Speech Discourse Research Articles

A Study on the Educational Identity of Public Speech Discourse

A Study on the Educational Identity of Public Speech Discourse

Public Speaking Preparation Stage: Critical Thinking and Organization Skills in South Korea

Public Speaking involves the creation and delivery of a formally organized communication process in front of audiences coming from different cultural, political, religious, economic, educational, and social orientations. Public speeches follow the same principle of what content should be included (like in the essay), and in effect, students are encouraged to use certain strategies. In this study, the focus was to examine how critical thinking and the organization of speech writing was implemented in a Public Speaking course in South Korea. Data were collected over 3 semesters with a total of 47 Korean national undergraduate English majors. The following questions provided the base of this study: 1) what role does critical thinking play in the creation and organization of written speeches by Korean university students? and 2) how do students perceive the usefulness of critical thinking in a Korean university public speaking course. Furthermore, this study collected both quantitative and qualitative data; therefore, the participants’ responses are recorded with percentages, and further reasons are provided by students. Data were then triangulated by examining students' actual written speeches with the prescribed rubrics. The findings suggest that engaging students in critical reflection, genre reading, and attention to speech discourse can lead to the overall improvement of both critical thinking and organization of student speeches. From these findings, a pilot public speaking training program matrix is presented to help prepare English majors in South Korea (if they may pursue teaching) or similar contexts for teaching courses related to public speaking.

Digital Public Sphere and Geography: The Influence of Physical Location on Twitter’s Political Conversation

Social media has instituted new parameters for the political conversation in the digital public sphere. Previous research had identified several of these new phenomena: political polarisation, hate speech discourses, and fake news, among others. However, little attention has been paid to the users’ geographical location, specifically to the role location plays in political discussion on social media, and to its further implications in the digital public sphere. A priori, we might think that on the digital landscape geographical restrictions no longer condition political debate, allowing increasingly diverse users to participate in, and influence, the discussion. To analyse this, machine learning techniques were used to study Twitter’s political conversation about the negotiation process for the formation of the government in Spain that took place between 2015 and 2016. A big data sample of 127,3 million tweets associated with three Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia) was used. The results show that the geographical location of the users directly affects the political conversation on Twitter, despite the dissolution of the physical restrictions that the online environment favours. Demographics, cultural factors, and proximity to the centres of political power are factors conditioning the structure of digital political debate. These findings are a novel contribution to the design of more effective political campaigns and strategies, and provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the digital public sphere provided by Twitter.

“This is us”: Free speech embedded in whiteness, racism and coloniality in Aotearoa, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Whiteness as an ideology is the default norm constituting the infrastructures of New Zealand’s polity. Built with the master’s tool of racism, the mechanics of free speech in Aotearoa, New Zealand is embedded in whiteness that holds fast to liberal expressions of free speech, while dehumanising and denigrating indigenous and minority coloured realities. New Zealand’s ambivalence towards legislative acknowledgement that Māori tribal nations did not cede sovereignty to a foreign land as confirmed in te- Tiriti o Waitangi, is an epic human rights violation that is the precursor to a litany of human rights violations upon Māori and minority groups that followed. Freedom of speech discourse has been utilised as an impenetrable shield to justify threatening, offensive and abusive attacks – both psychologically and physically upon indigenous and minority groups. Massey University’s pursuit of a te-Tiriti led university actioned the cancelling of a known public speaker that negatively targets and stereotypes Māori, leading to national outrage at the perceived denial of the right to freedom of speech. The effects of racist and dehumanising speech upon targeted groups was again missing from public discourse. We attempt to illuminate the marginalised realities of indigenous and minority groups on the flipside of free speech discourse.

The Ideological Embodiment on Nadiem Makarim’s Speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study purposes to uncover the symbolic ideology and the structures of the speech discourse delivered by the current new-inaugurated educational and cultural minister; Nadiem Makarim on National Teacher’s Day. The descriptive qualitative method was employed to shed a light on the interpretation and finding of the study whilst the model of van Dijk in CDA was used to identify and answer the problems. The data were totally elicited from the speech text whilst it was as well used as subject of the study. The documentation method was applied and the data were afterwards expounded descriptively. The finding denotes that of the speech discourse’s structures including macro, micro, and supra, the speech is perceived to have certain language style usage by underlying topic of speech on conveying the mission of providing a change towards Indonesia’s Better Education. In addition, the ideology is as well indicated in ways behind the structures organized. The macro structure puts the ideology beneath the theme and the topic which are in the forms of ideology purposed as system of beliefs and system of actions. In essence, the tendency of the ideology lies on the aspect of speech theme in which it was utilized to invite (deliberately aimed) the educators and all parts getting involved in education realm and to believe and to act as what was expected.

Особенности речевого имиджа Сергея Викторовича Лаврова

The article presents results of a content analysis of speeches delivered by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation S. V. Lavrov. The findings allow concluding about the complicated, multi-aspect nature of the politician’s speech image. His involvement in broad communicative situation determines S. V. Lavrov’s strategic roles in speech discourse, such as “Goal-Setter”, “Decent and Polite Person” and “Strategist”, each of which is represented at the linguistic level. In general, S. V. Lavrov’s speech image is characterized by dichotomy since it is equally associated with social and political activity and with human values.

Sovereignty and First Amendment rights of higher education institutions: An affirmative and institutional approach

ABSTRACT This article offers an analysis of how, and to what extent, public institutions of higher learning, as agents of one sovereign, could assert free speech rights against the federal government, another sovereign. This work expands the First Amendment and government speech discourse by contributing a novel examination of Supreme Court precedent and the Court’s language addressing the expressive activities of universities under academic freedom. This work also situates itself theoretically in the Madisonian conception of the First Amendment Free Speech Clause, and makes the case that public universities should be recognized as institutions that occupy a special constitutional status within the doctrine. The article’s significance is underscored by the fact that the current political climate raises the specter of increased regulation and policing of the expressive activities of universities.

Emotional Concepts “Crying” and “Laugh” in the Discourse of the Folk-Speech Culture Keeper

The study is performed with the aim of reconstructing the worldview of the informant – a traditional folk culture representative, the application of a cognitive-discursive approach to linguistic analysis of transcribed discourse of spontaneous speech determines its novelty and relevance. The reliability of the results is ensured with a considerable amount of speech material (more than 300 utterances). The particular attention is given to evaluative contexts, the analysis of which resulted in reconstruction of the value aspect of the speaker's worldview. It was established that in the informant's speech both universal and specific characteristics of the concepts "Laughter" and "Crying" are manifested. As universal characteristics, the relationship of the emotive and perceptual components in the structure of the studied concepts is determined, the prevalence of negative emotions over positive nominations, the inclusion of these concepts in virtue oppositions (i.e. "us" – "them") is established. The features of the traditional folk worldview were reconstructed, including value of the family, attention to the material side of life, comprehension of animals as creatures of a lower layer in comparison with humans. The following personal characteristics of the informant are revealed: a high level of speech culture and communicative competence, vagueness, self-irony, the desire to harmonize communication.

Co-speech laughter in a conversational speech task

Laughter plays a role in the natural flow of conversation. This study examines four dyads participating in a semi-structured collaborative conversational speech task to assess the effects of participant role—listener versus speaker—and the location of laughter within a speech turn on laughter distribution and duration. We hypothesize that speakers’ laughter will be more constrained than listeners’ due to its limitation to speech turn boundaries and its accommodation of a speaker’s ongoing speech planning requirements. Additionally, based on prior findings on acoustic phrase-final lengthening in speech prosody, we expect that laughter at the end of a speech turn will be longer than turn-initial or -medial laughter. Our results demonstrate substantial individual variability, with a majority of participants having longer laughter duration as listeners than as speakers, in part, we propose, due to laughter’s use as a form of backchanneling. Participants also demonstrate longer durations of turn-initial laughter than turn-final or turn-medial laughter. This unexpected result may be due to overlapping speech and laughter that is often seen at the end of speech turns. Our results suggest that the patterning of laughter with respect to speech turns may help structure interactive speech discourse. [Work supported by NIH.]

Effects of Encouraging the Use of Gestures on Speech.

Purpose Previous studies have investigated the effects of the inability to produce hand gestures on speakers' prosodic features of speech; however, the potential effects of encouraging speakers to gesture have received less attention, especially in naturalistic settings. This study aims at investigating the effects of encouraging the production of hand gestures on the following speech correlates: speech discourse length (number of words and discourse length in seconds), disfluencies (filled pauses, self-corrections, repetitions, insertions, interruptions, speech rate), and prosodic properties (measures of fundamental frequency [F0] and intensity). Method Twenty native Italian speakers took part in a narration task in which they had to describe the content of short comic strips to a confederate listener in 1 of the following 2 conditions: (a) nonencouraging condition (N), that is, no instructions about gesturing were given, and (b) encouraging condition (E), that is, the participants were instructed to gesture while telling the story. Results Instructing speakers to gesture led effectively to higher gesture rate and salience. Significant differences were found for (a) discourse length (e.g., the narratives had more words in E than in N) and (b) acoustic measures (F0 maximum, maximum intensity, and mean intensity metrics were higher in E than in N). Conclusion The study shows that asking speakers to use their hands while describing a story can have an effect on narration length and can also impact on F0 and intensity metrics. By showing that enhancing the gesture stream could affect speech prosody, this study provides further evidence that gestures and prosody interact in the process of speech production.

Language Inequality and the Use of Standard Language

This paper deals with linguistic inequality and the use of standard language. Language inequality has a wide and multifaceted meaning with several interpretations. It should be noted that the habits of informal use of the language do not define all inequality because the same user in another circumstance may use the language standard and manage to indicate a certain degree of use of the language. From the research with students of Albanian language, it turns out that these students, starting from the first year of the studies, show the efforts, the ability and the skills of using the linguistic standard despite a linguistic conformism. Linguistic individuality highlights the linguistic inequality.
 Language inequality has linguistic or limited language deficits on written and speech discourse. Meanwhile, the text sublimates the individual skills of writing, brainstorming, text planning, linguistic coherence and cohesion, according to an elaborate linguistic code. Furthermore, we see that language inequality is relative, because everyone who writes or speaks, under certain conditions, has his / her linguistic competence and individuality. In my research on students` texts are noticed some elements dealing with linguistic inequality and use standard language.
 Key words: Language Competence, Standard Language, Language Inequality, Language Deficit, Restricted Code, Elaborated Code.

Counter-referral in Emergency Care Units: discourse of the collective speech.

To describe the facilities and difficulties of the counter-referral of an Emergency Care Unit in Santa Catarina State. Descriptive, qualitative study, with the participation of three nurses and 17 physicians. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. For the theoretical basis, the Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências (National Policy of Emergency Care) and the Rede de Atenção às Urgências (Network of Care to the Emergencies) was used. The facilities of the counter-referral correspond to the strategies of communication with the Primary Care: embracement; good interpersonal relationships; and electronic medical record network. The difficulties are related to the deficiencies of Primary Care and specialized services, such as the insufficient number of physicians and the delay in scheduling consultations and more complex exams. The difficulties highlighted indicate significant challenges of the local health system in the search for integration between emergency care points.

A Case Study of Transitivity Analysis of Trump’s Winning Speech Based on Systematic Functional Grammar

The systematic functional grammar proposed by Halliday has profound influence on the linguistic theory research in the second half of the 20th century. Halliday believes language has three meta-functions: ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function. The ideational function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. The ideational function mainly consists of transitivity and voice. Transitivity is simply the grammar of the clause in its ideational aspect. It consists of six different processes: Material process, Behavioral process, Mental process, Verbal process, Relational process and Existential process. Political speech is an important form of public speech and it plays an extremely important role in political life. Based on Halliday’s ideational functional theory, the thesis selects Trump’s winning speech and analyzes it from the perspective of transitivity system. The main purpose of the article is to analyze Trump’s language skills, and at the same time, provide a research idea and method for readers to interpret political speech discourse. This article revolves around the following two questions: 1. How are the six processes distributed in Trump’s winning speech? 2. What are the functions of the six processes in Trump’s speech? Based on these two questions, this paper conducts statistics on speech through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through analysis, the author finds that there are three processes used frequently. They are relational process (35%), material process (30%), mental process (24%) in turn. While the verbal process (8%), the behavioral process (2%), and the existential process (1%) are very low frequency. This is because of Trump’s speech intention. As a new president, he needs to express his own ideas, clarify his position and policies affecting people’s emotions, call for public support, and clarify his vision and plan for the future of the United States.

National-linguistic Behavior of P. Kulish as a Translator of W. Shakespeare's Drama “Romeo and Juliet”

The article highlights an issue of the spiritual relationship of a person and his language, and hence the national-linguistic behavior of the individual and community. The issues are topical in the current linguistic studies. The translator plays an important role in the perception of the linguistic picture of the world created by one people by representatives of another nation, especially when talking about cognition of the foreign reality via the literary text, where the word reflects the national-linguistic behavior of the authors of the original and translated text. The article examines the peculiarities of P. Kulish's national-linguistic behavior as a pioneer of the Ukrainian translation school, whose creative work has repeatedly been the subject of research by scientists in various fields of knowledge. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, the author argues the definition of the concept of national-linguistic behavior. The typological and nationally-marked features of addresses in the Ukrainian speech discourse and specific features of address constructions translation are compared and generalized according to the theoretical provisions of scholars. The emphasis is laid on the word-forming and lexical capabilities of transferring addresses in Ukrainian translation. The most frequent techniques are transcribing personal and some general foreign appellatives in accordance with the spelling norms, existing in the time of P. Kulish, rendering honoratives/honorifics by Ukrainian equivalents, or sporadically by transliteration, using diminutives and emotive addresses with nationally-marked lexemes of that time, or emotive attributes in the structure of commonly used addressing constructions, typical of the Ukrainians.

The Functions and Features of Verbalics on a Radio Station Format Easy Listening

Today music formats occupy a predominant number of frequencies in the Russian FM-range. Despite digital television and radio broadcasting conversion and the related internal and external modernization of the industry, radio stations continue to actively compete for the listener by offering new approaches to broadcasting and winning an audience. The number of radio stations in the modern world remains at a consistently high level, although, it is understandable that the dynamics of its growth does not have the speed it used to have a hundred years ago: for example, the number of radio stations in the United States during “the golden era” of broadcasting from 1927 to 1940 years had grown 116 times (Sterling and Kittross, 2001). Today, one of the rarest music formats in Russia is the Easy Listening format, which is partly represented by the Relax FM radio station. In addition to music programs, the Relax FM radio broadcastings include thematic rubrics and short speech programs that make a significant contribution to the overall concept of this radio station. The article discusses the verbal components at the radio station of the Easy Listening format, their functions and features. In order to analyze the speech elements of the studied radio, the methods of observation and content analysis, as well as some other empirical and general scientific methods were used. The results were interpreted on the basis of the percentage of music and speech on the airwaves, as well as the ratio of the average timing of the commercial break, built using verbalics, and the average timing of the thematic category. In addition, the speech analysis of verbal components showed how the difference in the essential approach to speech in the advertising unit and in the thematic rubric affects the general speech discourse of the radio. Thus, the main functions of verbal components on the radio station of the Easy Listening format can definitely be considered to be informational, advertising, recreational and educational functions. The features of speech components are in the field of message semantics, as well as in terms of vocabulary and intonation, aimed at supporting the general concept of broadcasting. A separate speech group consists of advertising messages that are significantly different from the specific mood of the radio, but which, in doing so, are designed to support the very existence of the radio station. These provisions ultimately entail the possibility of new research in the field of linguistics of radio programs, psycholinguistics, and the management of the broadcasting industry.

Três formas de amar: a construção da imagem de Neymar Jr no mercado brasileiro de revistas

Este artigo tem como finalidade analisar a construção discursiva realizada pela imprensa brasileira a respeito de Neymar Jr., futebolista que iniciou sua carreira no Santos FC e que atualmente defende o Paris Saint-Germain e a Seleção Brasileira. Nosso objetivo é abordar, por meio da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, como o mercado brasileiro de revistas construiu a imagem do atleta nas publicações de 2010 a 2012, período de consolidação da carreira como craque bem-sucedido no Brasil. Nestes anos, Neymar Jr. esteve presente em pelo menos 22 capas de revistas brasileiras, de diferentes gêneros e temáticas, a partir de uma construção discursiva sistêmica, eufórica e convergente. Com sua ida para o exterior em 2013, o processo de exposição nas capas de revistas brasileiras reduziu-se, ao mesmo tempo em que o atleta ganhou nova dimensão no mercado global futebolístico.

A Comparative Study on Oral Fluency Between Korean Native Speakers and L2 Korean Learners in Speech Discourse - With Focus on Speech Rate, Pause, and Discourse Markers

A Comparative Study on Oral Fluency Between Korean Native Speakers and L2 Korean Learners in Speech Discourse - With Focus on Speech Rate, Pause, and Discourse Markers

Discourse and place of speech in graphic/information design: Some philosophical considerations

Considering the current demands for the inclusion of diversity in most sectors of society, how to contemplate the question of place of speech in the discursive dimension of graphic/information design? This article presents a brief conceptual panorama of the relation between discourse and place of speech. In order to better understand this relation, we consider it both within the theoretical and practical scope of graphic/information design. At first, the poststructuralist influence on graphic design is presented and, then, the notion of place of speech is discussed, drawing attention to its uses and contradictions. Finally, the importance of giving a place to speech is highlighted, and heuristic orientations towards the discursive dimension of contemporary graphic/information design are proposed.

Speech Acts and Discourse Makers by Teachers and Students in the Classroom

This study aims to describe how is the performance of speech acts and discourse makers in the classroom of senior high schools of Purworejo, central Java. The study used qualitative descriptive. The sample of this study is the three English teachers and their students from three senior high schools. Data taken by recording teachers and students in the classrooms. The findings show that transaction of agreement is highly developed by teachers. For example: ok, ya. Questions and Follow up exchange performed by teachers. Further, negotiate outcome, argumentation, and describing adjacency pair created by teachers. Elicitation acts and information acts are performed by teachers and students. Directive acts is mostly developed by teachers. Students performed directive acts when they are in group discussion.

Analysis of Xi’s Diplomatic Speeches from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory

From a linguistic perspective, diplomatic speeches contain a wealth of appraisal resources to show the attitude tendency of the speech subject and the government who represents. From the perspective of the construction of national discourse, diplomatic speeches have a positive effect on the transmission of positive energy in a country and have an important value for the construction of national discourse. The research will analyze speeches that president Xi has made at the "Belt and Road" summit and at the BRICS summit. By artificial annotation, the author will use Antconc3.2.4 corpus retrieval software to sum up frequency of appraisal resources appearing in the speech discourse, then combing with quantitative and qualitative analysis method to explore how president Xi used the appraisal resources to transmit the Chinese voice and build the Chinese discourse in the diplomatic speeches from the achievements of international cooperation, the challenges and the contribution made by China.