article substantiates that the determining factor of creativity is, first, the psychological characteristics of the creator’s personality, and secondly, the social context. The author’s task is to test the psychoanalytic discursive method adapted to the main purpose of cultural analysis.This is explained by the fact that for both the authors, a grotesque theatricalization was a way to comprehend reality and figuratively express their ideas about it, an opportunity to preserve viability in socially and morally intolerant conditions. Archetypal images are the basis for building the drama of a cinematic work. In this article, in the context of R.A. Bykov’s works, the archetypal approach is applied to the film “Aybolit-66” (1967), in the context of K.G. Muratova’s works — to the film “Three Stories” (1997). This allows us to present an in-depth analysis of the main elements of their works, since a single frame or episode is typical for representation of great artists’ works. The author analyzes the male and female archetype, as well as the prototypes of the Child and the Elder implemented in the films. The directors’ appeal to them is dictated by logic, since, according to C. Jung, patterns, being part of the collective unconscious, are universal at the same time when creating and reading a work.

SEMANTIC AND TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF CALLS

The article is devoted to consideration of main results of semantic and textual analysis of calls in the modern Ukrainian socio-political discourse. Forensic linguistic (semantic and textual) examination of speech to identify statements expressed as calls is one of the most relevant ones while pre-trial investigation and trial of criminal proceedings.
 The Article purpose is defining of a subject and object in forensic linguistic (semantic and textual) examination of writing, analysis of publicity criterion as one of fundamental during the establishment of appeal illocution in text content.
 The research was conducted on the basis of general scientific methods as well as on the basis of linguistics special methods and techniques, namely, using the method of observation, method of linguistic-stylistic analysis of a text, method of modeling, methods of semantic-syntactic and lexical-grammatical analysis, etc. Communicative intention of the author of the research in general was established with the help of the discursive method and the method of intent-analysis.
 The main result of the study is to obtain practical data on establishing the role of connotations of verbs of different modes of action in the structure of calls. The analysis of utterances with such a component as an indirect appeal is significant, its grammatical features are determined, and competence boundaries of a forensic expert in the field of forensic linguistic examination of a text are reflected in the article. It is established that nominalization is often used in the structure of constructions with the call illocution which belongs to the transformational speech process of transforming words of the verb grammatical form into a noun structural unit. The main characteristics of such types of appeals common in modern Ukrainian socio-political communicative discourse as call-slogan, call-appeal, call-program, evaluation-motivational call, etc., are outlined in the article. It is proved that main factors influencing type differences of calls are their semantic load and grammatical design.
 So far, the results of linguistic, semantic-textual research of appeals are the basis of a single algorithm for the study of speech structures of this type, they are relevant and significant for modern forensic practice.