Disciplinary Code Research Articles

El código disciplinar de la historia escolar en España: Algunas ideas para la explicación de la sociogénesis de una materia de enseñanza

This paper explains the heuristic potential of the concept of disciplinary code, when applied to the study of the sociological origins of History teaching in Spain. The disciplinary code of History as a subject – seen as an invented social tradition – began in the middle of the nineteenth century. Its main features – archaism, nationalism, elitism and rote learning – survived during the period of traditional-elitist education model, which lasted in Spain until the 1960s. It went through a revision process, more apparent than real, under the education reforms of 1970 and 1990 a period in which the technocratic mass education model prevailed. Traditional teaching styles continued while reforms were being implemented. They prevail with even greater strength today, reaffirmed by conservative education policies, which aim at a tighter control over the curriculum, by returning to the old norms of the disciplinary code.

Law & Psychiatry: "Depressed? Get Out!": Dealing With Suicidal Students on College Campuses

Law & Psychiatry: "Depressed? Get Out!": Dealing With Suicidal Students on College Campuses

The disciplinary code for nurses and its contribution to the quality of nursing care in the Netherlands

Aim: To obtain insight into the contribution of the disciplinary code for nurses to monitoring the quality of nursing care in the Netherlands. Methods: Complaints dealt with in the period 1998–2001 were studied. Questionnaires were sent to 3200 nurses (71%), all 388 members of the disciplinary boards (89%) and 43 lawyers (65%). Results: There was an increase in the number of nurses who were accused (20 in 1998, 12 in 1999, 54 in 2000, and 56 in 2001) and also in the annual percentages of sanctions imposed (0% in 1998, 8% in 1999, 13% in 2000 and 16% in 2001). The disciplinary code appears to be an important corrective instrument for serious professional misconduct.

História com Pedagogia: a contribuição da obra de Jonathas Serrano na construção do código disciplinar da História no Brasil

O artigo tem como foco a obra de Jonathas Serrano (1855-1944), membro do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro e professor de História do Colégio Pedro II. O estudo centrou-se na obra didática desse autor, particularmente em seus principais manuais voltados à formação de professores de História e destinados a alunos. As análises, pautadas no conceito de "código disciplinar", permitem sugerir que as obras de Jonathas Serrano introduziram de forma sistemática a influência da pedagogia no ensino de História, constituindo-se em importante contribuição para a construção do código disciplinar da História no Brasil.

Evaluation of the Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways (RIPP) Seventh Grade Violence Prevention Curriculum

We evaluated the impact of RIPP-7, a seventh grade violence prevention curriculum designed to strengthen and extend the effects of the sixth grade RIPP-6 curriculum. Classes of seventh graders at two urban middle schools serving predominantly African-American youth where RIPP-6 had been implemented the preceding school year were randomized to intervention (N = 239) and control groups (N = 237). Compared to students in the control group, students who participated in RIPP-7 had fewer disciplinary code violations for violent offenses during the following school year. A limited number of main effects were found on self-report outcome measures and measures of attitudes. Although significant main effects were not found on self-report measures of physical aggression, drug use, or anxiety, analyses of interactions with pretest scores indicated that intervention effects were significantly moderated by pretest scores for several outcome measures. Students most likely to benefit from the intervention were those who reported higher pretest rates of problem behaviors including violent behavior, nonphysical aggression, and delinquent behavior.

Inclusion, exclusion and children's rights

This case study examines the experiences of a student who was excluded twice from a mainstream school while preparing for GCSE examinations. The authors are the student and his aunt. The exclusions were for an indefinite period and were triggered as a result of the school's inability to respond adequately to recurring epileptic seizures. The student, who has Asperger syndrome and a statement of special educational needs, had not broken any disciplinary code. Teachers' understanding of the label ‘special educational needs’ is questioned. The SEN and Disability Act 2001 has far-reaching implications for school ethos and culture. Schools' failure to anticipate the needs of students with disabilities or SEN may well lead to unlawful discrimination. Inclusive schools will need to recognize that in meeting students' individual needs the institution itself may need to change. Barriers to genuine parent partnership in education must be overcome, and children's participation rights, as confirmed in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, must be respected.

New Zealand Rugby Union: Disciplinary Processes

THE ‘KANGAROO Court’ was the accepted mode of discipline pre-1990 for rugby players who had offended so badly on the field of play that the presiding referee determined to send them from the field and disqualify them from further participation in the match. That offending player was then summoned to attend a ‘hearing’ before a panel often comprising persons who had ‘an interest’ in the match, but on arrival was informed that he would need to sit outside while the panel heard ‘evidence’ from the referee. Then he was requested to appear, say as little as possible, and to accept his punishment. The process was so flawed that some lawyers had Monday morning interim injunction applications ready and waiting, along with judicial review papers to challenge such tribunal suspensions for obvious breaches of natural justice. Several well known players, including the present disciplinary commissioner for the New Zealand Rugby Union, were able to continue to play rugby and participate in important representative matches because of such an approach. It is intended in this article to look, at the development of the disciplinary code from those days, to comment on some of the changes and the way in which the code has operated, and to express some ideas for improvement. In doing so it is not intended to be an all-encompassing or fully detailed description but to provide an ‘informative cameo’. In 1990, the New Zealand Rugby Union commissioned a committee to remedy the flawed situation relating to its disciplinary process and to provide its members with a code to deal with all disciplinary matters. The Black Book was born. John Dowling, a Dunedin solicitor, was the chair of the committee, whose task in formulating the rules ‘was the need to express them in plain and unambiguous and non-legalistic language’. The …

Whistleblowing, Red Chips, and the Provisional Legislature in Hong Kong

The reversion of Hong Kong and its 6.4 million residents from Britain to China became an international headline. The grand reversion celebration at midnight on June 30, 1997, was attended by world leaders. There was much debate about who would attend the inauguration of the Beijing-appointed legislative council, and the world watched to see whether China would interrupt protest organized by democracy supporters. But underlying the highly publicized events is one main question: Will Deng Xiaoping's model of One Country Two Systems work? Further questions spring up: Can prosperous, capitalist mega-city survive with some autonomy and maintain the rule of law while being part of socialist mainland China? How can One Country Two Systems be implemented? As Hong Kong-born Chinese of parents from the neighboring province of Fujian, I look forward to the long-term success of Deng's model and hope to contribute to the realization of this success by analyzing three controversial aspects of Hong Kong's return to China: whistle-blowing, red chips (mainland China-funded companies), and the Provisional legislature in Hong If these issues arc not handled properly with informed decisions, they can undermine the good intentions of both Beijing and Hong Hong Kong's experiences as returns to China also highlight issues of concern to public administrators everywhere. The issues that have come up so far suggest what institutions or procedures arc necessary to fight corruption, human rights, and maintain the rule of law. Whistleblowing: Civil Servant's Free Speech and Decolonization In 1989, the United States enacted the Whistleblower Protection Act (Jos, Tompkins, and Hays, 1989, 558). The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) also asks its members to protect the whistleblowing rights of public in Section II(6) of its Code of Ethics. The situation may not be perfect in the United States, but there is some recognition of the need to whistleblowers. There is less recognition of this need in the United Kingdom. The internal disciplinary code requires civil servants to obtain prior permission for outside speech. Two cases highlight the unsatisfactory situation in Britain: the prime minister refused to remove the reprimand against Trevor Brown's disclosure of lack of nuclear safety (Cripps, 1983, 602-603) and the whistleblowing doctors and nurses in the British National Health Service all suffered reprisals (Laurance and Dobson, 1993, 12). The situation was much worse during the 150-odd years of colonial rule in Hong Writing in 1988, Terry T. Lui (161 n. 28) defined whistleblowing as a situation when an official sounds an alarm drawing attention to instances of abuse or neglect in the organization which might threaten the public interest and she reported no documented cases of whistleblowing among serving civil servants in Hong Kong. If whistleblowing deserved only the attention of an endnote in 1988, the political change since then has made the subject more prominent. In 1994 survey, Clark concluded that the situation in Hong Kong was serious that single law on protecting whistleblowers would not be enough, and argued that the whole structure of accountability, along with free press and an administrative culture of openness, were also important (1994, 147). Chua and Gould, in considering what kind of whistleblower's protection legislation would ensure accountability and the autonomy of the Hong Kong civil service, concluded that Hong Kong organizations can live with the injury of their secrets being revealed, but they simply cannot abide the insult that one of their own trusted employees has violated the Weberian Contract in order to do it (1995, 251, 260). As the date of the reversion drew near, Hong Kong's Chief Secretary Anson Chan became much more outspoken on Hong Kong's move towards lesser political freedoms and civil liberties (South China Morning Post, 19 May 1997). …

The criminal upperworid and the emergence of a disciplinary code in the early chartered accountancy profession

The paper analyses the circumstances which resulted in the formulation of a disciplinary code by the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh (SAE) during the 1880s. The episode is related through historical biographies of two villainous practitioners: Henry Callender and Donald Smith Peddie. The absence of codified regulations pertaining to professional conduct in the early constitution of the SAE is explored in the context of prevailing vocational ideologies and the role of admission stipulations as sociocultural filtering devices. It is revealed that organisational responses to cases of criminal misconduct were positively correlated with the degree of "offence visibility" and the resultant level of adverse publicity. The protective and status-preserving motives for the framing of disciplinary rules by professional associations are also highlighted. The study emphasises the potential impact of the disreputable practitioner on the construction and destruction of the institutions of professionalism.

Is it time for a formal disciplinary code for psychiatric in-patients in England and Wales?

Within psychiatric hospitals it is not legal for staff to formally punish a patient for any misdemeanour. The staff response to such an incident is cloaked in therapeutic terms even if it is in effect a disciplinary punishment. To avoid injustice and introduce safeguards into this process Professor Genevra Richardson (1993, 1995) suggests the need for the introduction of a disciplinary code for psychiatric in-patients. This paper discusses the need for better guidance for psychiatric staff and the problems of punitive sanctions on patients.

Remedies for Breach of the Contract of Employment

Wallie Nangle was an executive officer in the Lord Chancellor's Department. In November 1989, it was alleged that he had sexually harassed a female colleague. Following an investigation in which the complaint was upheld, Mr. Nangle was transferred to another department with a loss of increments for 12 months. This decision was upheld after an appeal to the permanent secretary in the department, though the loss of increments was reduced from 12 to three months. Alleging that these decisions had been taken in breach of the rules of natural justice and with procedural impropriety Nangle sought judicial review. But the application failed, with the Divisional Court holding that despite his status as a civil servant, the plaintiff was engaged under a contract of service and that he should seek relief in contract rather than public law to remedy any loss which he had suffered.1 The question which arose in this case was precisely what remedies could Nangle secure in private law? He might recover damages for any loss of increments if the employer had in fact failed to comply with the terms of the disciplinary code. But it is difficult to see what contractual remedy would have been available at the time against the Crown to restrain a disciplinary transfer on the ground that the disciplinary proceedings were conducted in breach of the rules of natural justice, that is to say in breach of rules applying more usually in public law which the courts have shown little desire to apply in the context of employment.

Micropolitics in Schools: the Case of the Disciplinary Code

Micropolitics in Schools: the Case of the Disciplinary Code

Micropolitics in Schools: the Case of the Disciplinary Code

Micropolitics in Schools: the Case of the Disciplinary Code

Procuratorate Work Report

Procuratorial organs are invested with the special responsibility of protecting the democratic rights of citizens. In the past year, procuratorial organs at all levels have reinforced their function to supervise legal and disciplinary matters and have prosecuted a number of grave criminal cases involving violation of citizens' democratic rights or malfeasance. The emphasis was on a handful of government personnel and officials and members of political, legal, or public security departments who extracted confessions through use of force, detained citizens illegally, or miscarried law and justice to serve their own ends. In 1984, procuratorates in the country handled a total of 20, 000 cases involving violations of law and discipline, of which 5, 400 were officially put on record and 5, 000 were prosecuted. They also handled a number of cases which, though violating the criminal or disciplinary code, were not severe enough to be criminally prosecuted. Culprits concerned were given warning, required to repen...

Legislating School Discipline

In some Chicago schools the system's discipline code is ignored, even unfamiliar.

Guidelines for Developing a Discipline Code for an Effective Learning Environment

Considering the high priority discipline holds on the public's agenda and the clear relationship between a safe and orderly environment and effective schools, no school can afford to ignore discipline code handbooks.

Organisational change and fundamental rights in the Dutch army: 1966?1976

The beginnings of modem military penal and disciplinary law coincide with the so-called military revolution (1560-1660) [1]. During this period the army was created, more or less as it still exists to this day: an organisation of strict discipline, hierarchical structure and subject to the State. In 1590 the "Artyculbrief ofte Ordonnantie op de Discipline Militaire" was drafted in the Netherlands for the mercenaries of Prince Maurice. The drill of the mercenaries allowed them to function as cogs in a machine, as it were. This military penal code was adopted by the States-General. It defined offences, punishments and the jurisdiction of the court martial. The "Artyculbrief" was replaced in 1799 by the "Regulations of Military Discipline or Criminal Code for the State Militia." In 1814/1815, new laws in the field of military penal and disciplinary law and procedure were created, though not to everyone's satisfaction. In 1923, a new military penal code was introduced which put an end to analogical interpretation that had been possible ever since the "Artyculbrief". In 1963, the military law of criminal procedure was partly amended. Since 1965, a parliamentary procedure for the complete revision of military criminal procedural law has been pending, while much work has been done on military disciplinary law since 1967 this latter circumstance being of some consequence for military penal law too. The Netherlands is not the only country where fundamental rights would appear to lead a laborious existence in the armed forces. Fundamental rights vary in meaning, just as the societies in which they have developed vary. While fundamental rights in America were of a pre-state nature, were pre-political, self-evident rights, on the European continent they were political achievements. They gave rise to the New Order after the fall of the Ancien Regime, an order in which the separation of powers [2] was to prevent tyranny. Specifically, the separation of powers in Europe can also be seen as the rational division of the three state tasks: legislation, administration and judicature, the result being reliable and calculable law [3]. (Whether this is still

Works rule books in the engineering industry1

A study of works rule books indicates that their purpose, consciously or unconsciously, extends considerably beyond the mere outlining of a disciplinary code. From the management's point of view they fulfil contractual, legal, informative and expressive roles. Moreover the tone of the language in which they are couched and, where subject matter is concerned, some surprising omissions provide an additional insight into management attitudes.