Discrete Production Research Articles

Innovative System for Scheduling Production Using a Combination of Parametric Simulation Models

The article deals with the design of an innovative system for scheduling piece and small series discrete production using a combination of parametric simulation models and selected optimization methods. An innovative system for solving production scheduling problems is created based on data from a real production system at the workshop level. The methodology of the innovative system using simulation and optimization methods deals with the sequential scheduling problem due to its versatility, which includes several production systems and due to the fact that in practice, several modifications to production scheduling problems are encountered. Proposals of individual modules of the innovative system with the proposed communication channels have been presented, which connect the individual elements of the created library of objects for solving problems of sequential production scheduling. With the help of created communication channels, it is possible to apply individual parameters of a real production system directly to the assembled simulation model. In this system, an initial set of optimization methods is deployed, which can be applied to solve the sequential problem of production scheduling. The benefit of the solution is an innovative system that defines the content of the necessary data for working with the innovative system and the design of output reports that the proposed system provides for production planning for the production shopfloor level. The DPSS system works with several optimization methods (CR—Critical Ratio, S/RO—Slack/Remaining Operations, FDD—Flow Due Date, MWKR—Most Work Remaining, WSL—Waiting Slack, OPFSLK/PK—Operational Flow Slack per Processing Time) and the simulation experiments prove that the most suitable solution for the FT10 problem is the critical ratio method in which the replaceability of the equipment was not considered. The total length of finding all solutions by the DPSS system was 1.68 min. The main benefit of the DPSS system is the combination of two effectively used techniques not only in practice, but also in research; the mentioned techniques are production scheduling and discrete computer simulation. By combining techniques, it is possible to generate a dynamically and interactively changing simulated production program. Subsequently, it is possible to decide in the emerging conditions of certainty, uncertainty, but also risk. To determine the conditions, models of production systems are used, which represent physical production systems with their complex internal processes. Another benefit of combining techniques is the ability to evaluate a production system with a number of emerging problem modifications.

Data-Space Inversion With a Recurrent Autoencoder for Naturally Fractured Systems

Data-space inversion (DSI) is a data assimilation procedure that directly generates posterior flow predictions, for time series of interest, without calibrating model parameters. No forward flow simulation is performed in the data assimilation process. DSI instead uses the prior data generated by performingO(1000)simulations on prior geomodel realizations. Data parameterization is useful in the DSI framework as it enables representation of the correlated time-series data quantities in terms of low-dimensional latent-space variables. In this work, a recently developed parameterization based on a recurrent autoencoder (RAE) is applied with DSI for a real naturally fractured reservoir. The parameterization, involving the use of a recurrent neural network and an autoencoder, is able to capture important correlations in the time-series data. RAE training is accomplished using flow simulation results for 1,350 prior model realizations. An ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA) is applied to provide posterior DSI data samples. The modeling in this work is much more complex than that considered in previous DSI studies as it includes multiple 3D discrete fracture realizations, three-phase flow, tracer injection and production, and complicated field-management logic leading to frequent well shut-in and reopening. Results for the reconstruction of new simulation data (not seen in training), using both the RAE-based parameterization and a simpler approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) with histogram transformation, are presented. The RAE-based procedure is shown to provide better accuracy for these data reconstructions. Detailed posterior DSI results are then presented for a particular “true” model (which is outside the prior ensemble), and summary results are provided for five additional “true” models that are consistent with the prior ensemble. These results again demonstrate the advantages of DSI with RAE-based parameterization for this challenging fractured reservoir case.

Demand Response for Industrial Micro-Grid Considering Photovoltaic Power Uncertainty and Battery Operational Cost

An intelligent demand response (DR) program is developed for multi-energy industrial micro-grid consisting of manufacturing facilities, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery energy storage system (BESS). The proposed DR program tackles the practical challenges of components in the micro-grid including industrial process represented by a discrete manufacturing production model, uncertainty of PV generation, and operational cost of the BESS. The proposed DR program optimizes day-ahead production scheduling for manufacturing facilities and operation regime for the BESS in response to time of use electricity price and probabilistic forecasting of PV power. To capture the uncertainty of PV power, a data-driven PV power probabilistic forecasting model is developed and a copula-based approach is deployed for the sampling of temporally correlated scenarios of PV power over the scheduling horizon from probabilistic forecasts. The multi-energy management optimization problem is formulated as a scenario-based stochastic nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). A hybrid optimization method integrating the evolutionary algorithm and the branch-and-bound algorithm for mixed integer liner programming is proposed to solve the nonconvex MINLP. Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed DR program efficiently reduces the operational cost for manufacturing production and releases the stress of the main grid by making full use of flexibility of all the components in the micro-grid.

Методика оценки эффективности цифровизации производственных процессов нефтехимического предприятия

The fourth industrial revolution promotes a radical transition of chemical-technological systems to a new fifth technological paradigm. The radical transformation of value added chains through the digitalization of processes and products of chemical technological systems raises the urgent issue of staffing in a dynamically changing environment. In the course of studying the processes of digitalization of petrochemical industries, a low level of assessment of the efficiency of production processes digitalization was revealed. The paper considers approaches to assessing the organization of production, some indicators of assessing the efficiency of digitalization at industrial enterprises, a methodology for diagnosing the technological development of discrete production of continuous type. The study offers a method for assessing the efficiency of digitalization of production processes of continuous type, in particular, at petrochemical enterprises, and introduces the system of indicators of organizing digital main and auxiliary industries, the indicators being grouped into an integral indicator. The proposed methodology underlies the information system for monitoring the level of digitalization of production processes of a petrochemical enterprise and is an important tool in the implementation of the digital transformation strategy of enterprises

Оптимизация сборочного производства на основе имитации сетей Петри

The paper describes the approach to solving the problem of optimal planning of the production process. A discrete production system represented by the operations of machining, welding and painting was chosen as the object of research. The study states the problem of optimization of assembly production, which contains a typical criterion of optimality. A mechanism for meeting the criterion using a simulation model based on a Petri net is determined. The rules for developing feedback on the state of the network model and a method for controlling the simulation of the Petri net based on the analysis of its states are given. A binary function is used to analyze the states of the model. The developed approach to process optimization develops the theory of Petri nets, makes it more suitable for modeling complex systems with a branched structure and a large number of interconnections, which is a typical situation for production systems. The most universal approaches of control theory, e.g. feedback principle, are used, which implies a significant degree of universality and replicability of the approach. On the basis of the developed theoretical provisions, a test example is presented that characterizes the effect of their application. The presence of assembly production at most mechanical-engineering enterprises determines the high practical significance of the developed approach

Generation of orthogonal rational functions by procedures for structured matrices

The problem of computing recurrence coefficients of sequences of rational functions orthogonal with respect to a discrete inner product is formulated as an inverse eigenvalue problem for a pencil of Hessenberg matrices. Two procedures are proposed to solve this inverse eigenvalue problem, via the rational Arnoldi iteration and via an updating procedure using unitary similarity transformations. The latter is shown to be numerically stable. This problem and both procedures are generalized by considering biorthogonal rational functions with respect to a bilinear form. This leads to an inverse eigenvalue problem for a pencil of tridiagonal matrices. A tridiagonal pencil implies short recurrence relations for the biorthogonal rational functions, which is more efficient than the orthogonal case. However the procedures solving this problem must rely on nonunitary operations and might not be numerically stable.

A simple and complete discrete exterior calculus on general polygonal meshes

Discrete exterior calculus (DEC) offers a coordinate–free discretization of exterior calculus especially suited for computations on curved spaces. In this work, we present an extended version of DEC on surface meshes formed by general polygons that bypasses the need for combinatorial subdivision and does not involve any dual mesh. At its core, our approach introduces a new polygonal wedge product that is compatible with the discrete exterior derivative in the sense that it satisfies the Leibniz product rule. Based on the discrete wedge product, we then derive a novel primal–to–primal Hodge star operator. Combining these three ‘basic operators’ we then define new discrete versions of the contraction operator and Lie derivative, codifferential and Laplace operator. We discuss the numerical convergence of each one of these proposed operators and compare them to existing DEC methods. Finally, we show simple applications of our operators on Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition, Laplacian surface fairing, and Lie advection of functions and vector fields on meshes formed by general polygons.

Evaluating health service outcomes of public involvement in health service design in high-income countries: a systematic review

BackgroundInternationally, it is expected that health services will involve the public in health service design. Evaluation of public involvement has typically focused on the process and experiences for participants. Less is known about outcomes for health services. The aim of this systematic review was to a) identify and synthesise what is known about health service outcomes of public involvement and b) document how outcomes were evaluated.MethodsSearches were undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL for studies that reported health service outcomes from public involvement in health service design. The review was limited to high-income countries and studies in English. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and critical appraisal guidelines for assessing the quality and impact of user involvement in health research. Content analysis was used to determine the outcomes of public involvement in health service design and how outcomes were evaluated.ResultsA total of 93 articles were included. The majority were published in the last 5 years, were qualitative, and were located in the United Kingdom. A range of health service outcomes (discrete products, improvements to health services and system/policy level changes) were reported at various levels (service level, across services, and across organisations). However, evaluations of outcomes were reported in less than half of studies. In studies where outcomes were evaluated, a range of methods were used; most frequent were mixed methods. The quality of study design and reporting was inconsistent.ConclusionWhen reporting public involvement in health service design authors outline a range of outcomes for health services, but it is challenging to determine the extent of outcomes due to inadequate descriptions of study design and poor reporting. There is an urgent need for evaluations, including longitudinal study designs and cost-benefit analyses, to fully understand outcomes from public involvement in health service design.

Exact and WKB-approximate distributions in a gene expression model with feedback in burst frequency, burst size, and protein stability

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The expression of individual genes into functional protein molecules is a noisy dynamical process. Here we model the protein concentration as a jump-drift process which combines discrete stochastic production bursts (jumps) with continuous deterministic decay (drift). We allow the drift rate, the jump rate, and the jump size to depend on the protein level to implement feedback in protein stability, burst frequency, and burst size. We specifically focus on positive feedback in burst size, while allowing for arbitrary autoregulation in burst frequency and protein stability. Two versions of feedback in burst size are thereby considered: in the first, newly produced molecules instantly participate in feedback, even within the same burst; in the second, within-burst regulation does not occur due to the so-called infinitesimal delay. Without infinitesimal delay, the model is explicitly solvable; with its inclusion, an exact distribution to the model is unavailable, but we are able to construct a WKB approximation that applies in the asymptotic regime of small but frequent bursts. Comparing the asymptotic behaviour of the two model versions, we report that they yield the same WKB quasi-potential but a different exponential prefactor. We illustrate the difference on the case of a bimodal protein distribution sustained by a sigmoid feedback in burst size: we show that the omission of the infinitesimal delay overestimates the weight of the upper mode of the protein distribution. The analytic results are supported by kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations.</p>

Cognitive and Motor Learning in Internally-Guided Motor Skills.

Several canonical experimental paradigms (e.g., serial reaction time task, discrete sequence production task, m × n task) have been proposed to study the typical behavioral phenomenon and the nature of learning in sequential keypress tasks. A characteristic feature of most paradigms is that they are representative of externally-specified sequencing—motor tasks where the environment or task paradigm extrinsically provides the sequence of stimuli, i.e., the responses are stimulus-driven. Previous studies utilizing such canonical paradigms have largely overlooked the learning behaviors in a more realistic class of motor tasks that involve internally-guided sequencing—where the sequence of motor actions is self-generated or internally-specified. In this work, we use the grid-navigation task as an instance of internally-guided sequencing to investigate the nature of learning in such paradigms. The participants performed Grid-Sailing Task (GST), which required navigating (by executing sequential keypresses) a 5 × 5 grid from start to goal (SG) position while using a particular key-mapping (KM) among the three cursor-movement directions and the three keyboard buttons. The participants performed two behavioral experiments—Single-SG and Mixed-SG condition. The Single-SG condition required performing GST on a single SG position repeatedly, whereas the Mixed-SG condition involved performing GST using the same KM on two novel SG positions presented in a random, inter-mixed manner. In the Single-SG condition, we show that motor learning contributes to the sequence-specific learning in GST with the repeated execution of the same trajectories. In the Mixed-SG condition, since the participants utilize the previously learned KM, we anticipate a transfer of learning from the Single-SG condition. The acquisition and transfer of a KM-specific internal model facilitates efficient trajectory planning on novel SG conditions. The acquisition of such a KM-specific internal model amounts to trajectory-independent cognitive learning in GST. We show that cognitive learning contributes to the learning in GST by showing transfer-related performance improvements in the Mixed-SG condition. In sum, we show the role of cognitive and motor learning processes in internally-guided sequencing and further make a case for using GST-like grid-navigation paradigms in investigating internally guided skill learning.

An Abstraction-Free Method for Multirobot Temporal Logic Optimal Control Synthesis

The majority of existing linear temporal logic (LTL) planning methods rely on the construction of a discrete product automaton, which combines a discrete abstraction of robot mobility and a Büchi automaton that captures the LTL specification. Representing this product automaton as a graph and using graph search techniques, optimal plans that satisfy the LTL task can be synthesized. However, constructing expressive discrete abstractions makes the synthesis problem computationally intractable. In this article, we propose a new sampling-based LTL planning algorithm that does not require any discrete abstraction of robot mobility. Instead, it incrementally builds trees that explore the product state-space, until a maximum number of iterations is reached or a feasible plan is found. The use of trees makes data storage and graph search tractable, which significantly increases the scalability of our algorithm. To accelerate the construction of feasible plans, we introduce bias in the sampling process, which is guided by transitions in the Büchi automaton that belong to the shortest path to the accepting states. We show that our planning algorithm, with and without bias, is probabilistically complete and asymptotically optimal. Finally, we present numerical experiments showing that our method outperforms relevant temporal logic planning methods.

Cloud based data management for experiential products: a case study on motion pictures

Product complexity is on the rise with the advancing technological progresses and improved customer demands. This resulted in the implementation of finest technologies and philosophies in the product development arena. Product Data Management (PDM) is one such promising area contributing to the cost-saving, quality and time aspects of product development. Currently, the applications of PDM are mostly limited to the discrete products. In this work it is attempted to bring the experiential product domain too under the purview of PDM. The case of motion picture is taken for studying the application of PDM to the experiential product domain. The comparability of motion pictures with any generic discrete product is confirmed in this study and the necessity of a system for Motion Picture Data Management (MPDM) is established. Cloud-based Motion Picture Data Management system is proposed as a solution for the requirements in motion picture development. Functionalities, components, and architecture of the system are described in this work.

Frontal brain areas are more involved during motor imagery than during motor execution/preparation of a response sequence

Results of several neuroimaging studies support the functional equivalence model, which states that motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) involve the same processes, except for the final execution component. In contrast, the motor-cognitive model implies that MI additionally involves frontal executive control processes. However, according to some authors MI may actually be more comparable to motor preparation (MP). In the current electroencephalographic study, a version of the discrete sequence production paradigm was employed in which human participants initially had to prepare a sequence of five finger movements that subsequently had to be executed, imagined, or withheld. MI, ME, and MP were compared by computing event-related (de)-synchronization in the theta, alpha/mu, and beta bands. Results revealed a major increase in frontal theta power during MI as compared to ME and MP. At the end of the examined intervals, a posterior reduction in alpha power was present during ME and MP, but not during MI. Finally, above sensorimotor areas a decrease in beta power was observed that was most pronounced in the case of ME. The increase of frontal theta activity during MI may reflect increased effort, while the absence of a reduction in posterior alpha power suggests no major involvement of visuospatial attention and/or visual imagery. The present findings favor the motor-cognitive model, as it predicts extra involvement of frontal executive processes during MI.

Motor Chunking in Internally Guided Sequencing.

Motor skill learning involves the acquisition of sequential motor movements with practice. Studies have shown that we learn to execute these sequences efficiently by chaining several elementary actions in sub-sequences called motor chunks. Several experimental paradigms, such as serial reaction task, discrete sequence production, and m × n task, have investigated motor chunking in externally specified sequencing where the environment or task paradigm provides the sequence of stimuli, i.e., the responses are stimulus driven. In this study, we examine motor chunking in a class of more realistic motor tasks that involve internally guided sequencing where the sequence of motor actions is self-generated or internally specified. We employ a grid-navigation task as an exemplar of internally guided sequencing to investigate practice-driven performance improvements due to motor chunking. The participants performed the grid-sailing task (GST) (Fermin et al., 2010), which required navigating (by executing sequential keypresses) a 10 × 10 grid from start to goal position while using a particular type of key mapping between the three cursor movement directions and the three keyboard buttons. We provide empirical evidence for motor chunking in grid-navigation tasks by showing the emergence of subject-specific, unique temporal patterns in response times. Our findings show spontaneous chunking without pre-specified or externally guided structures while replicating the earlier results with a less constrained, internally guided sequencing paradigm.

Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States ed. by Shirley Samuels

Reviewed by: Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States ed. by Shirley Samuels Frederick C. Staidum Jr. Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States. Edited by Shirley Samuels. (Lanham, Md., and other cities: Lexington Books, 2019. Pp. xii, 224. $95.00, ISBN 978-1-4985-7311-5.) Visual culture, and vision itself, have long been central to the development of modern racial formations. From exotic illustrations of Indigenous peoples framing early modern maps to the famed casta paintings depicting a taxonomy of new American race mixtures, visuals of so-called corporeal and moral difference and inferiority traversed the Atlantic, presenting discernible evidence used to rationalize colonization and enslavement. As early modern definitions of race collided with the liberalism and humanism of the post-Revolutionary United States, visual culture became increasingly important in resolving philosophical hypocrisies and codifying the color line. The grotesquery of minstrel makeup and costuming and the anthropological realism of Louis Agassiz’s photography capturing nude enslaved people are great examples. Across the nineteenth century, these objects and performances, through the techniques unique to the visual (for example, composition, light, color, scale, and so on), dictated how physical human difference was perceived and what philosophical, political, and cultural meanings were attached to those differences. In recent years, scholars have offered important monographs and essay collections addressing the intersection of race and a single visual medium in the nineteenth century, such as photography, painting, or sculpture; however, there has been an infrequency of work simultaneously addressing the particular modalities of multiple media. Through astute editorship (or dare I say curation), Shirley Samuels has assembled an excellent collection, Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States, which offers far-reaching case studies of myriad forms, such as land surveying, theatrical staging, sheet music, stereography, and literature, attending to the distinct properties of each. Samuels is a professor of English and American studies at Cornell University, where she also chaired the History of Art Department from 2006 to 2012. She is a prolific scholar of gender, race, and literary and visual cultures of the nineteenth century, having previously published several volumes on the subject, including Facing America: Iconography and the Civil War (New York, 2004). The individual contributors are experts and practitioners in photography, art history, literary criticism, folklore studies, and architecture. Thanks to this interdisciplinarity, the collection produces a wide-ranging, albeit episodic, [End Page 137] cultural and intellectual history of how people living in nineteenth-century United States came to see race and difference. The collection is composed of twelve essays; taken together, the essays contend that technological innovations in science, engineering, and aesthetics that emerged throughout the nineteenth century radically influenced and reoriented the perception of who were and could be U.S. citizens. These technologies changed how humans saw and what they expected to see—that is to say, vision. Throughout the book’s introduction, Samuels deploys vision and visualizing as central analytical concepts and objects of study, which encapsulate all sorts of visual sensations from physical ocular function of the human eye to the figurative language of literature and other media. In this way, Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States is much less about visual culture as a discrete product; rather, it foregrounds the ways those visibly rendered products are tethered to and constituted by the processes, instruments, and conditions—social and otherwise—by which we see. Further, the essays collectively assert that the intersection of vision and technology informed racial formations “in alternately democratic and anti-democratic” ways (p. 1). The essays are arranged into two discrete yet interrelated thematic sections—“Articulate Spaces” and “Democratic Visions.” The first section undertakes the entanglements of race, vision, and spatiality or the social construction of space and its organization by way of human interactions and behavior. For example, Irene Cheng, in the opening chapter, demonstrates how Thomas Jefferson’s strategies for both territorial and architectural design consummated “his ideal of a liberal, agrarian republic” in particularly exclusionary and oppressive ways (p. 17). Jefferson’s rational, grid-like geographical patterns validated the land tenure system and the subsequent displacement of Native Americans, while his similarly rational octagonal house plan enabled the...

A Pugh Matrix based product development model for increased small design team efficiency

This study proposes a new product development model for small design teams with limited resources, based on the Pugh Matrix. The purpose is to address the various known shortcomings of Pugh Matrix by providing the ability to logically define criteria relationships and weightings and by evaluating new concepts against chosen reference solutions per criterion instead of evaluating against discrete products, thus increasing team effectiveness. The practicality of the proposed model was investigated through a case study, development of a contemporary wall tile based on the traditional Turkish ceramic designs. Findings indicated that a systematic exploratory phase enhanced the understanding of the design problem and its constituents, contributed to the design team’s overall efficacy; the utilization of iterative evaluations revealed the strengths and deficiencies of each design alternative in terms of criteria groups as well as individual criteria; the ability to track criteria relationships revealed the possible impacts of each design decision.

Design and Implementation of MES for Discrete Manufacturing Workshop of an Aerospace Enterprise

MES belongs to the production execution system of manufacturing enterprises. When applied to the production process, MES can effectively promote the construction of enterprise information and improve the market competitiveness of enterprises. This paper takes the discrete manufacturing workshop of an aerospace company as the research object, aiming at the characteristics of its multi-variety, small batch, and discrete production, combining the current production management status of the workshop and the functional requirements of information business, guided by advanced concepts such as lean production Thought, proposed the MES system architecture design plan, built an aerospace enterprise discrete manufacturing workshop MES. The system mainly includes process management, material management, equipment management, plan management, special process management, quality management, data collection and other functions. The system opens up the production process data link, realizes process visualization, material life cycle management, and fine production equipment management, production planning process control, special process monitoring and tracking, process quality data analysis, and automatic collection of generated equipment data. And the system have formed a digital analysis platform suitable for aerospace discrete manufacturing workshops, solving the actual production management problems of aerospace enterprises’ discrete manufacturing workshops and improving It improves the information management level and production efficiency of the workshop, and provides ideas for the leap-forward improvement and development of the production and manufacturing capacity of the enterprise.

АРХИТЕКТУРА ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЖИЗНЕННЫМ ЦИКЛОМ ЦИФРОВОГО ДВОЙНИКА ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The relationship of the Industry 4.0 concept with cyber-physical systems and digital twins is described. The analysis of the capabilities of modern information systems of discrete and continuous production for the creation of digital twins of production is presented. The stages of creating a digital twin of production are proposed, taking into account the requirements of standards for the development of automated control systems for continuous technological processes. Using the use case diagram, the functionality and requirements for the subsystems of the information system are determined. The architecture of the information system for managing the life cycle of a continuous technological process was developed.

Describing Structure and Complex Interactions in Multi-Agent-Based Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

The description of structure and complex interactions in Multi-agent-based Industrial Cyber-physical (MAS-ICPS) systems has been elusively addressed in the literature. Existing works, grounded on model-based engineering, have been successful at characterizing and solving system integration problems. However, they fail to describe accurately the collective and dynamic execution behaviour of large and complex industrial systems, particularly in more discrete production domains, such as: automotive, home appliances, aerospace, food and beverages, etc. In these domains, the execution flow diverts dynamically due to production disturbances, custom orders, fluctuations in demand in mixed model production, faults, quality-control and product rework, etc. These dynamic conditions require re-allocation and reconfiguration of production resources, redirection of production flows, re-scheduling of orders, etc. A meta-model for describing the structure and complex interactions in MAS-ICPS is defined in this paper. This contribution goes beyond the State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) as the proposed meta-model describes structure, as many other literature contributions, but also describes the execution behaviour of arbitrarily complex interactions. The previous is achieved with the introduction of general execution flow control operators in the meta-model. These operators cover, among other aspects, delegation of the execution flow and dynamic decision making. Additionally, the contribution also goes beyond the SOTA by including validation mechanisms for the models generated by the meta-model. Finally, the contribution adds to the current literature by providing a meta-model focusing on production execution and not just on describing the structural connectivity aspects of ICPSs.

СИСТЕМА МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ РАБОТЫ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО СКЛАДА В ДИСКРЕТНОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

The article discusses the functions of the warehouse subsystem of industrial production of a discrete type, describes the graph and simulation models of the functioning of an automated warehouse of a small–scale machine–building enterprise. The structure of the software implementation of the subsystem is proposed. As a result of a computer experiment, the adequacy of the presented models was verified. Variants of possible experimental studies of the modeling system to improve the efficiency of discrete production processes are proposed.