Disciplinary Process Research Articles

Suspended, restrained, and secluded: Exploring the relationship between school punishment, disability, and black and white parents’ health outcomes

Several studies confirm that school suspension is associated with declines in students’ academic performance, school dropout, and incarceration. Despite the extensive literature documenting the adverse impact of school suspension on students, few studies have investigated how out-of-school suspension, seclusion, and restraint impact parents of children with disabilities. Using DisCrit as a theoretical framework, we interviewed fifty parents of Black and white children who were diagnosed with cognitive, physical, and behavioral disabilities. Parents stated that school officials suspended, restrained, and secluded their children between 1 and over 30 times. This article features data that suggests the burden of navigating the disciplinary processes associated with out-of-school suspension, seclusion, and restraint are so stressful that they contribute to a deterioration in parents’ physical and mental health. Irrespective of their racial backgrounds, parents expressed that the trauma associated with their child’s school punishment led them to develop physiological and psychosomatic health challenges, such as depression, hypertension, stroke, peri-traumatic emesis, and other health impairments. In this article, we shed light on parents' accounts of how school punishment harmed their children, contributed to job loss, and disrupted their household.

Embodied, caring and disciplinary: A Foucauldian reading of ‘process time’ as constitutive of the biopolitical institution of the family

‘Process time’ describes the recursive/fluid, social and embodied temporality that characterises much ‘women's work’. Though this concept has proven highly useful to feminist analyses of caring and other feminised labour, there has arguably been a tendency for authors in this area to naturalise and valorise this temporality – particularly in relation to the abstract, economic and disciplinary time of the clock. I argue that this naturalisation or valorisation of process time flattens our understanding of feminised labour, and that a feminist social theory of time must recognise the potentially disciplinary forms process time can take. As such, this paper contributes to feminist analyses of time, gender and labour by arguing that the embodied, caring and processual temporality that circulates within modern families can be understood as fundamentally disciplinary. Drawing primarily on Foucauldian theory, as well as Sharon Hays’ concept of ‘intensive mothering’, the paper argues that process time is central to the functioning of the family as a biopolitical institution, just as clock time is integral to the disciplinary mechanisms of the school, prison, barracks, etc. Specifically, it argues that the unique relations of power that circulate within the biopolitical family rely on a unique use of time: one that is intensive and oriented towards the rhythms of the physical body – that is, processual. Further, this disciplinary time is deeply and fundamentally feminine, as it operates (in its ideal form) primarily through the mother.

Eğitim Yönetimde Örgütsel Disiplin Süreçlerine Bütüncül Bakış

In this study, where a holistic view of organizational disciplinary processes in education management is examined, the conceptual framework of disciplinary theory will be discussed. As it is known, discipline refers to compliance with the existing law, rule, order and meets the meanings of words such as order, order, obedience. The concept of discipline is a concept that comes across at home, at work, on the street and at many other points. Although there are changes in their definitions depending on where they are used, the most important common point is that the current order should be protected. Discipline is a concept that literally outweighs the quality of compliance with predetermined rules, but in terms of inclusiveness, it is a concept that includes both the student and the teacher within the limits of compliance with the rules. At the same time, it is a concept that allows the student to develop behaviors that will not create unrest in accordance with the living conditions of the society in which the student is located thanks to discipline, and provides environments that can control this negativity experienced under the relevant conditions when otherwise. Discipline is a concept that ensures the order in which a person can continue the usual process without harming both himself and someone else, without disturbing the order of the classroom and the school. Thanks to discipline, it is possible to comply with the rules set out in schools and the protection of both the person himself and the person in front of him is taken as a basis. The concept of protection contained here includes only both physical and psychological protection. Keywords: Educational Institutions, Educational Management, Organizational Disciplinary Processes

Sensing seaweed settings: Making sense of a mixed-method design for sensory analysis

The focus of this paper is an interdisciplinary approach towards the consumption of novel seaweed foods. Combining social science, food science, and a chemical and biotechnological perspective, we ask the following questions: How do we gain knowledge about the consumer's approach to new marine products on the market? What kinds of methods are suitable and possible to use? In what way can we combine different kinds of methods and what can we learn from each other? In this paper we argue for a mixed methods approach, while ensuring flexibility and openness to disciplinary processes. Through a pilot study and by sharing empirical experiences, we explore the sensory properties of four different seaweed species, to investigate departure points for designing the larger interdisciplinary study about the consumption of novel seaweed products. Navigating the highly complex, interconnected production and consumption systems of seaweed, the question arises of how to reach a deeper understanding and more closely connect the research processes over the borders of different disciplines. We have taken our starting point in an approach that enabled a framework that encouraged engagement and learning throughout the research process.

Student-Led Cricket Matches as a Product of Coaching/Mentoring

Abstract Using a historical, autoethnographic approach in this article, we discuss six student-led cricket matches that we organized in Perth, Australia, from 1979 to 1981. From a Foucauldian perspective, we present these games as a student-led resistance against the normalizing and disciplinary processes of official school and youth cricket. The original scoresheets and match summaries exist both then and now only as subjugated knowledges. As these matches’ two captains, we attribute the positive atmosphere, which encouraged such creative initiatives, as being partly due to one class teacher's vision and ethos, which contrasted with the toxic hypermasculinity of the other men teachers. Through a look at our student-led cricket matches of 1979–1981, we recall memories of whiteness within a socially conservative and overall pro-British cultural context.

How Disciplinary Processes in the Public Service (Legally) Violate Individual Rights: A Case Study from Brazil

The article presents a case study on the law that regulates disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Public Service (Act 8,112/1990). The aim of this investigation is to examine the features of the law that may lead to unfairness in disciplinary processes. Two theoretical concepts guide the investigation: “institutional corruption” and “administrative evil.” Institutional corruption refers to rules, arrangements, and procedures that, despite their legality and ethical intent, exert a systemic and strategic influence that impairs organizational performance and effectiveness. Administrative evil alludes to the phenomenon in which public officials cause harm to innocent people while explaining away their responsibility, usually by projecting negative emotions to an external “object” (i.e., another person). Through a comparison between disciplinary processes and criminal cases, the analysis makes evident that Act. 8,112/1990 deviates from its original purpose of promoting ethical behaviour in the public service because it fails to provide individual protections to defendants. Thus, disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Government can be seen as a case of institutional corruption that opens opportunities for administrative evil. The article presents measures to prevent disciplinary processes from becoming conveyors of institutional corruption and administrative evil and suggest a theme for further research.

Sexual Misconduct: What Does a 20-Year Review of Cases in Quebec Reveal about the Characteristics of Professionals, Victims, and the Disciplinary Process?

While there is a considerable body of literature on sexual aggression, we know much less about the violation of sexual boundaries within professional relationships. To address this knowledge gap, the characteristics of cases of sexual misconduct in the province of Quebec were extracted, based on a search of published disciplinary decisions between 1998 and 2020, using the legal databases CANLII and SOQUIJ. The search yielded 296 decisions including 249 male and 47 female members from 22 professional orders, and involving 470 victims. Results indicate that male professionals approaching mid-career accounted for a greater proportion of cases of sexual misconduct. Moreover, physical and mental health professionals were overrepresented in cases, as were female adult victims. Acts of sexual misconduct concerned mostly sexual touching and intercourse and occurred during consultations. Female professionals were more inclined to establish romantic and sexual relationships with clients than their male counterparts. Of the 92.0% of professionals found guilty of at least one count of sexual misconduct, two thirds eventually returned to practice. Following the guilty verdict, few faced rehabilitative measures. Recommendations are provided for the prevention of sexual recidivism and the accompaniment of victims of sexual misconduct throughout the disciplinary process.

Examining the Global Nursing Regulatory Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing regulatory bodies (NRBs) worldwide adopted a variety of measures to bolster the nursing workforce and ensure patient safety. To examine the plethora of actions undertaken by the global nursing community in response to the public health emergency so that NRBs can increase transparency and better prepare for future crises. In early 2021, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing developed an online survey to capture data on the global regulatory response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey focused on five specific domains: (a) governance, (b) telehealth practices, (c) nurse mobility, (d) prelicensure education, and (e) the disciplinary process. The instrument was translated into 11 languages before being deployed to 150 non-U.S. regulatory representatives. Frequencies and proportions were generated for all fixed-item responses, and descriptive content analyses were applied to translated open-text responses. Regulators representing 27 jurisdictions provided valid responses to the survey. Most jurisdictions reported that components of nursing education were adapted in some way during the pandemic. More than half (53.8%, n = 14) of respondents indicated that changes were made to clinical and didactic curricula to ensure students graduated on time. About one-third (30.8%, n = 8) of representatives revealed that their jurisdiction had made changes to telehealth regulations, with many granting telehealth-specific nursing licenses. Most jurisdictions (88.5%, n = 23) also reported fewer or about the same number of regulatory complaints compared to before the pandemic. The results of this study highlight the range of actions nursing regulators worldwide adopted, which may be drawn upon to inform best practices to ensure jurisdictions are ready for the next public health emergency.

징계대상자의 방어권 보장에 대한 소고

There was a conflict between the judgment of the lower court and the Supreme Court regarding the adequacy of the right of defense granted to public officials in disciplinary proceedings. In other words, the Supreme Court made a judgment 2022du33323 on July 14, 2022, which is against the original trial in the lower court (2020nu52759, sentenced by Seoul High Court, on January 13). the Supreme Court judged that there is a reason not to disclose the victim's personal information and that The disciplinary agency fully guaranteed the right to defend. Also, the Supreme Court judged that the plaintiff knew who the anonymous victims were and there was no problem with the plaintiff's exercise of defense rights. However, the Supreme Court’s judgement, 2022du33323 has the following problems. First of all, it was used as a basis for judging that there was no problem in guaranteeing the plaintiff's right to defense during the disciplinary process due to the fact that there was no objection that the victim was not specified during the disciplinary process. Secondly, It was wrong to dismiss the plaintiff’s claim, citing the situation in which the plaintiff was already aware of the victim while allowing the anonymous treatment of the witness due to the victim's secondary damage. Lastly, It is unfair to cause the plaintiff to fundamentally lose the opportunity to deny his or her disciplinary charges. For this reason, it is thought that a disciplinary agency, the defendant violated the plaintiff's right to defend, and that the Supreme Court's judgment ignored the principle of due process in this case. Paradoxically, 2022du33323 demonstrated the need for institutional supplementation in the following areas of the disciplinary process. Among them, this paper presents three supplementary points. ① First of all, the administrative agency sufficiently informs the person of the right to participate in an attorney until the time of disciplinary action, so that the person subject to disciplinary action is given an opportunity to utilize it. ② Next, The Appeal Review Committee shall facilitate the submission of data by both parties apart from keeping the victim confidential. ③ Lastly, in disciplinary action, the victim's personal information, reasons for disciplinary action, and the contents of disciplinary action must be disclosed to the parties, and the Defendant Administrative Agency must faithfully prove the contents of the disciplinary action. In the end, such institutional improvements are necessary to ensure the principle of due process. by improvements, it is expected that the person subject to disciplinary action will exercise the right to defend more effectively in the disciplinary process and that an appropriate level of relief will be achieved.

“In China, I live to eat. Here, I eat to live”

The population of international students in Canadian post-secondary institutions, including in dietetic programs, is growing. In addition to academic stress, international students must cope with culture change and acculturative stress, which has been found to increase the prevalence of problematic eating and body image concerns among this population. Research indicates that problematic eating and body image concerns may also be relatively high among dietetic students due, in part, to the emphasis on body weight management and the narrow representations of healthy eating, and the disciplinary processes of professional socialization that are characteristic of dietetic education. For international dietetic students, vulnerability to problematic eating and body image concerns may be particularly acute, given their position as both dietetic and international students. However, little is known about the experiences of this population, and if, how and to what extent being an international dietetic student may impact on eating and body image concerns, or what efforts may be needed to prevent and support those experiencing these concerns. This research used the EAT-26 questionnaire and one-on- one, semi-structured interviews to explore how culture change impacts eating and body image among Mandarin-speaking, Chinese international dietetic students. Results indicate that culture change has a significant impact on the relationships to food and on eating and body image among the study population. Further research is needed to elucidate the impacts of culture change, and how dietetic educators may best support international dietetic students.

On reducing disparities in office discipline referrals: a systematic review of underlying theories

ABSTRACT Root causes of disproportionality in exclusionary discipline are multiply determined. Teachers’ perceptions and implicit biases, enacted within the contexts of schools as racialised organisations, shape how educators interpret and respond to student behaviour. Focusing on the referral phase of the disciplinary process, this systematic review of theoretical frameworks applied in studies on discipline-disparity reduction uncovers how scholars have theorised the impacts of school-based programmes seeking to diminish inequities. We analysed research published between 1990 and 2021 to examine how empirically evaluated programs and their theoretical underpinnings have approached discipline disparities and their alignment with root causes established in the broader literature base. Our findings indicated that studies’ conceptual frameworks were commonly at odds with established theory regarding root causes, and we found a notable absence of frameworks related to schools as white, hegemonic spaces. We advocate that researchers apply conceptual frameworks that decentre whiteness, smartness, and goodness in schools.

Navigating Tensions in School Discipline: Examining School Leaders, Teachers, and the Conversion of Referrals into Suspensions

Purpose: Racial inequality in school discipline is an important challenge facing educational stakeholders. There is little research on how educators exercise discretion in navigating the disciplinary process from perceived misbehavior to disciplinary consequences. Research Methods/Approach: This study draws primarily on semistructured interviews with district leaders, school administrators, and teachers in an urban emergent district in the southeastern United States to examine how principals, assistant principals, and teachers relate to and interact with each other in determining students’ disciplinary consequences. Findings: The findings illustrate the variation of administrators’ disciplinary philosophies across interventionist, interactionalist, and noninterventionist tendencies. Relationships and interactions among school leaders and teachers are a major component of the organizational dynamics underlying how perceived misbehavior is handled in schools. School-level decisions about the generation and adjudication of office discipline referrals are the product of interactional patterns and relationships among adults in schools that partly shape discretion and accountability in disciplinary decisions. The findings unearth two key tensions—disciplinary philosophical tensions and discretion and accountability for office discipline referrals tensions—among district leaders, school administrators, and teachers navigating referrals and further disciplinary consequences. Implications: More intensive on-the-job support for both school leaders and teachers is needed to reduce racial inequality in suspensions. Developing the professional capacity of teachers and school leaders through mentoring, coaching, and professional development is crucial to replacing exclusionary discipline with nonpunitive practices. Districts ought to prioritize supporting school leaders in developing and expanding their professional capacity, who in turn support teachers in addressing school discipline challenges.

DOE Title IX Revamp of Campus Disciplinary Process Casts Wide Net

DOE Title IX Revamp of Campus Disciplinary Process Casts Wide Net

Managing Human Capital Through the Use of Performance Improvement Plans

Management of human capital through the use of performance management systems and performance improvement plans is of the utmost importance to managers. Employees are the most valuable assets companies possess. Effective management of human capital can have a direct impact on individual and team performance, as well as the success of the business. This paper focuses on the use of the performance improvement plan and its impact on employee performance outside of the progressive disciplinary process. In this paper, we review the existing literature on human capital and performance improvement plans, and make managerial recommendations for the use of performance improvement plans going forward.

Secondary students’ perceptions of their school’s disciplinary processes

The term school discipline includes student self-management, classroom management, behaviour management, and school exclusion practices. This article is based on the perspectives of rangatahi on disciplinary practices from two different high schools. Ten Years 9–11 students from one school who had experienced exclusion, and 10 fully engaged Year 13 students in another school reflected on their strategic navigation of the culture of classroom and school discipline. Students were aware of how to exercise agency within their school’s disciplinary regime and called for more democratic and equitable processes and dialogical relationships with their teachers.

The institutionalisation of biology in the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1866-1894.

Biology, like most scientific disciplines, emerged in the nineteenth century. However, disciplinary institutionalisation processes are not linear; a concept can be proposed, but not develop. Biology originated in the presence of established traditions such as anatomy, physiology, botany, and zoology, which represent the thematic and practical diversity under which it was understood. Based on the records of the annual meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the process by which biology emerged will be described. We will also recount how the discipline underwent changes throughout the century, where contrasting methodologies and theories were emphasized at different times.

2022 징계법정주의 관점에서 바라본 공무원의 임용 전 비위행위와 징계

Regarding the disciplinary action of public officials prior to appointment, the majority of the academic community today views that in cases where the misconduct before the appointment is so serious that serving as a public servant is not allowed, the act of appointment itself can be either canceled or withdrawn but cannot be the cause for disciplinary action, in principle. In some cases, however, such as when a particular behavior before the appointment has resulted in the subsequent injury to the dignity of public officials, disciplinary action can be taken on the grounds that it violates the duties of public officials after the appointment (or for failing to maintain the dignity as a public official). However, these opinions of the majority appear to follow the Supreme Court’s judgment uncritically. As a result, it led to harmful consequences by excessively linking the misconduct before the appointment with the act of appointment in the actual disciplinary process. However, discipline, unlike punishment, is based on public official relations. Therefore, to use an act that does not occur in public official relations as a reason for discipline is contrary to the basic nature of the discipline. Accordingly, the logic of such disciplinary action on exceptional grounds referred to in Supreme Court precedent would be incorrect. In the discipline of public officials and teachers, etc., legal principles should be applied more rigorously in addition to the principle of statutory discipline which states the requirements, procedures, level of disciplinary measures, standards, and procedures for dissatisfaction, etc., must be explicitly stipulated by law. However, the Supreme Court precedent or the majority opinions from academia are regarded as the result of analogical or extended interpretation in disciplinary action, and such results are a violation of the principle of statutory discipline, which cannot be easily agreed upon. However, when such rigorous interpretation applies, problems could arise such as how to resolve misconduct related to the appointment. As its interpretation would be difficult, a separate statute should be established so that if any misconduct is found before or after the appointment, the appointment can be canceled, or other measures can be taken. Furthermore, clear provisions on the statute of the prescription are necessary to ensure legal stability. This requires a systematic examination of the current statute and provisions on punishment.

2022 징계법정주의 관점에서 바라본 공무원의 임용 전 비위행위와 징계

Regarding the disciplinary action of public officials prior to appointment, the majority of the academic community today views that in cases where the misconduct before the appointment is so serious that serving as a public servant is not allowed, the act of appointment itself can be either canceled or withdrawn but cannot be the cause for disciplinary action, in principle. In some cases, however, such as when a particular behavior before the appointment has resulted in the subsequent injury to the dignity of public officials, disciplinary action can be taken on the grounds that it violates the duties of public officials after the appointment (or for failing to maintain the dignity as a public official). However, these opinions of the majority appear to follow the Supreme Court’s judgment uncritically. As a result, it led to harmful consequences by excessively linking the misconduct before the appointment with the act of appointment in the actual disciplinary process. However, discipline, unlike punishment, is based on public official relations. Therefore, to use an act that does not occur in public official relations as a reason for discipline is contrary to the basic nature of the discipline. Accordingly, the logic of such disciplinary action on exceptional grounds referred to in Supreme Court precedent would be incorrect. In the discipline of public officials and teachers, etc., legal principles should be applied more rigorously in addition to the principle of statutory discipline which states the requirements, procedures, level of disciplinary measures, standards, and procedures for dissatisfaction, etc., must be explicitly stipulated by law. However, the Supreme Court precedent or the majority opinions from academia are regarded as the result of analogical or extended interpretation in disciplinary action, and such results are a violation of the principle of statutory discipline, which cannot be easily agreed upon. However, when such rigorous interpretation applies, problems could arise such as how to resolve misconduct related to the appointment. As its interpretation would be difficult, a separate statute should be established so that if any misconduct is found before or after the appointment, the appointment can be canceled, or other measures can be taken. Furthermore, clear provisions on the statute of the prescription are necessary to ensure legal stability. This requires a systematic examination of the current statute and provisions on punishment.

An investigation on a holistic framework of green port transition based on energy and environmental sustainability

Ports manage many disciplinary processes in maritime transport and the economic mobility of sectoral stakeholders in a circular economic value chain. This process requires developing a holistic concept to ensure the energy and environmental sustainability of ports while improving the resource efficiency and environmental sustainability associated with green growth. In this study, first, a conceptual framework related to the green concept to support environmental sustainability was developed. The green transition was examined intuitively based on green concept criteria in a reference port region, while the energy efficiency potential of ports was assessed using a holistic approach. In the study, air pollution and efficient energy use were found to be the needed indicators for the green concept. According to the holistic evaluation, the energy efficiency potential of the port region was found to be 17.6%, and the release of 25.16 tons of CO2 to the environment would be prevented. Moreover, when the manageability of energy in ports was evaluated with ISO50001 criteria in the reference port region, the main important needs were observed in 18 indicators. At the end of the study, the development of energy and environmental sustainability was evaluated in terms of decision processes, and suggestions were made.

OCR concludes university didn’t discriminate

Case name: Letter re: Brigham Young University‐Idaho, No. 10172092 (OCR 06/25/21).