Psychological Discourse Research Articles

Figuring Korean Futures: Children's Literature in Modern Korea by Dafna Zur

Reviewed by: Figuring Korean Futures: Children's Literature in Modern Korea by Dafna Zur Sonya F. Zabala (bio) Figuring Korean Futures: Children's Literature in Modern Korea by Dafna Zur. California: Stanford University Press, 2017. Digital ISBN: 9781503603110. 304 pages. $65. Zur's Figuring Korean Futures is a study of the emergence and the development of children's literature in postmodern era of Korea, and it explores how notions of childhood became a symbolic meaning of Korean nationalism. The book begins with a central question: How did a specific, modern form of children's literature emerge in Korea and how did this emergence impact the consciousness of people who were negotiating contested spaces between a Japanese military occupation and a Western intellectual imperialism, and an independent national Korean identity. In looking at the child as a symbol for Korean nationalism and childhood as a social construct, Zur discusses how the concept of the child moved from the periphery to the centrality of Korean culture, which captured a point in time when children became visible, and intellectually and affectively distinct from adults. From a critical perspective, Zur's work offers an analysis of the social, political, and ideological forces and structures that produce and constrain children's literature in postcolonial Korea. Zur traces pre-European contact ideology and the literary artifacts of tongsim—the natural, unadulterated "child-heart," (pp. 48–98) to its first textual and visual production in children's periodicals in colonial Korea. Zur argues that children's literature written at the height of modernity emerged while under Japanese occupation beginning at the end of the Korean dynasty in 1910 and lasting until 1945 at the end of World War II. Adult authors during this time period celebrated the child as a protagonist for the future. This time period in Korea prompted the production of a children's literature, and transcribed visual and textual images that centered around past, present, and potential futures. Zur further argues that children's literature in modern Korea was affected by East and West intellectualism, and educational and psychological discourses more generally. The first three chapters explore how notions of childhood in this genre became symbolic for Korean nationalism. Zur presents two frameworks of childhood: the politics and aesthetics of youth and the emergence of stylized text and images shaping the development of children's periodicals. First, the aesthetics of youth is explained as the child entering a different world from that of adults all together. The concept of tongsim (child-heart) was thought to be innocent and pure, a heart that was considered a space of "privilege" which was affectively closer to nature than "acculturated [End Page 204] adults" (p. 6). Second, the politically and ideologically motivated bond between child and nature as opposed to overt political messages and symbols represented a "discursive shift" (p. 49) in children's literature creating the conditions for tongsim. Here, the concept of tongsim positioned youth as central agents for nationalist and future identity against a Japanese military occupation, and alongside child-friendly text and images. For example, images of "playing soldier" captures a 6-year-old boy holding a rifle and at war with a chicken (p. 131). The image is followed by the words of its poem, "He comes after the chicken,/Toy rifle aimed high,/In hot pursuit of his enemy" (p. 132), reflecting an aspirational childhood toward adulthood and simultaneous wartime sentiment. The following two chapters illustrate the use of literature to create a pro-Japanese imperial and assimilationist identity. Chapter 4 begins with an examination of a proletarian-styled thought and aesthetic sought to capture the imagination of the oppressed. Zur posits, however, that socialist magazines failed to capture the child-heart and the intellectual and emotional developmental capacities of children. Chapter 5 highlights the militaristic rhetoric at the height of Japanese imperial policies. This rhetoric celebrated war along with attempts to eradicate Korean language and culture. For example, Korean children were forced to assume Japanese names and Japanese was made the official language of instruction. Wartime rhetoric, illustrations, and poetry also predisposed Korean children to see themselves as part of the greater Japanese empire and a more modern Korea. The final...

Brains

AbstractThe literary writings of the young Gottfried Benn are replete with images of anatomical dismemberment and biological decay while pushing the limits of linguistic expression. The article suggests that this confluence of naturalism and avant-garde experimentation is the result of Benn’s critical engagement with the modern life sciences, and in particular with the discourses of medicine and psychology. The article focuses on Benn’s so-called Rönne novellas, written between 1914 and 1916, arguing that they record and enact the disintegration of body and subjectivity through a medical discourse that gives way to an experimental prose freed from the constraints of reference and meaning.

Shameless Accounts: Against Psychological Subjectivity and Vulnerable Femininity Among Prisoners’ Wives in Israel

This article examines the accounts of prisoners’ wives in Israel regarding their relationships with social workers. Meetings with social workers are mandatory for wives to obtain benefits for their husbands and children. The principal findings describe the overt objection by the prisoners’ wives to the psychological discourse that the social workers offer, as well as the therapeutic subjectivity ideal, and the vulnerable femininity that accompanies this discourse. Furthermore, the article reveals the agentic decisions by these prisoners’ wives to switch from one resistance strategy (overt resistance) to another (compromise attempts), and then a third (strategic passing). The discussion section depicts the research singularity of our article in the context of the link between welfare, therapeutic governance, and resistance.

Aesthetic Experience Anchors Ego Identity Formation

The development of a coherent identity status, also referred to as ego identity, is critical during adolescence and early-adulthood. In the long run, an individual’s ego identity status may influence the sustainability of his or her well-being. Researchers have attempted to discover the predictors or factors correlated with one’s identity status. In that search, aesthetic experience, as a unique means of knowing oneself and the world, seemed to be overlooked. Philosophical and psychological discourses have asserted that aesthetic experience stimulated identity discovery and formation; this hypothesis, however, is not supported by strong quantitative evidence. Thus, an empirical study with a quantitative approach was conducted to examine whether those who have frequent aesthetic experiences are more likely to possess a mature ego identity. A sample of 758 valid questionnaires was collected. The results supported the argument that aesthetic experience favors the development of ego identity. In addition, this study revealed that sociodemographic backgrounds such as women, fine arts and design majors, and religious individuals were more likely to have a rich aesthetic life. The results imply that aesthetic experience serves as a crucial aspect that contributes to the wellness of personality development and promotes a healthy and sustainable quality of life.

Ethnographies of Therapeutic Governance and Agentic Resistance in Support Groups for Prisoner’s Wives

This article suggests expanding our understanding about the mundane use of therapeutic governance regarding welfare populations, through ethnographies of support groups for prisoners’ wives in Israel. The findings reveal that although prisoners’ wives meet the neoliberal ideal of financial independence (and therefore it is not possible to regulate them by discourse of need), they are regulated via the discourse of desire. The findings also disclose ethnographies of confrontations within all the meetings, and the agentic transition between resistance strategies (from overt conflict and challenging the psychological discourse, to negotiation and strategic passing). The discussion uncovers the ramifications of therapeutic governance, which defines inter alia therapeutic subjectivity via its requirement for nonpolitical awareness, within a welfare population that experiences daily oppression.

“Evangelical Psychologists”: religion and psychological professional activity in Brazil

My aim in the following paper was to analyze the relations evangelical psychologists make between their spirituality and professional practice and the appropriation of the psychological discourse by churches and ministries. The empirical research is realized in two stages; first 104 psychologists who are also evangelical Christians answered an electronic questionnaire; and then, five of them were selected to be interviewed. The results show that the influence of the evangelical faith varies from a total influence to a so called strict neutrality. Between these polarized positions, there are a variety of ambivalences that, in general, point out to a inseparability between a world view that is influenced by religion and the professional practice. Nevertheless, the professionals always highlight a need to suspend the judgment in order that the psychologist beliefs be not imposed to the patients.

Challenging Institutional Denial: Psychological Discourse, Therapeutic Culture and Public Inquiries

ABSTRACTThe damaging effects of abuse in childhood were repeatedly emphasised in public hearings and in media coverage of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Testimony from earlier Australian inquiries, which documented widespread experiences of child maltreatment, particularly in institutions, also underscored the ongoing and often intergenerational impact of abuse. Taking institutional child abuse inquiries as a case study, this article examines how psychological and therapeutic concepts have been mobilised politically. It argues that therapeutically oriented and psychologically informed cultural narratives of childhood trauma and its ongoing effects have provided a framework for making sense of long-term experiences of adversity and suffering and have enriched attention to “the question of justice” for survivors of historical institutional child abuse.

Stå upp för orten. Ungdomar, utanförskap och förortsdrömmar

[Standing up for the neighbourhood. Youth, exclusion and dreams for the future] Drawing on discourse psychology as analytical approach, Magnus Dahlstedt and James Frempong’s article draws attention to youth living in the “Area”, a stigmatized suburban area in Sweden. The aim is to investigate the ways in which the youth interpret their existence and create their identity in the Area, in relation to the expectations and interpretations of the surrounding society – about them as well as the Area. The analysis shows that youth talk about their existence in the Area in contrast to dominant discourses on suburban areas in the surrounding society. For the youth, the Area appears as a place where they feel at home. When they talk about the future, it is mainly individual scenarios directed at the Area that appears, while there is an absence of scenarios based on collective action directed towards the outside world. Thus, according to such reasoning, for change to be possible, the youth have to take responsibility and stand up for themselves. Publication history: Published original. (Published 28 May 2018) Citation: Dahlstedt, Magnus & James Frempong (2018) “Stå upp för orten. Ungdomar, utanförskap och förortsdrömmar”, in Platskamp , special issue of Arkiv. Tidskrift för samhällsanalys , issue 9, pp. 27–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.9.1

ГОТОВНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ДОКТОРА ФІЛОСОФІЇ ДО ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКО-ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the essenceof the concept of “readiness of the future PHD forresearch and innovation activity”. This concept is newfor psychological and pedagogical discourse. Thetheoretical analysis of adjacent concepts was made:“readiness for professional activity”, “readiness forprofessional innovation activity”, “readiness forinnovative pedagogical activity”. It is shown thatreadiness for professional innovation activity isconditioned by factors such as: operational readiness,which means mastering the technology ofimplementation of innovation activity, which includes aset of professional knowledge, skills, methods andtechniques that will guarantee the process ofgeneration, development and dissemination ofinnovations; the formation of professional andinnovative qualities that determine personal readinessfor transformation, which we understand as themotivational and volitional qualities of an individual, theability to creative thinking and reflection, and the desirefor self-development and self-improvement; theavailability of innovative environment that createsconditions for collective interaction and promotes themost complete disclosure of the innovative potentialand creative activity of the individual. The analysis ofscientific sources has demonstrated the complexityand multi-vector approach to the discovery of theconcept of “readiness for innovative professionalactivity”, which scientists treat as a system, personalquality, personal position, personal status, integratedquality of the individual, integrative formation.According to the results of the theoretical researches,it was determined that the readiness of future PhD forresearch and innovation activity is the integrativequality of the individual, characterized by the existinginnovative and professional qualities, as well asoperational readiness for productive activities aimed atthe creation, development and the dissemination ofnew knowledge, the effectiveness of which greatlyincreases in an innovative environment.

Trance Speakers: Femininity and Authorship in Spiritual Séances, 1850–1930 by Claudie Massicotte

Reviewed by: Trance Speakers: Femininity and Authorship in Spiritual Séances, 1850–1930 by Claudie Massicotte S. Brooke Cameron Claudie Massicotte, Trance Speakers: Femininity and Authorship in Spiritual Séances, 1850–1930. McGill-Queen's up, 2017. Who knew that Susanna Moodie dabbled in séances? I certainly didn't. But after reading Trance Speakers on the link between the supernatural arts and women's social empowerment, I can certainly see why the Canadian author was drawn to such spiritualist practices. Massicotte argues that through trance speaking, many female mediums "were able to publically voice ideas and arguments for the advancement of women's rights while preserving their identities as true women" (9). In pursuit of this argument, Trance Speakers intervenes in the growing critical conversation on nineteenth-century spiritualism by shifting the focus to North America and Canadian women, specifically. The study is notable in its attempt to take trance speaking seriously. Although not a defense of the supernatural arts, neither is the book an accusation of fraud against the women who practised mediumship; rather, Trance Speakers is focused on the cultural forces that drew women to trance as a means to power and social authority (13). To make this argument, the book adheres to a two-part structure: the [End Page 133] first on the historical and theoretical accounts of female mediumship and the second on femininity and authorship among Canadian trance speakers. The first chapter looks at the major cultural debates and attitudes surrounding trance speaking in nineteenth-century Canada. Massicotte cites transnational influences, such as the Fox sisters' importation of the séance from the U.S. in the 1850s (attended by Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Trail), to continental influences such as Emma Harding Britten, the English advocate of spiritualism who toured Canada giving public talks. But this burgeoning spiritualist movement was also the target of critique in the press and within religious communities. The latter group included Evangelicals, Methodists, and the Catholic Church. Massicotte explains how the spiritualist movement benefited from the Victorian crisis in faith following the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species (1859), and for this reason it was perceived as a threat to religious orthodoxy. Catholics, for example, suggested that the spirits conjured through séances were evil (32) or satanic threats (32), in an effort to deter people from joining the spiritualist movement. Despite such critiques from dominant social and political forces, spiritualism still managed to evolve from a fringe movement on the margins into a serious platform for women looking to rethink gender roles and female authority in the nineteenth century. The second chapter shifts our attention from historical to theoretical contexts. Massicotte is specifically interested in adapting psychological discourses in order to explain this feminist engagement with spiritualism. "[C]ontemporary studies have largely focused on the cultural impacts of séances," she explains, whereas "authors of the time were fascinated by the authorial voice of spiritual communications," and thus they "put forward new theories of subjectivity through their attempts to explain the spirits' mysterious identities" (43). This chapter charts medical professionals' efforts to exert authority over women's bodies by labeling the unruly a so-called "hysteric." Yet even Freud recognized some kind of curative potential in trance speaking (athough he later switched from hypnosis to the talking cure); "mediums revealed the secrets of the mind" and "made way for new discoveries and provided new interpretations of subjectivity that transformed the definition and treatment of madness" (60). Drawing largely on work by French feminists like Luce Irigaray, Massicotte argues that psychoanalysis, given its early affinity with forms of trance speaking, thus proves useful in thinking through the medium's complicated relationship to language and a symbolic that typically privilege the unified or singular subject. [End Page 134] The second part of the book, on "Femininity and Authorship Among Canadian and Transnational Mediums," begins with chapter 3 on the relationship between mediums and medicine. Massicotte recounts the story of Anna O. (Pappenheim) whose blocked speech could be traced back to her frustrations with gender roles. According to Massicotte, Anna O. serves as a powerful example of orthodox medicine's fight for authority by labeling as "hysteric" those women...

Consciousness as a framework condition of cognition and methodologization

Actual problem of modern philosophical and psychological discourse is the desire to know the ontological nature of consciousness and thus understand its phenomenal pleroma (which means completeness, multiplicity) representation in everyday life of the human being, that becomes one of the most important tasks as a theoretical psychology, and in fact applied, primarily experimental. It is convincingly proved in the article that the mentioned problem can be solved only on the new philosophical-methodological grounds that think actively allow to achieve significantly different level-foreshortening of professional methodologization and simultaneously open still unexplored horizons of essential cognition as non-natural (the substantial, subjective, self-sufficient) reality. In the author’s experience of theorizing it means the creation of highly complex methodological optics which involves at least four lens modules into a single multi-function construction which makes it possible on the principles of complementarity to combine intellectual means of universal (vita-cultural methodology), general (research program of professional methodologization), special (cyclically-step approach) and single (methodology of paradigmal researches in psychology). In addition, starting to “declassify” the essential layers of consciousness, we must reckon with the five-segment organization of the world of modern psychology when a psychologist-researcher in one person every minute claiming the actual course of the flow of its life consciousness, appears as a theorist, and methodologist, and enlightener, and experienced practitioner, and the designer of its Self, self-individuality. Actualization of marked cycles or rhythms of vision, that is the discretion of the meaning in aforementioned positioning of psychologist, gives reason to conclude about the essence of existential matter of individual consciousness, namely about its ideal semantic horizon, which is formed as a local organization from the depths of the potential objectivity. That’s intentional acts of personal existence, thanks to the strenuous action of the thought-experiences, correlate situational eventfulness of awareness and meaning-certainty of the human life. At the same, modes of personal awareness, operating ideally filled material of intentionally localized objectivity in isolation from the objects of the material world, are causing partial or total identifying earlier worked out by him sense-schemes, meanings, values. Innovative forms of methodologization (seminars, sessions, orgactive games and other step-imitation organization) allow purposefully designing intensive group thought communication and thus actualize the unknown spaces of consciousness as the existential-being givens. We are talking primarily about a holistic architectonic of concepts which in the author’s reflection on the level of categorical concepts (“method”, “thinking”, “methodologization”, “methodological thinking”, “methodological activity”, “think activity”, “methodology”) is organized as a binary thought scheme in which to consciousness and self-consciousness there is a space of fifth – the transcendental – element; as a result, these categorical concepts represent the highest (transcendental, in fact spiritual) forms of the existential human presence in the world. Moreover, to the consciousness as “the most obvious non-obviousness” inherent paradox, problem-dialogical rhythm of situational continuous existence that is determined by that internal stress which outlined limit sense-forms of spectra of vector reasoning and natural diversity of signification and evaluation. That’s why consciousness is a framework condition as psychological knowledge, requiring perfect supernatural reflexivity and any other (philosophical, scientific, applied) methodologization which is impossible without specially created intellectual tools and instruments. The universal fact from the life of consciousness that has acquired the status of the law is the inevitability of name or naming from which the genetically primary forms of the manifestation of the conscious ability of a person to be - concepts, constructs, categories are begun, and from which appears existentially open, bifurcation duality of the intentional existence of this ability on the verge of modes of noumenal and phenomenal, external and internal, material and ideal. On this basis, the beyond-subjectivity and superculturalism of the sphere of consciousness is appeared, that self-eliminates through the ability of transcendence, fills the beyond-objective gap or corridor of the being as the state of an actually spontaneous, albeit missed, experience of conscious effort. It is argumented that in this sense consciousness is non-objective and beyond-objective nothing and simultaneously experienced and historically everything, and therefore the intentional, substantially tense, maximally hidden side of human existence, which essentially is not static, but dynamics, is not a structure, but a multifunctional, not dependence, but freedom, not a given, but an existential. In view of this, the exceptional relevance and heuristics of the development, along with the known achievements in the domain of meta theory, meta-methodology of consciousness, are noted.

Blogging in and about the workplace: a linguistic and discursive analysis of work psychology discourse and discourse communities

Work psychology focuses on how people think and behave at work by applying psychological concepts and methods to reflect on work, the workplace and the workforce. Its relevance has increased and changed in the light of globalization, as well as the dematerialization and mobilization of the workplace and the development of new sectors, services and media. Moreover, the use of social and new media for the dissemination of knowledge regarding recent changes in employment trends and procedures have led to an open and democratizing shift in power of and over workplace discourse, allowing hitherto marginalized professional figures to voice their needs and experience to objective peers and advisors. This opening and sharing of discourse within a perpetually connected worldwide community has raised questions about where a workplace’s boundaries lie and the contexts in which a worker may be considered an employee or an individual communicating online in and out of the office. The present preliminary study therefore analyzes a significant and adaptable online genre, i.e. work psychology blogs, to observe and consider how experts on workplace mentality apply rhetorical devices and discursive and linguistic strategies to inform, encourage and influence the perception of employees within online discourse communities.

Research, children an ethics: an ongoing dialogue

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was a crucial moment that changed children’s status in both society and in research. Nevertheless, if on the one hand children’s competence has been recurrently challenged by the dominant discourse of developmental psychology; on the other hand children have demonstrated themselves to be very helpful in helping researchers to understand the complexities enclosed in their contemporary life experiences.The recognition of children as social actors, followed by the upsurge in empirical interest in childhood, raises new ethical discussions, dilemmas and responsibilities for researchers that need further discussion and reflection.In accordance with this, this text gives an overview of key ethic decisions that were carefully considered along a qualitative study: access to children; protecting children’s privacy and confidentiality, managing power in adult-child relationship, building trust, entering children’s space

Vulnerability: Ripples From Reflections on Mental Toughness

The aim of this paper is to present a critical reflection on mental toughness using a creative analytic practice. In particular, we move from intrapersonal technical reflections to an altogether more interpersonal cultural analysis that (re)considers some of the assumptions that can underpin sport psychology practice. Specifically, in the ripples that extend from these initial technical reflections, we argue that it is important to understand vulnerability, and consider (a) wounded healers, (b) the ideology of individualism, and (c) the survivor bias to help make sense of current thinking and applied practice. Emerging from these ripples are a number of implications (naming elephants, tellability, neoliberalism) from which sport psychologists may reflect upon to enhance their own practice. In making visible the invisible, we conclude that vulnerability can no longer be ignored in sport psychology discourse, research, and practice. Should this story of vulnerability resonate, we encourage you, where appropriate to share this story.

Editorial: A twenty‐first century scourge: Introducing the special issue on Islamophobia

Editorial: A twenty‐first century scourge: Introducing the special issue on Islamophobia

Psycho-Social Implications of Globalization:An Opportunity-Based Perspective

The phenomenon of globalization is intricately intertwined with every aspect of our socialized existence. However, the study of globalization has mostly been fraught with contested meanings with researchers debating over its nature and origin (Berry, 2008; Marsella, 2012; Stiglitz, 2003). It would be difficult to confine ourselves to a single definition of globalization which encapsulates its nature and scope in its entirety. Instead, it is conceptualized and operationalized in different ways, based on the theoretical paradigm and/or the discipline guiding one's inquiry. Research in the past has mostly addressed globalization while emphasising its economic and political underpinnings, however attention is now being directed towards a wider range of implications, socio-cultural factors figuring prominently among them. With changing times, newer perspectives on globalization are emerging. For instance, Lecher and Boli (2008) and Steger (2009) have discussed the technological dimension, the environmental dimension, and the marketing dimension of globalization.Globalization and psychologyFor the longest time, globalization as a topic of interest was largely ignored in the academic discourse within psychology. However, within the past two decades, scholars (e.g., Arnett, 2002; Berry, 2008; Marsella, 2001; Salzman, 2008) have become increasingly aware of the layers globalization provides to our experiences and the scope it has in explaining certain psychological phenomena. There is a growing consensus regarding globalization being a psychological construct which deeply influences the intricacies of the individual psyche. Research in this area ranges from locating the implications of globalization for macro-level variables (e.g., hegemonic consumerism, quality of life, etc.) to micro-level variables (e.g., identity formation, psychological adjustment, etc.). A large part of these influences could be attributed to the rapid advancements in media and technology, which allow people across the globe to constantly share similar reference points and forms of social engagement, shaping their understanding of the world and paving the way for a rising global consciousness.Marsella (2012) proposed a psychology-centric definition of globalization, wherein he defined globalization as both a process and product, intertwined in a reciprocal relationship. He also emphasised the need for psychology to develop a global orientation so as to understand the continually evolving experiences of people and adapt with the rapidly changing world. Prilleltensky (2012) identified people, products (both material & cultural), and processes as the three main elements of globalization and shed light on its sources, goals and mechanisms. He further emphasised the role of psychology in developing an ecological and multidimensional view ofwell-beingjustice and change processes (p. 611). Areview of major research in this area focuses on issues of identity, intergroup behavior, and health and well-being.IdentityA major portion of the psychological discourse on globalization centres on issues pertaining to identity. Considering the fact that individuals are embedded in an increasingly multicultural system, there is a constant need to adapt to the varying requirements that come with such disparate socio-cultural, ideological backgrounds (Arnett, 2002). Arnett's work focused on the influences that multicultural experiences have on the development of adolescent identities wherein he posited that most individuals develop a bicultural identity, a part of which is anchored in their local culture and another is linked to the global culture. As a result, individuals continue to oscillate between different aspects of their identity depending upon who they are interacting with. They often employ elements of their local culture when in interaction with members who belong to their own community. At the same time, they are also capable of easily slipping into a globally-oriented repertoire when interacting with members outside of their local vicinity. …

The perception of spiritual health differences between citizens and physicians in the Czech Republic.

This paper focuses on a phenomenon known as spiritual health. Although the scientific literature defines the concept of this health component (in relation to other dimensions, i.e. physical, mental and social health), there is no agreement concerning its relation to religiousness. The aim of this research is to find out the views of citizens (n = 1810) and physicians (n = 1200) in the Czech Republic on the potential dimension of health in its spiritual mode, and on the understanding of its content by those who acknowledge its existence. One of the main research findings is that physicians in the Czech Republic acknowledge the existence of spiritual health (47.0%) to a significantly greater extent than citizens of the country (26.4%). In both groups of respondents, the understanding varies in the discourse of psychology (psychiatry), theology, in the preference for harmony, and in medical care. The acknowledgement of spiritual health depends strongly on gender (women acknowledge the existence of this phenomenon more than men), religious belief (religious physicians, as well as religious citizens and members and non-members of churches and religious societies, acknowledge the existence of spiritual health significantly more compared with atheists) and education (with increasing education the proportion of citizens who acknowledge the existence of spiritual health rises considerably-the highest proportion is found in university graduates). Spiritual health is shown to be an important public health issue, even in a strongly secularized society.

Zeitgeschichte des Selbst: Therapeutisierung – Politisierung – Emotionalisierung

Subjectivity is a concept that has been successfully applied to historical cultural studies, yet it still poses profound methodological challenges to scholars of contemporary history. Despite the discipline’s considerable attention to the study of the self over the past decade, thus far approaches from the social sciences, especially sociology, have defined this field of inquiry. As a result, German genealogies of the self (see for example Das unternehmerische Selbst (2007), Das schöne Selbst (2009) and Das beratene Selbst (2011)) have mostly failed to link up to some of the larger socio-economic questions that contemporary German history engages. With Zeitgeschichte des Selbst. Therapeutisierung – Politisierung – Emotionalisierung the editors Pascal Eitler and Jens Elberfeld seek to provide a much needed heuristic tool to refine historians’ understanding of poststructuralist conceptions of the self in the second half of Germany’s twentieth century. Moving beyond traditional history of science interpretations of subjectivity closely linked to discourse in psychology and psychiatry, the volume suggests to examine practices and self-techniques, contextualized in contemporary discourse, to gain a better understanding of the self. ‘Managing the self’, ‘jogging for personal enlightenment’ and ‘old-age sex and the culture of life-long learning’ are only a few of the intriguing chapter titles that remind the reader of big-lettered, colourful book covers to be found in the self-help department of every well-sorted neighbourhood book store.

THE PROBLEMATICS OF PERSONALIZATION – PHENOMENA THAT STRUCTURED THE DEMAND OF PERSONALIZATION AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH DESIGN FIELD / PERSONALIZACIJOS PROBLEMATIKA – REIŠKINIAI, SUFORMAVĘ POREIKĮ, IR JŲ SĄVEIKA SU DIZAINO LAUKU

Referring to the fields of sociology and cultural sociology aims to build up a critical approach and make deeper analysis of the phenomenon of personalization. The analysis of modern world by Zygmunt Bauman draws attention to the rampant individualization in conditions of liquid modern world. In this modern structure of society, based on atomistic individualism, the phenomenon of personalization is formed, becomes relevant and widely adaptable. The structure of society has become atomistic – we became “a society of individuals”. The changing structure of society has a direct impact on design discourse. The aim of this article – to identify the phenomena that led to changes in society and the individual, and structured the demand and the trend of personalization. The atomistic individualism of modern self, emotional capitalism and the triumph of psychological discourse in Western civilization had an impact on design field and describe the complexities, tensions and even contradictions that are inherent in the phenomenon of personalization. Remiantis sociokultūriniais tyrimais formuojamas kritinis požiūris, reikalingas personalizacijos fenomeno analizei. Zygmunto Baumano šiuolaikinio pasaulio būvio analizė atkreipia dėmesį į nevaldomą „individualizaciją“ pasaulyje takiomis moderniojo gyvenimo sąlygomis. Būtent tokios modernios visuomenės struktūroje, grįstoje atomistiniu individualizmu, formuojasi, tampa aktualus ir plačiai pritaikomas personalizacijos fenomenas. Visuomenės struktūra tapo atomistine – mes tapome individų visuomene. Kintanti visuomenės struktūra turi tiesioginę įtaką dizaino diskursui1. Straipsnio tikslas – identifikuoti reiškinius, kurie lėmė visuomenės ir individo pokyčius ir paskatino personalizacijos poreikį.

Space and time in psychological discourse

The problem of space and time in the article is substantiated by the way of application of two methods – induction (moving from the single to general) when analyzing in a socio-humanitarian cognition in complementarity ontological, phenomenological and the categorical aspects of their review, and deduction, when from the general – creation of the theory of innovation-psychological climate – carry out a transformation to a separate and specific (highlited relationship between IPC and space-time). In the process of application of the first method are characterized vertical and horizontal parameters as properties of multidimensionality of social space, varieties of space as a life givens (psychological, social, biological, personal, gracious and so on), and also clarified parameters of measuring the actual social-psychological space (integrity, autonomy, structure, self-development). It is claimed that there are two polar views on the nature of time – scientific and esoteric, in a format of which researchers substantiate different invariants of flow of time: direct (own biological “clock” of the individual) and indirect (subjective, scilicet that when the person is involved in the perception and constructioning events). As a result of carried out searching have been proved that space and time – it’s generalized categories of psychological impact with help of which is being learned and explained its nature and peculiarities of the flow in everyday human life. During the application of the second – deductive – method are being argumented: a) org-activity model of creation IPC, b) stages and content of realization the program of researching IPC as multiparameter phenomenon, c) methodological plan-map of IPC research and its four basic parameters and analyzed and scientifically proved that the first parameter of IPC – social and psychological impact - interrelated with vita-cultural space-time, and at the same time filling with the content time-space categories of this impact.