Educational Disadvantage Research Articles

Equitable teaching for cultural and linguistic diversity: exploring the possibilities for engaged pedagogy in post-COVID-19 higher education

ABSTRACT While the impacts of COVID-19 on higher education are still unfolding, it is clear that the disruption caused by the pandemic has provided a warrant to re-consider existing teaching and learning practices. We provide a reading on whether existing teaching and learning practices should be retained or whether new practices can and should emerge through the lens of culturally and linguistically diverse migrant and refugee (CALDMR) students. These students already experienced significant educational disadvantage before the pandemic moved teaching and learning online. Drawing on findings from an Australian study that explores the experiences of both university students and staff, we question whether these experiences offer hope for what bell hooks calls engaged pedagogy – as a form of university teaching and learning that is more caring, more student-centred and collaborative, and more exciting.

International medical graduates' experiences before and after migration: A meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.

International medical graduates (IMGs) represent a large portion of practising doctors in many countries. Many experience difficulties, including higher rates of complaints against them and lower exam pass rates. The UK's General Medical Council (GMC) recently set targets to 'eliminate disproportionate complaints' and 'eradicate disadvantage and discrimination in medical education'. Our timely meta-ethnography aimed to synthesise existing qualitative literature on the wider personal and professional experiences of IMGs to identify factors affecting IMGs' professional practice (either directly or indirectly). In September 2019, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, ERIC and EdResearch for peer-reviewed qualitative and mixed-methods articles that described experiences of IMGs. We extracted participant quotes and authors' themes from included articles and used the technique of meta-ethnography to synthesise the data and develop new overarching concepts. Of the 1613 articles identified, 57 met our inclusion criteria. In total, the articles corresponded to 46 studies that described the experiences of 1142 IMGs practising in all six continents in a range of settings, including primary and secondary care. We developed five key concepts: migration dimensions (issues considered by IMGs when migrating), a challenging start (the stressful early period), degree of dissonance (between the IMG and host country in relation to the four main barriers of language, culture, medical education and belonging), levelling the playing field (interventions to reduce the impact of the barriers) and survive then thrive (adjustments IMGs made). A conceptual model that brings these constructs together in a line of argument is presented. This meta-ethnography, based on a large amount of diverse qualitative studies, is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the experiences and challenges that IMGs face before and after migration. Our results should be used to guide the development of interventions aiming to support IMGs and meet the GMC targets.

Black Pastors and Counselors: Creating Meaningful Collaborations to Enhance Mental Health Awareness in Rural Areas

ABSTRACT Black communities in rural areas offer a number of strengths including familial networks, resource sharing, and access to spiritual communities. These regions also face a host of challenges related to economic, educational, and social disadvantages, which leads to exacerbated psychological and emotional distress among residents. However, access to mental health professionals and services is largely limited in rural communities. Thus, community stakeholders, such as Black pastors and churches, could serve as collaborative partners with counselors to promote mental health awareness and increase supports in rural areas.

Pros and cons of remote medical education in Ukraine in terms of COVID-19 pandemics

IntroductionCOVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic, which forced countries across the globe to adapt all daily activities to the new reality in order to stop the disease from spreading. The educational process was not an exception, it caused a sudden shift towards the exceptional introduction of online teaching and Kyiv Medical University was one of the first universities in Ukraine to assess the quality of education under the restrictive measures ObjectivesThe aim was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the learning of neurology at the Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Physical Rehabilitation, Kyiv Medical University. Methods169 students were interviewed using an online questionnaire consisting of 18 items focused on different angles of educational process. ResultsAccording to the obtained results, the biggest pros of online teaching included: flexibility of learning schedule, learning at your own pace; ability to develop deeper problem-solving and clinical thinking skills. Social distancing, family distractions, and internet connection issues negatively affected most students' feelings during online learning. One of the most prominent cons of online learning of neurology pointed out by the majority of medical students was a lack of practical component of training and contact with patients. ConclusionsOnline teaching, along with a number of advantages, has significant disadvantages, especially in medical education in case of studying clinical disciplines.

Cultural Quality Education in Chinese Universities: Rise, Rationales and Approaches

The development of Chinese higher education over the past 30 years cannot be separated from the reform of cultural quality education. The rise of the reform was under the background of emancipating the mind in the whole society and strengthening education reform in educational field. The purpose was to break through the disadvantages of narrow professional education and promote university students’ comprehensive quality. Theoretically, it insists that true education is both cultural education and quality education, through which building human's cultural life and improving human’s comprehensive quality. It advocates educating man rather than manufacturing tools. It takes culture as an integrity, not being separated apart. It insists on educating man with holistic and integrated culture, not separated culture, or prejudiced, narrow-minded culture. The approaches stress on both heritage and innovation, such as integrating humanistic education and science education, emphasizing national culture education, promoting poetry education, and meeting the needs of the modern, the world, and the future. It tries hard to enlarge and thicken university students’ knowledge foundations, to broaden their specialty, to widen their visons, to cultivate their rational principle and thinking ability. On the whole, cultural quality education reform is Chinese innovation of educational theory and practice. It is effective in practice and has improved the quality of higher education in China.

ЦИФРОВОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ: ТРУДНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The main goal of the Concept of the State Information Policy of the Russian Federation is the development and improvement of the education system, as well as professional training of personnel that ensures a full life and effective human activity in the modern information society. This goal involves a fundamental change in the organization and essence of the processes of learning and human development. The process of transforming the content, methods and technologies, changing the requirements for learning and its results is the digitalization of education. The purpose of the study is to consider the essence of the concept of "digital education" and identify factors that allow us to present the advantages and disadvantages of digital education. Methods used in the study: literature review, empirical research, matrix analysis, comparative analysis. Empirical survey data were obtained, reflecting the main factors that make it possible to identify the positive and negative aspects of digital education during a pandemic. The article assesses the prospects for the development of digital education. A matrix of assessments of the existing experience of participation in digital education during the pandemic of teachers and students has been compiled. Based on the results of the analysis of the compiled matrix and the diagram that complements it, a conclusion is drawn about the insufficiently effective digital education at the current stage due to the presence of certain problems in the process of organizing online education. The digitalization of education during the crisis period has accelerated significantly, however, in the future, it will require the introduction of certain measures to integrate it with traditional education, while eliminating the shortcomings of both forms of education.

Study on the Cultivation Strategies of Chinese Quality

At present, Chinese teaching has great defects in cultivating students' Chinese quality. This paper analyzes the disadvantages of exam-oriented Chinese education in the cultivation of students' Chinese quality, puts forward the implementation strategies on the cultivation of Chinese quality in combination with the requirements of the society for high-quality talents, and proposes specific requirements for the implementation of teaching Chinese teachers. This paper is one of the research results of General Teaching Team Construction (XM-03-S42) in Hubei Chinese Medicine College.

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program Regarding the Care of Children with Hearing Impairment among the Caretakers in Selected Schools of Sangli District in India

Aim: The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding the care of children with hearing impairment among the caretakers in selected schools of Sangli district in India. Background: Hearing impairment means that you cannot hear well out of one or both ears, or you cannot hear at all. Hearing loss can range from mild to severe. There can be mild, moderate, severe, or severe impairment. Hearing loss as a child is a huge burden and handicap. It hurts the child’s quality of life because the disability affects all parts of his or her development, either directly or indirectly. The results include not being able to understand speech sounds, which often means not being able to communicate verbally, a delay in learning a language, a delay in cognitive development, a disadvantage in economics and education, social isolation, and a stigma. Methodology: The research approach for this study is quantitative approach and purposive research design was used. The sample size consisted of 60 caretakers. Result: The 33.34% of caretakers were between 30 and 40 years, 63.34% of caretakers were undergraduates, place-wise 58.34% of caretakers were from urban, 61.66% of caretakers had previous knowledge. The preceding data show that caretakers who got planned training on hearingimpaired children had higher mean knowledge scores in post-test than pre-test. Thus, structured training on caring for hearing-impaired youngsters worked. Thus, alternate hypothesis wins over null hypothesis. Conclusion: The structured teaching on care of children with hearing impairment proved to be effective in delivering the knowledge. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted.

Research on Network Ideological and Political Education for College Students in the All-Media Era

In the era of all media, college students are good at exploring new unknowns with the help of digital media and network technology. Network ideological and political education has both favorable conditions and major challenges. The advantages and disadvantages of network ideological and political education in colleges and universities are analyzed and mastered. Effectiveness is particularly important. Combined with the results of the questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the current situation of college students' ideological and political education under the new situation and the shortcomings of college students' online ideological and political education, and discusses the strategies of college students' online ideological and political education, which can provide guidance for the path of college students' online ideological and political education.

APPROACHES TO DISTANCE LEARNING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN COLLEGES DURING WAR

Lockdowns and the introduction of anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19, the war conflict in Ukraine resulted in the implementation of online education, significantly limited the access of students to college gyms and reduced the number of face-to-face classes under the guidance of teachers. This had a negative impact on the health of students. According to the results of the medical examination, about 28% of the students of the "Universum" Vocational College are assigned to the preparatory and special medical health groups. Statistics show that every third of young people have various abnormalities in their health. One of the reasons for this is insufficient motor activity. With the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the situation regarding the organisation of the educational process has deteriorated significantly. The cyclical commissions of physical education of colleges faced the question of finding new forms and methods of organising classes, taking into account the challenges of the times. The author analysed the advantages and disadvantages of physical education for students in the period of implementation of distance and blended learning. It has been established that mixed training in physical education is a more flexible and diverse form of conducting classes. The transition to a distance and mixed form of education in physical education requires the development of new approaches to the methodology of organising classes, the establishment of personally significant priorities and needs for the physical development of students, the modernisation of existing learning technologies and the development of new mechanisms for effective cooperation between teachers and students.

Internship Participation in the United States by Student and School Characteristics, 1994 to 2017

College internships have become seemingly ubiquitous, yet evidence of when and for whom participation has changed over time remains limited. This visualization uses data from the College Senior Survey, an annual nationwide exit survey of baccalaureate graduates, to document internship participation by student and school characteristics between 1994 and 2017. Recent graduates are more than twice as likely to participate as those from the mid-1990s; however, the results indicate significant and sustained inequalities for lower income students, first-generation students, public school students, and students from less selective schools. These ongoing participation gaps for students with less individual and institutional privilege underscore the need to consider internship access as a form of educational and labor market disadvantage.

Special Needs Assessment in Bilingual School-Age Children in Germany

Educational and (psycho-)linguistic research on L1 and L2 acquisition in bilingual children sketches them as a group of language learners varying in many aspects. However, most studies to date have based evaluations of language proficiency or new assessment tools on data from heritage children, while studies on the appropriateness of assessment tools for school-age refugee children remain a notable exception. This study focuses on the standardized assessment tool BUEGA for primary school children, which is, among others, a widespread tool for the assessment of pedagogical support or special needs (SN) in Germany. We compare the performance of 12 typically developing monolinguals (MoTD: 7;3–12;1), 14 heritage-bilinguals (BiTD: 7;1–13;4, L1 Turkish and Arabic), 12 refugee- students (BiTD: 8;7–13;1, L1 Arabic), and 7 children with developmental language disorders (DLD: 7;7–13;9) on the subtests of grammar, word-reading, and spelling. Overall results show that refugee-BiTDs perform in the (monolingual) pathology range. No significant differences emerged between students with DLD and typically developing (TD) refugee students. Considering the assessment of school-related language performance, bilingual refugees are at risk of misdiagnosis, along with the well-known effects of educational disadvantage. This particularly applies to children with low socioeconomic status (SES). Looking beyond oral language competencies and using test combinations can help exclude language disorders in school-age children with limited L2 proficiency.

Assessment of methods for analyzing the economic security of the university

Subject. The article investigates the analysis of economic security of a higher education institution. It defines its directions, analytical indicators, methodological guidelines, considering the specific nature of activity, which contribute to improving the economic security and the quality of management decisions made by key executives of universities. Objectives. The purpose is to conduct a critical review and evaluate the main methods of economic security analysis of higher education institutions, taking into account the specifics of their activities. Methods. The study rests on general and specific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, comparison, etc). Results. I reviewed the existing methods of analyzing the economic security of commercial organizations and higher educational institutions, systematized advantages and disadvantages of methods developed by scientists, substantiated the need to introduce diagnostic indicators to improve the quality and efficiency of analytical information for making informed management decisions. The paper offers to conduct an analysis of economic security, using indicators of intensity and productivity of labor, which consider the specifics of activities of universities in comparison with other organizations of the public sector. Conclusions. Currently, there is no unified approach to the analysis of economic security of universities. The conducted critical assessment of methodology may form a basis for further development of ideas and methodological guidelines on the analysis of economic security, and informed and effective management decisions.

Evaluation of Universities’ Distance Education by Students and Academicians in the Covid-19 (Coronavirus) Period: A Qualitative Research

The aim of the study is to evaluate the perspectives of students and academicians about distance education implemented by universities in the epidemic period and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of distance education to get an overall perspective. In the study, the data were obtained as a result of in-depth interviews with 12 students and 13 academicians. MAXQDA analysis program was used to analyze the data. The coded data were themed and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, concept maps were created and the analysis process was completed with interpretation. Conclusion of this study, the advantages and disadvantages of distance education applied by universities during the coronavirus period were evaluated. Recording the classes within the scope of distance education has given students the opportunity to review the classes. In this process, it is seen that education/training activities continue without any limitations on time and place. With distance education, it became possible to teach more than one class simultaneously. In this way, it became possible to reach more students in a shorter time. However, it has been found that the level of interaction between the academician and the student decreases in the distance education classes. As such, a decrease in motivation has been detected. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid transition to distance education was made, and this rapid transition caused infrastructure and system problems. On the other hand, it is understood that a sound measurement and evaluation cannot be made in the exams applied in the distance education process.

Country and school family composition’s effects on mathematics achievement

ABSTRACT Family structures are associated with achievement outcomes, but the percentage of children residing in different family structures has changed over time. In this paper, we revisit data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to determine whether previous findings have also changed over time. Drawing on PISA 2012, we employ multilevel modelling to examine whether school and country compositional factors are still salient a decade later. The final analytical sample included 172,452 students in 7,391 schools from 24 countries. The results indicate, like previous research, an educational disadvantage for students that attend schools with a large concentration of children from single-parent homes. However, this disadvantage is largely due to the lower socioeconomic composition of these schools. At the country level, there is little support for the hypothesis that the achievement gap between students from two- versus one-parent households is greater in countries with higher percentages of single-parent families.

The 2008 Recession and Biological Health: Psychological Well-Being and Social Disadvantage Modify Vulnerability

Racial minorities and educationally disadvantaged experienced more housing loss, unemployment, and financial strain during the 2007-2009 Great Recession. These hardships may heighten stress and amplify persistent and growing health inequities, which were further worsened by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore essential to identify factors that contribute to individual differences in vulnerability so that more effective interventions can be implemented, especially in older adult populations who may face unique economic hardships tied to age discrimination. According to the reserve capacity model, higher levels of psychosocial resources, including psychological well-being, can protect against the negative health outcomes related to heightened stress exposure. This study tested the intersections between recession hardship, pre-existing vulnerability defined as racial and educational disadvantage, and psychological well-being as predictors of biological indicators of chronic allostatic load. Chronic allostatic load was assessed with cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to acute mental stress and systemic inflammation (basal indicators of C-reactive protein and interleukin 6). Biological data came from a national sample of adults known as the Midlife in the US Study (MIDUS; age = 25-75, N=863) that completed assessments after the recession. Multiple regression models revealed that more widespread recession hardship predicted greater biological dysregulation. Tests of three-way interactions revealed that the association between recession hardship and biological dysregulation was strongest among respondents with combined disadvantages of low educational status and low levels of psychological well-being. This study connected a major economic event to individual variation in health vulnerability and identified potential biological pathways to future disease outcomes.

The Online Education Impact on Students During Covid- 19 Pandemic

The purpose of the study was to identify how online education impact students during the Covid-19 Pandemic, and to find the advantages and disadvantages of online education. This paper is also focused on changes in conducting exams and exam patterns. The data was taken from journals and my prior knowledge. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for this research. The reason behind the study is the research paper show how online education impact on students and changes in teaching method and changes in exam patterns. This study also considered: (i) Why online education is mostly used? (ii) What advantages and disadvantages of online education? and (iii) How exams are conducted? The questionnaires were prepaid and circulated among students through email and WhatsApp. The result of the study shows the merits and demerits of online education. The mode of conducting exams also changes and some exams are also postponed. The effect of Covid-19 was very fast so it is very risky to conduct offline classes and therefore there is a change in teaching method. This article aims to provide a report on the impact of online education on students during a pandemic. Impact this study is important for the government, students, and teachers.

Gestational Age, Parent Education, and Education in Adulthood.

Adults born preterm (<37 weeks) have lower educational attainment than those born term. Whether this relationship is modified by family factors such as socioeconomic background is, however, less well known. We investigated whether the relationship between gestational age and educational attainment in adulthood differed according to parents' educational level in 4 Nordic countries. This register-based cohort study included singletons born alive from 1987 up to 1992 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. In each study population, we investigated effect modification by parents' educational level (low, intermediate, high) on the association between gestational age at birth (25-44 completed weeks) and low educational attainment at 25 years (not having completed upper secondary education) using general estimation equations logistic regressions. A total of 4.3%, 4.0%, 4.8%, and 5.0% singletons were born preterm in the Danish (n = 331 448), Finnish (n = 220 095), Norwegian (n = 292 840), and Swedish (n = 513 975) populations, respectively. In all countries, both lower gestational age and lower parental educational level contributed additively to low educational attainment. For example, in Denmark, the relative risk of low educational attainment was 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.26) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had high educational level and 5.25 (95% confidence interval 4.53 to 6.02) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had low educational level, compared with a reference group born at 39 to 41 weeks with high parental educational level. Although higher parental education level was associated with higher educational attainment for all gestational ages, parental education did not mitigate the educational disadvantages of shorter gestational age.

Practice of Innovative Pedagogical Technologies in Education

This article is devoted to the problem of distance education, namely the use of information technology in higher education. This paper examines modern approaches to learning based on Internet technologies, presents the main factors that determine the need for the use of distance learning technology in the education system, and shows the advantages and disadvantages of distance education as an innovative form of learning. The article is devoted to the possibilities of expanding the potential of traditional distance education through Internet technologies, describes the grounds for their use and the advantages of using them, and reveals the essential characteristics and specific features of distance learning. The author considers both positive and negative aspects of distance learning and focuses on certain issues of the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of distance education. There are two types of factors for the use of distance learning in the education system: external and internal factors.

Exogenous Policy, Racial Avoidance, and the Qualified Relevance of Macroeconomic Change to Metropolitan Inequality

Context: The rich contextualization of educational processes brought about in the pioneering work of Jean Anyon pushed scientists to acknowledge that the education being provided to the least advantaged was shaped by factors with origins beyond school and family environments. Political economic work in education has subsequently argued that an unforgiving economy has lessened the educational fortunes of urban residents. Focus of Study: In response to claims that macroeconomic change created the confinement of educational disadvantage, this article reveals that political economic arguments predicated on macroeconomic change have yet to explain a period of decline on several dimensions of educational inequality from 1970 to 1990. Research Design: Through a juxtaposition of historical population trends and research with the ideas of Anyon and her contemporaries, this analysis considers racial forces emanating from desegregation policy as key to understanding test-score trends and metropolitan restructuring. Descriptive analyses of test-score trends and neighborhood indices of dissimilarities from 1970 to the mid-1990s form the basis of analysis. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that not only does desegregation policy align with anomalous educational trends, but that its impact reverberated to other spatial strata through its encouragement of Whites’ school selection decisions intent on racial avoidance. Racial avoidance should therefore be considered as an architect of the racial and economic landscape of the modern metropolis.