Disaster Information System Research Articles

SDN based QoS Control Methods with the Classifications of IoT Data Transmissions for Disaster Information Systems

With the recent IoT (Internet of Things) technology developments, new functions are expected tothe future DIS (Disaster Information System) with IoT devices. However, it is considered that theincreased IoT data would cause congestions for Internet services, and it is necessary to consider theQoS (Quality of Service) controls for the system. Therefore, this paper proposes the QoS controlmethods using the SDN (Software Defined Network) by the classifications of IoT data transmissions.In detail, first of all, the routing functions with the Extend Dijkstra’s algorithm is introduced. In therouting, IoT data is classified into four categories, and the proper route is selected by the Dijkstra’salgorithm with the QoS priority values of the classifications. Also, the switching functions are introducedto avoid network congestion in the selected route. In the switching, if the IoT traffic loadreaches more than 80 percent of the maximum throughput of the selected route, the IoT data is distributedby the additional route. The paper then reports the implementations of the prototype systemby using the SDN, and the experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Web-Based Integrated Disaster Information System For Optimizing The Role and Function of The Data and Information Center (PUSDATIN) Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Sidoarjo

The Data and Information Center (PUSDATIN) is the main facility for disaster management. Integrated data is the main support in determining disaster management policies. The purpose of research is to built an integrated disaster information system to optimize the function of PUSDATIN. The research method used was interviews and data collection. This system was developed using MySQL and Dreamweaver. There are 3 (three) user levels : user, admin and super admin. The result is an integrated disaster information system on web-based that can be accessed by anyone, according to the level of user, users can execute CRUD commands smoothly, data redundancies can be reduced, and optimization of BPBD resources by using PUSDATIN as 1 (one) gate data. The conclusion of this research is this web-based integrated disaster information system running well and has a positive effect on the performance of PUSDATIN as a traffic data center for disasters and fires.

Local risk managers’ and disaster volunteers’ awareness of, attitudes toward, and intention to use a local government-developed disaster information system: A Case study of SIKK Magelang

SIKK (Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Kabupaten or Regency Disaster Information System) Magelang is a disaster information system developed by local government in Magelang Regency to support disaster management. Despite having useful features, as with many e-government services, it shows a low adoption rate. This paper aims to explore the barriers impeding the adoption of SIKK Magelang from the perspective of local risk managers and disaster volunteers. Preliminary data were gathered by scrutinizing related disaster management documents and SIKK Magelang reports and interviewing the information system’s operators. Next, a half-day workshop was conducted with the help of BPBD (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) of Magelang Regency to assess local risk managers’ and disaster volunteers’ awareness of, intention to use, and attitudes toward SIKK Magelang. Of the 150 people invited, 112 attended the workshop; however, 107 participants could be analyzed. We found that participants had a low awareness of SIKK Magelang and were unfamiliar with the disaster information system. After the trial session, however, they had positive attitudes toward the information system and were willing to use it in the future, especially in the context of supporting their disaster-related tasks. Our findings indicate that SIKK Magelang has the potential to be more widely used by local risk managers and disaster volunteers. More effort should be put into promoting SIKK Magelang, such as producing a clear tutorial.

Incorporating interaction terms in multivariate linear regression for post-event flood waste estimation

Multivariate linear regression methodology has been conceived as a viable technique in flood waste estimation. The fundamental assumption of the conventional flood waste model, independence between input variables, may not work in reality. As an alternative, we evaluated the effectiveness of including interaction terms in flood waste modeling. The secondary objectives include to suggest the strategy in flood waste mitigation and to explore a plausible explanation to the modeling results. In the scheme of model development and assessment, ninety flood cases in South Korea were statistically analyzed. Input variables for regression analysis were selected from available datasets in the national disaster information system and the selected variables were flood damage variables used to quantify the amount of flood waste. According to the results, incorporating the interaction terms improved the estimation accuracy of the model. The single-variable sensitivity analysis revealed that mitigating damage to rivers and croplands would most efficiently reduce potential flood waste generation. The interaction terms appeared to compensate for the over/underestimated waste amounts by single terms, and they explained the nonlinear response of waste generation. Observations made throughout the field survey revealed that the nonlinear and interactive pattern of flood waste generation corresponded to the results from the regression analysis. In a practical aspect, incorporating the interaction terms would be an effective method to enhance the flood waste estimation model without costly works for further variables exploration.

Radio waves-based landslide mitigation system

Indonesian territory has a high potential for geological disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis. To provide disaster protection it is necessary to carry out mitigation which is a preventive action to minimize the negative impact of natural disasters that occur. In areas where the GSM network is large enough, the disaster information system is being replaced by the advanced technology developed by the GSM protocol. However, if there is a telecommunication disruption and when all the regular communication infrastructure is down as well as geographic conditions are not covered by the public network. So one of the effective media in an effort to create an ideal information system is radio communication, which is widely used by Amatir Radio members who are widespread in Indonesia which can be accessed by all levels of society with a wide range. So this research was conducted by utilizing the VHF spectrum radio wave transmission with a frequency of 144 MHz as a transmission medium to convey information signals on landslide disaster mitigation for the community. From the system integration measurements were taken to obtain the value of the ground motion sensor and the range of radio wave transmission.

Student Knowledge about Disaster in Vocational School and High School: Case study in Lombok, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the disaster-prone countries. Disaster mitigation requires the role of the community. Schools have an important role in providing knowledge about disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand the level of student knowledge about the disaster. The research population were SMA / SMK in Lombok Regency, especially North Lombok, East Lombok and West Lombok. Respondents were students who were from 10 high schools; the total respondent was 779 people. To find out about student knowledge about disasters associated with six aspects, among others: 1) knowledge of disaster risk; 2) student responses to disasters; 3) disaster warning system; 4) disaster information system; 5) Local wisdom; 6) emergency planning. Data was analysed by using percentage calculations illustrated by pie charts. The results of the study concluded that based on the description of the six aspects of the disaster knowledge shows that the average level of the disaster’s knowledge has not reached more than 50% good category. The data means that schools must provide socialization that is more effective and training to students about disaster knowledge. This is very important sufficient knowledge, students and schools will play a greater role in disaster mitigation.

Web-based geographic information system for flood disaster using spatial autoregressive method

The territory of Indonesia is classified as one of the countries prone to disasters, both natural disasters and disasters caused by human activities. Flood disaster is one example of a disaster that often occurs, especially in the DKI Jakarta area. The common cause of the flooding is usually caused by high rainfall exceeding the average in general so that water sources such as rivers, reservoirs, and lakes cannot accommodate the amount of rainwater. This is also supported because the water absorption system is minimal so that it is unable to absorb excess water, causing flooding. The method used to define the relationship between various factors and the relationship between regions is to use the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) method. In order to get a better relationship between regions, the existing spatial data will be visualized with the Geographical Information System. This research focuses on creating a web-based Geographic Information System application. Applications created using the programming language PHP and Javascript with the Codeigniter framework. The results obtained by the SAR equation to predict the height of flooding in the DKI Jakarta Province and the test results using the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) were 1.354656% while using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was 2.157288%. Testing applications using the black box testing method was obtained by 93.35%. This shows that the SAR Model is suitable for predicting flood heights in the DKI Jakarta Province. This flood prediction can be used one year from the prediction model made.

Application Design: Community Response to Disaster Information System Features

Application Design: Community Response to Disaster Information System Features

Modeling the Factors Influencing the Adoption of a Map-Based Disaster Application in Indonesia: A Case of SIKK Magelang

Indonesia has high exposure to natural hazards, frequent disaster events, and a highly vulnerable population. Hence, risk communication and disaster information dissemination are crucial to reducing risks. Numerous disaster mobile applications (apps) with location-based services or maps already exist for facilitating risk communication to the public; however, availability does not automatically translate into use or adoption. Therefore, to understand the factors influencing the adoption of a map-based disaster app, the factors that affect the adoption of a local government-initiated map-based disaster app in Indonesia, namely Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Kabupaten Magelang, or Disaster Information System of Magelang Regency (SIKK Magelang), were examined through the theoretical lenses of a combined information system (IS) success model. Partial Least Squared – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), with the help of Smart-PLS, was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the proposed constructs (latent variables). Nine exogenous latent variables were proposed as the antecedents of intention to use a map-based disaster application (the endogenous latent variable), including information quality, system quality, familiarity with online maps, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction, facilitating conditions, risk perceptions, information seeking behavior, and perceived quality of the Internet connection. Information-seeking behavior was also predicted to be influenced by risk perception. A questionnaire survey with an app trial was conducted in Magelang Regency for data collection. The study results confirmed the applicability of the combined IS success model frameworks in predicting the adoption of this map-based disaster app by the public. Although new constructs representing disaster-related online maps and familiarity with those maps were initially proposed in the contextual model, the model validation results showed that intention to use SIKK Magelang was significantly influenced only by perceived usefulness and user satisfaction. Practically, this study’s results offer guidance to the local emergency managers in Indonesia, especially Magelang Regency, regarding how to develop strategies to increase the app’s adoption.

An Interactive Web-Gis Development for Risk Tsunami Hazard Potential Information In Pangandaran Village West Java

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>In 2006, a tsunami disaster occurred on the coast of Pangandaran Regency which claimed up to 664 fatalities. A large number of people died due to lack of information in knowing areas that are prone to tsunami disasters. Therefore, a geographic information system for the tsunami disaster is needed to facilitate the Pangandaran community to find out areas that are prone to tsunami disasters. In making a geographic information system web tsunami disaster using GeoServer, PostgreSQL and LeafletJS. Making a geographic information system web is done in several ways, namely, entering shapefile data into a database and then displaying it on a map server. The results of creating a web of the tsunami geographic information system contain information on land use, public facilities, hamlet boundaries, road networks, river networks and tsunami disaster mitigation.</em></p>

Domain-specific sentiment analysis for tweets during hurricanes (DSSA-H): A domain-adversarial neural-network-based approach

Hurricanes are one of the most frequent and destructive disasters in the United States. The events are large scale and have relatively long-term impacts. Social networking platforms such as Twitter can provide real-time information for disaster managers and affected populations during large-scale disasters (e.g., hurricanes), but extracting useful information and interpreting data accurately for disaster management is still challenging. Sentiment analysis of social media data helps detect the concerns of affected people and understand individuals' responses on the ground at unprecedented scales, but the method is known to be domain-dependent. The same words or expressions can indicate opposite sentiments in different domains. This paper proposes a domain-specific sentiment analysis approach specifically for tweets posted during hurricanes (DSSA-H). DSSA-H can retrieve hurricane-relevant tweets with a trained supervised-learning classifier, Random Forest (RF), and classify the sentiment of hurricane-relevant tweets based on a domain-adversarial neural network (DANN). We built a dataset of tweets posted during six recent hurricanes and applied the DSSA-H approach for sentiment analysis. After evaluation, we found that each classifier (i.e., RF and DANN) outperforms baseline classifiers and that DSSA-H outperforms two high-performing general sentiment classification approaches when classifying sentiments of tweets posted during hurricanes. We also applied DSSA-H in examining sentiment patterns across six recent hurricanes in the U.S. This domain-specific sentiment analysis approach can be used by the first responders and affected communities to more accurately and rapidly detect crises and emergent events, allocate resources, and assess disaster's impact during hurricanes. DSSA-H contributes to an intelligent and adaptive disaster information system for the data-rich human and the built environment system.

Validation of Ash/Dust Detections from SEVIRI Data Using ACTRIS/EARLINET Ground-Based LIDAR Measurements

Two tailored configurations of the Robust Satellite Technique (RST) multi-temporal approach, for airborne volcanic ash and desert dust detection, have been tested in the framework of the European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation (EUNADICS-AV) project. The two algorithms, running on Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) data, were previously assessed over wide areas by comparison with independent satellite-based aerosol products. In this study, we present results of a first validation analysis of the above mentioned satellite-based ash/dust products using independent, ground-based observations coming from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). The aim is to assess the capabilities of RST-based ash/dust products in providing useful information even at local scale and to verify their applicability as a “trigger” to timely activate EARLINET measurements during airborne hazards. The intense Saharan dust event of May 18–23 2008—which affected both the Mediterranean Basin and Continental Europe—and the strong explosive eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) volcano of April–May 2010, were analyzed as test cases. Our results show that both RST-based algorithms were capable of providing reliable information about the investigated phenomena at specific sites of interest, successfully detecting airborne ash/dust in different geographic regions using both nighttime and daytime SEVIRI data. However, the validation analysis also demonstrates that ash/dust layers remain undetected by satellite in the presence of overlying meteorological clouds and when they are tenuous (i.e., with an integrated backscatter coefficient less than ~0.001 sr−1 and with aerosol backscatter coefficient less than ~1 × 10−6 m−1sr−1). This preliminary analysis confirms that the continuity of satellite-based observations can be used to timely “trigger” ground-based LIDAR measurements in case of airborne hazard events. Finally, this work confirms that advanced satellite-based detection schemes may provide a relevant contribution to the monitoring of ash/dust phenomena and that the synergistic use of (satellite-based) large scale, continuous and timely records with (ground-based) accurate and quantitative measurements may represent an added value, especially in operational scenarios.

Usability analysis of disaster information systems using usability testing

The Central Java region is the highest disaster-prone region in Indonesia in the period January - May 2019. The disasters occurred, in total of 554 times, with a total of 14 fatalities, 7 injured, 98,208 affected and displaced. Natural disasters cannot be avoided, but their impact can be minimized with good management. Disaster management and anticipation include utilizing information systems. A good information system is a system that makes it easy for users. The level of usefulness of this system, must be measured whether this system will be useful or not. This research is focused on testing the interface of the Disaster Information System belongs to BNPB Magelang. The method used is Planning and Analysis, Usability Evaluation, Data Analysis and Data Presentation. This measurement is done by the usability testing method. Based on the measurement results of the usability level of the Disaster Information System, a value of 3.35 was obtained. Based on the Linkert Scale, this system is said to be Usable. The results of the research can describe the reusability level of disaster information systems and to recommend in improving aspects of reusability.

Research on the key technologies of the end-to-end intelligent dual live data center architecture

As a direction of the current government informatization,dual live data center can be understood as both have a high availability architecture of production system, also is a kind of disaster information system construction model. Dual live data center can not only solve the government information system of business continuity and data reliability, but also can reduce the load balance of business requests and the resource operation pressures on production part.It can improve the effect of system efficiency and the user experience. But most of current dual live data center architecture is “not real dual live”, it is only dual live in some aspects, it will not have negative impact on system external service when the specific failure occurs. In this paper, an end-to-end “full dual-activity" system architecture is proposed. By building a dual-activity system at various technical levels, two fully dual-activity data center architectures are realized. The data center constructed by this technical route can be backed up and switched intelligently, It can deal with the vast majority of failures and disasters, and provides a more reliable guarantee for the safe and smooth operation of the government information system.

Advances in Lidar Observations for Airborne Hazards for Aviation in the Framework of the EUNADICS-AV Project

The vulnerability of the (European) aviation system to the airborne hazards was evident during the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010. For support of Air Traffic Control (ATC) many observations of the event were available from satellites, ground based instruments and airborne platforms, at pan-European scale. However, efficient use of the data for ATC proved difficult mainly due to sub-optimal aggregation and integrated assessment of the available information in near-real-time. The project EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Disaster Coordination and Information System for Aviation) aims to close this gap. The observational component of the project will make existing data products for airborne hazards more accessible, visible and used, and to foster tailored product development. Once assimilated into models and integrated in the EUNADICS-AV Data Portal these data can be the base to efficiently improve European airspace resilience to airborne hazards. Since 2010 new data products have become available specifically for for airborne hazard alerting and monitoring together with specific tailored products designed for replying to user needs and recommendations. This paper describes the EUNADICS-AV approach and will focus on the role of operational and research grade ground based lidars.

Natural disasters and their costs for healthcare establishments in Brazil, 2000 to 2015

Natural disasters result in impacts on the population's health, damage to healthcare establishments, and, in extreme situations, the health systems' breakdown. National and global trends show an increase in the frequency of disasters associated with climate change. This article aims to analyze the impacts and economic costs of natural disasters for healthcare establishments, identifying the most frequent and costly types and distribution across the Brazilian territory, based on data recorded in Brazil's Integrated Disaster Information System (S2ID) from 2000 to 2015. A total of 15,950 records were systematized and analyzed, of which only 29.4% of the events showed records of costs, totaling nearly BRL 4 billion. Climate disasters were the most frequent, but they did not account for the highest costs. In the cost per event ratio, the costs of hydrological disasters were 3.2 to 3.6 higher than for climate and geologic disasters. Pernambuco, Amazonas, and Santa Catarina were the states with highest total costs in millions of Brazilian reais. The North region, especially the state of Acre, had the highest cost per disaster. Despite the study's limitations (involving the records' quality), the data should be viewed as the tip of an iceberg, since the impacts go beyond the economic damages, impacting the infrastructure and resources that support services, compromising their capacity precisely when the population most needs health services.

Preparation of GIS-based medium-scale settlement suitability plans by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): Sivas city province case study

In this study; it was aimed to obtain the models of medium-scale settlement suitability model maps for Sivas province that will form the needed base for future planning by using the GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert opinion within the decision support systems. The selected province of Sivas has potentials to be influenced by natural disasters such as; collapse potential due to gypsum karst, landslides, failures due to weak ground environments, rock fall, floods, and earthquakes by means of the closeness to active faults. Within the scope of the studies, settlement suitability analysis and syntheses were made in order to form a basis for pre-disaster phase and regional plans of Disaster Information System creation process and regional development directions were determined. The models obtained in the study will be an important guide for the city and region planners in terms of the location of the housing areas within the scope of the planning before the disaster as the main component of the Disaster Information System. In addition, these models will assist in the creation of Urgent Action Plans with the help of questioning and analysis skills after the disaster, and to implement the plans quickly and effectively when it is needed.

A Study on Ad-hoc Network with BLE Advertisement

In Japan, there is a high chance of getting damage from earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons, so we need to get information about where to evacuate quickly. However, in such situations, communication infrastructures such as base stations of 3G, LTE are broken. Even if they are available, many people try to access the Internet or make a phone call, network congestion occurs. As a result, their ways of communication are limited. Under such a situation, weak people at a disaster, who called CHECT (Children, Handicapped, Elderly people, Chronically ill, Tourists), usually receive a disadvantage. We have been developed a support system for hearing-impaired people in a disaster since 2007 because they are hard to get information because a lot of emergency information is delivered by sound. For them, information by vision is more suitable. Now, we are testing our disaster information delivery system in Miyagi-Prefectural School for the Deaf. The system is constructed by several LED displays and connected by the ad-hoc network. To install our system, we are now trying to use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Advertisement. In this paper, we will explain the outline of our system and the result of the experiment of the performance of the ad-hoc network with BLE Advertisement. The performance includes the reachability of transmitted packets, the routability of the routing protocol we developed. As a result, we can conclude that BLE Advertisement based ad-hoc network is feasible to construct a disaster information system for hearing-impaired people.

A Study on Learning of Disaster Information System Based on Situated Learning Theory

A Study on Learning of Disaster Information System Based on Situated Learning Theory

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DECISION SUPPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE PRIORITY OF SELECTING NATURAL DISASTER BARRACK POLICIES WITH THE FUZZY SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD

The lack of a disaster information system nowadays has made it difficult to find out information in the disaster area. Making information systems in disaster areas is important to solve the problem of uneven distribution of aid provided at each barrack. Because the conditions of each barrack are different, a system is needed to determine the priority for selecting disaster. To be able to determine the recommendations for the selection of disaster barracks, this study uses the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (Fuzzy SAW) method, uses fuzzy method to determine the input basis value to SAW [3]. With the implementation of the Fuzzy SAW method, the results of this study can provide recommendations for Badan Penangguangan Bencan Daerah (BPBD) of Malang to determine the priority of disaster barracks that can take precedence.