Discourse Of Social Exclusion Research Articles

Discourse on Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Nepal: A Review

The discourse of social exclusion and inclusion is debatable issue in contemporary Nepali society. The issue of social exclusion should be addressed by adopting the process of social inclusion in several sectors of Nepali society which helps to establish society with equality. The article Social Exclusion and Inclusion tries to address the issue raised in the discourse of social inclusion. Similarly, it tries to explore the issue of social exclusion and inclusion from new line. Article is based on the review of the several articles published addressing the issue of social exclusion and inclusion. In introduction, I have mentioned the context and origin of social exclusion and inclusion debate. Different views of various renowned scholars on Social Exclusion and Inclusion have been mentioned. In Nepalese context, political movement and academic effort of social exclusion and inclusion have been discussed. The achievement that excluded group got in the Constitution and other Acts from the political and other inclusion movement have been disclosed here. In Nepal, there are three types of notions/domains: Inclusive based on Caste Ethnicity, Economy Prosperity and Meritocracy. I critically support the Inclusive based on Caste Ethnicity Movement.

The critical work of memory and the nostalgic return of innocence: how emergent teachers represent childhood

ABSTRACT This article examines how participants enrolled in teacher education and childhood studies courses represented their understandings of childhood through a selection of artefacts discussed in focus groups at four sites: Montréal, New York City, Ottawa, and Toronto. To situate our inquiry, we theorise nostalgia in relationship to the construction of childhood innocence, with a focus on children’s everyday objects and playthings in upholding this ideal. We further trace the construction of innocence to discourses of social exclusion and defences against difficulty. While participants used their artefacts to represent personal memories and social contexts that disrupted an idealised category of childhood, they also returned to a nostalgic trope of innocence, which was particularly pronounced in their understandings of childhood under COVID-19. We advocate for the creation of time and space for prospective and practicing teachers to mourn the idealisation of innocence and to examine the unequal conditions of vulnerability that both children and teachers live.

Assessment of the social exclusion at the regional level using multi-criteria approach: evidence from the Czech Republic

Research background: Social services are the main social tool used for the prevention and solution of social exclusion and its risk. Services of social prevention are focused on the well-being of the whole society and they prevent it from the influence of a wide range of socio-economic phenomena related to social exclusion, understood in multidimensional terms.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to evaluate districts of the Czech Republic with respect to selected socio-economic factors that lead or can lead to social exclusion, when the emphasis is placed on the exclusion of children and youth, and to identify the causes of differences existing among these districts within the period of years 2011?2016.
 Methods: The paper focuses on multi-criterial assessment of districts of the Czech Republic using 23 indicators covering main aspects of social exclusion, which are processed with the Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS technique) in combination with the Coefficient of Variance method used to determine the indicators? weight. The results obtained using these methods are completed by the Moran?s index, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kendall Rank Coefficient and Levene?s test.
 Findings & value added: A small number of districts with very negative assessment, with the presence of social exclusion and its higher risk, respectively, are identified. Differences among regions are constant and could not be assigned to randomness or disposable changes in the structure of indicators. Higher number of children born to unmarried mothers can be considered a typical aspect of the districts with higher risk of the social exclusion. The methods applied in the research, whose results and findings are presented in the paper, can be inspiring to further studies focusing on the social exclusion in its multidimensionality. The research is framed with the European Union discourse of social exclusion, thus the presented findings also open space for the comparisons and discussions of the factors associated with the social exclusion in other European Union Member States.

Analyzing the temporal location of employment centers relative to residential areas in Cape Town: A spatial metrics approach

The marginalization of low-income earners, in regard to access to economic activities, is a topical issue in South Africa. The location of residential areas relative to locations of employment plays a large role in determining how accessible employment opportunities are to individuals. This has led to several studies that look at the polarization of growth in places of economic activities in more affluent suburbs within the discourse of social exclusion and transformation. Since South African independence, several policies were drafted to address issues of segregation and social exclusion, among other issues. However, the question remains whether there has been progress in addressing these issues. This research applies landscape metrics to understand the growth trends in the spatial location of residential areas, relative to centers of economic activities, from 1995 (start of democracy) to 2013. The analyses reveal that high- and middle-income residential areas are typically located near commercial land uses. This explains the mixed land-use patterns that are found in middle-income residential areas. On the other hand, low-income residential areas were observed to be, dominantly, in large homogeneous and continuous patches.

Caste–Gender Intersectionality and Atrocities in Haryana: Emerging Patterns and State Responses

In the Indian society, the issue of gender and caste inequality has drawn considerable attention in the discourse of social exclusion. The complex relationship between these two culturally powerful identities in the context of violence and atrocities remains stubbornly in place. This article analyses the patterns and consequences of intersectional atrocities and the responses of state machinery in a specific sociocultural context, that is, in the state of Haryana. Despite showing faster economic development than other states, Haryana has been in the limelight for its traditions and customs conflicting with the freedom of lower castes (dalits) and women. The article draws evidence from the official data on crimes and information based on mainstream media reportage and documents of civil society organisations, to argue that a society, which culturally accepts caste and gender hierarchy and allows this culture to permeate in public institutions, accentuates the vulnerability of women from lower caste to structural, systematic and symbolic atrocities.

Social exclusion, neoliberalism and resistance: The role of social workers in implementing social policies in Chile

The views of social workers in Chile are rarely heard and considered in the policy debates. This article addresses this lacuna by examining discourses of social exclusion and underlying assumptions held by social workers with responsibility for implementing social policy interventions in Chile. It draws upon the findings of a study involving interviews with senior social workers from two large non-governmental organisations (NGOs) tackling social exclusion. We found that individual-based narratives and neoliberal rationality are dominant in the implementation of Chilean social policy. At the same time, anti-hegemonic strategies pursued by some social workers were also identified. Such an approach is highly relevant in the Chilean context, in which power imbalances remain almost untouched since the return of democratic regimes in the 1990s. The study findings pose diverse challenges to Chilean social policy and social work professional training. The necessity of promoting transformative imaginations that favour collective practices of resistance is identified to counteract, through a critical discourse, the neoliberal rationale, its rhetoric and practices affecting excluded people’s lives.

Social Exclusion and Mental Health

In the Indian context, the caste identity has been a dominant factor in the discourse of social exclusion. This is largely due to the pervasiveness of the caste-based discrimination and violence. The Indian psychological literature has provided considerable insights into psychological attributes of caste groups and its linkage to their dis(advantage). However, there are unexplored questions in the social science literature of social exclusion which are fundamental to psychological research. How caste-based discrimination and violence are socio-psychological constructs? How these social behaviours have exclusionary consequences to effect on mental health of the lower caste groups? An understanding of these questions would have more to offer to the need for strategic social interventions. This article focuses on the possible functions that caste-based discrimination and violence perform, the adverse social and psychological consequences of such social behaviours and their implications for the social exclusion and mental health of the lower caste groups. Drawing evidence from empirical research and relevant literature on caste-based discrimination and violence, and social exclusion, the article argues that these social behaviours are not just extreme actions but patterns of distancing lower caste groups from social relationships to create threatening social conditions. These accentuate social exclusion and adversely affect their mental health. Any support services in the form of reliefs or compensations for the victims may not stamp out negative social and psychological consequences for long. Both legal and social interventions need to focus on human security—economic, social and psychological—in the process of promotion of social justice and human development.

Discourses of Social Exclusion in British Tennis: Historical Changes and Continuities

Discourses of Social Exclusion in British Tennis: Historical Changes and Continuities

Social Mix and the Problematisation of Social Housing

ABSTRACTSocial housing in Australia is at a significant juncture. High levels of housing stress, increasing levels of socio-spatial polarisation and reduced government funding are posing complex policy challenges. Social mix policies are one response to these challenges, arising from the problematisation of social housing estates as socially excluded. This problematisation is examined through case studies of two Sydney social housing renewal projects: Telopea and Riverwood North. Drawing on interviews with government, private-sector and not-for-profit housing practitioners, the paper identifies two distinct discourses of social exclusion within this problematisation—culture of poverty discourse and equity discourse—that shape the implementation of social mix. These discourses reveal that implementing social mix is more complex than simply managing the cohabitation of residents in different tenures. Rather, the practice of social mix is embedded within discourses about the nature and causes of social exclusion. These discourses, in their turn, inform the multiple and sometimes conflicting aspirations pursued through social mix policies.

Nas fissuras dos cadernos encardidos: o bordado testemunhal de Carolina Maria de Jesus

Este artigo objetiva referendar a escritura de uma autora que conseguiu alçar voos mais longínquos do que suas limitadas condições socioeconômicas lhe impuseram. Propõe, ainda, mostrar que os escritos de Carolina Maria de Jesus indicam uma cisão conceitual do mundo através de uma ressignificação do discurso do cotidiano e este é materializado através de alegorias severamente vividas. A instância sujeito-autor coloca na experiência empírica de um discurso da exclusão a real experiência dafome e faz deste experimento uma forma de visão social. É inscrito nos aportes teóricos da AD (francesa) que o presente artigo ambiciona olhar para o corpus de base literária, ainda que incanônica, constituída pela obra intitulada Quarto de Despejo - Diário de uma favelada, com vistas a propor um trabalho em interface que, a par de bosquejar os processos de subjetivação, ambiciona, ainda, delinear o que estamos denominando discursividade literária incanônica em Carolina Maria de Jesus.

Changing policy discourses: Constructing literacy inequalities

This paper explores the ways in which policy discourses have constructed rationales for addressing adult literacy over the last 50years. In particular, we examine how policy positions the literacy learner as citizen within discourses of rights and equity. Taking the case of the UK, we compare two key documents produced at different historical moments. Our discourse analysis reveals a long standing discourse of individual deficit within a functional model of literacy. This is now overlaid by a discourse of social exclusion that views adult learners as entrepreneurial global citizens who must compete within a market economy.

Discourses about Australian Social Housing, Social Exclusion and Employment: Indications of the Post‐Welfare State?

The dynamic between housing policy and wider welfare reform has been an important theme within housing scholarship. As a background this paper considers Jamrozik's contention of a transition in social policy from a welfare state to a post welfare paradigm through exploring the impact of ideological discourses for contemporary Australian social housing policy. Our approach combines an analysis of the discourses of social exclusion in two key housing policy documents and interviews with social housing tenants and professionals in South Australia. The analysis serves to illustrate the ways in which contemporary housing policy reflects and is shaped by competing ideological discourses. In particular, it makes explicit how the foundational discourses shaping Australian housing policy has changed considerably over recent years, reflecting, to a large extent, the influence of neo‐liberal ideologies on the operation of government policy making.

How Useful is the Concept of Social Exclusion When Applied to Rural Older People in the United Kingdom and the United States?

Moffatt S. and Glasgow N. How useful is the concept of social exclusion when applied to rural older people in the United Kingdom and the United States?, Regional Studies. This paper explores the now widespread use of the concept ‘social exclusion’ in the United Kingdom and examines why discourses of social exclusion have not been used in the United States. The relationship between social exclusion and poverty is critically applied to rural older people, a group only recently appearing in debates about social exclusion in the UK. Despite extensive debates about social exclusion in the UK, it is shown that state-provided income programmes are crucial to reducing poverty among older people and that data to indicate progress on addressing any of the more relational aspects of social exclusion are largely insufficient. Moffatt S. et Glasgow N. La notion d'exclusion sociale, à quoi est-ce qu'elle sert quand elle est appliquée aux personnes âgées des zones rurales au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis?, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à étudier l'emploi très répandu de la notion d'exclusion sociale au Royaume-Uni et à examiner pourquoi des discours sur l'exclusion sociale n'ont pas été employés aux Etats-Unis. On applique d'un oeil critique le rapport entre l'exclusion sociale et la pauvreté aux personnes âgées des zones rurales, un groupe qui ne fait figure que récemment dans les débats sur l'exclusion sociale au Royaume-Uni. En dépit des débats approfondis sur l'exclusion sociale au Royaume-Uni, on montre que les prestations financières sont d'une importance cruciale dans le but de réduire la pauvreté des personnes âgées et que les données sur les progrès faits afin d'aborder l'exclusion sociale dans toutes ses perspectives plutôt relationnelles sont dans une large mesure insuffisantes. Pauvreté Exclusion sociale Personnes âgées des zones rurales Moffatt S. und Glasgow N. Wie nützlich ist das Konzept der sozialen Ausgrenzung bei einer Anwendung auf ältere Menschen in ländlichen Gebieten Großbritanniens und der USA?, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die inzwischen weit verbreitete Nutzung des Konzepts der ‘sozialen Ausgrenzung’ in Großbritannien und versuchen herauszufinden, warum die Diskurse der sozialen Ausgrenzung in den USA bisher noch keine Anwendung gefunden haben. Die Beziehung zwischen sozialer Ausgrenzung und Armut wird kritisch auf ältere Menschen in ländlichen Gebieten angewandt – eine Gruppe, die erst in jüngster Zeit in den Debatten über soziale Ausgrenzung in Großbritannien aufgetaucht ist. Wir zeigen, dass trotz umfangreicher Debatten über soziale Ausgrenzung in Großbritannien staatliche Einkommensprogramme ein unverzichtbares Instrument zur Senkung der Altersarmut darstellen und dass die Daten zur Ermittlung des Fortschritts bei der Lösung von eher relationalen Aspekten der sozialen Ausgrenzung größtenteils unzureichend sind. Armut Soziale Ausgrenzung Ältere Menschen in ländlichen Gebieten Moffatt S. y Glasgow N. ¿Cuál es la utilidad del concepto de la exclusión social cuando se aplica a ancianos de zonas rurales del Reino Unido y los EE.UU?, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos el uso ahora bien extendido del concepto de ‘exclusión social’ en el Reino Unido y examinamos por qué los discursos de exclusión social no se han utilizado en los Estados Unidos. La relación entre la exclusión social y la pobreza se aplica críticamente a ancianos de zonas rurales, un grupo que tan sólo recientemente ha aparecido en el debate sobre la exclusión social en el Reino Unido. Pese a los amplios debates sobre la exclusión social en el Reino Unido, mostramos que los programas de ingresos proporcionados por el Estado son cruciales para reducir la pobreza entre la población anciana y que, en gran medida, son insuficientes los datos para indicar los avances en solucionar cualquiera de los aspectos más relativos de la exclusión social. Pobreza Exclusión social Ancianos de zonas rurales

Women, Legal Aid and Social Inclusion

This article examines access to legal aid for women in light of the Australian government's social inclusion agenda. It is notable that the government's image of social citizenship does not include the ability to invoke and enforce legal rights, and that discourses of social exclusion have paid relatively little attention to gendered patterns of exclusion. The article reports on a study of applications for and refusals of legal aid for family law, domestic violence and anti‐discrimination matters by socially excluded women in Queensland. It demonstrates the variety of ways in which Legal Aid Queensland's grants process operated to further exclude and marginalise these women. It argues that effective access to legal aid is an important element of social inclusion, but that this goal cannot be achieved by reliance on the tools of New Public Management.

Social exclusion as conceptual and grammatical metaphor: a cross-genre study of British policy-making

This article analyses `social exclusion' as conceptual and grammatical metaphor, discussing the concept's ideological impact on British policy-making. It complements work in political theory by employing a cognitive critical view of discourse and metaphor. The study draws on five different genres and analyses them quantitatively and qualitatively, looking at lemmas and their grammatical functions, clusters and collocations, and metaphoric expressions. In the data, society is conceptualized as a bounded space with a normative centre and a problematic periphery, with movement towards the centre as the aim of policy-making. Conceptual and grammatical metaphor interact because society is metaphorized as a bounded space, while the collocation `social exclusion' represents an abstract agentless nominalization and is re-concretized through a conceptual metaphor that casts it as a malleable object. This interplay of different forms of metaphor frames the discourse of social exclusion and orients political thought and action towards the reproduction, rather than transformation, of inequality.

From ‘cycles of disadvantage’ to sure start: Discourses of early intervention in families

Social exclusion is a problematic concept, which is embedded in several different discourses. These off er differing constructions of its causes, and therefore of the policies necessary to address it. This paper examines discourses of social exclusion at two stages in the process of developing New Labour's Sure Start programme of early intervention in families with young children. It argues that in the process of moving from a consideration of research evidence on the intergenerational reproduction of social exclusion to the specification of a set of performance targets for the programme, the conceptualisation of social exclusion became more strongly rooted in a moral underclass discourse, in which individual parental failings are the principal focus of intervention.

Social exclusion in Europe: some conceptual issues

In the late 20th and early 21st century, social exclusion has become something of a trope around which is pegged justifications for various reforms. The notion of social exclusion has found its way into the lexicon of all major global governance institutions. How has this happened, and what are its implications for scholars of contemporary welfare reforms? In this article, we consider the ‘rise and rise’ of the discourse of social exclusion, with particular reference to its development as a policy paradigm within the European Union. We note that its initial iteration was anchored in a functionalist discourse of social organisation but that this was quickly challenged both by post‐structuralist and post‐colonial perspectives and by research findings that undermined the view of mainstream institutions as fundamentally integrative and inclusive in nature. The debate about social exclusion, we suggest, is simultaneously a debate about the historical and social dynamics of European modernity.

Childhood, parenting and early intervention: A critical examination of the Sure Start national programme

The Sure Start programme is central to New Labour’s long-term strategy for preventing social exclusion. Its focus on young children and early intervention epitomizes a social investment approach to social policy and reflects a social integrationist understanding of social inclusion that identifies individual opportunity in the labour market as the means for achieving inclusion, and educational achievement as its basis. Evidence on which Sure Start is based has been used by the government to support a primarily individual and instrumental approach to combating social exclusion. Complex research evidence is transformed into a set of target outcomes for Sure Start resulting in a policy that at national level promotes a view of mothers as principally responsible for children’s development and well-being, and risks sliding into a moral discourse of social exclusion that blames parents for poor outcomes.

School Exclusion: The Will to Punish1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines perspectives on student disaffection in education at the levels of culture and policy. It considers the balance between punitive/exclusionary and therapeutic/restorative positions. The paper engages with concepts of retributive punishment (Murray, 2004a; 2004b), social welfare ideologies (Esping-Andersen, 1990) and discourses of social exclusion (Levitas, 1998). The conclusion is that policy choices are made about how disaffected, at risk young people are to be provided for, and these policy choices are not contained simply within an education policy and practice setting. The policy responses emerge from national and local government decision-making. They correlate with national indicators of punitiveness in the criminal justice system and the scale of inequalities tolerated. Policies resonate with deep-seated cultural positions which are linked to the willingness to pay – for prevention or for punishment – and with the propensity to allocate blame either to individuals and families or to societal failures. Opportunities for intervention at points in the reinforcing cycle of punitiveness are indicated.

Discourses of Exclusion: Reconceptualising Participation Amongst Young People

This paper considers how varying discourses of social exclusion have informed policies regarding young people's participation in education, training and employment. Drawing on a cohort study of over 800 16–18 olds, the research suggests that the binary categories of exclusion/inclusion, and marginalisation/participation grow less and less adequate as parameters for understanding changing patterns of post-16 participation and non-participation. It is argued that a range of statutory, structural, financial and social pressures to normalise participation produce forms of inclusion that are ephemeral and that carry very different meanings from those implied in discourses of exclusion. The paper gives a brief overview of the changing context in which participation needs to be understood, then presents evidence and analysis of young people's trajectories after 16. Some interpretations are offered of a wide range of meanings of participation, which suggest that old notions of transition to independence are unsustainable for a substantial minority of young people, and that patterns of participation are increasingly complex, have multiple significances, and carry the potential to mask inequalities and new forms of exclusion. These readings have major implications for how we conceptualise social exclusion, and for policy developments associated with it.