Dirty Environment Research Articles

The Design and Assignment of Microgestures to Commands for Virtual and Augmented Reality Tasks

Researchers have designed 3D (non-contacting) gestures for human-computer interaction (HCI) for desktop computers, automobiles, and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) to improve functionality, and experience. 3D gestures provide a method for HCI in clean and dirty environments and settings where both hands need to be free for other tasks such as warehouse work. However, long-term use of 3D gestures may pose a risk of musculoskeletal fatigue especially if the gestures require movement at larger joints such as the shoulder or elbow. Microgestures involve motions of just the fingers and hands thereby reducing muscle fatigue and distraction. Current microgesture lexicons are not well designed for VR or AR systems because of differences in interactive requirements of the commands and context for their use. The purpose of this study was to design microgestures for AR and VR that follow user experiences with existing gestures while considering application, user preference and hand/wrist postures.

PSIII-21 Effect of active, dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ActiSaf HR+®) on postweaning performance, diarrhea and immune parameters of nursery pigs in cleaned or dirty environmental conditions

Abstract Weaning imposes multiple stressors that reduce feed intake and impair intestinal integrity. Furthermore, poor environmental management could compound the high stress period increasing morbidity and mortality of postweaning piglets. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of supplemental Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ActiSaf HR+®) on postweaning growth performance, fecal scores and immune parameters in a clean or dirty nursery environment. The experiment was a 2 X 2 factorial design with 2 dietary treatments fed in a sanitized (following barn SOP) and un-sanitized (pits flushed, feeders and pens scraped) nursery environment. Weaned piglets (n = 260 and 5pigs/pen; 14.7±1.5lbs wt., 20.8d of age) were allotted to the following dietary treatments: 1) control or 2) ActiSaf HR+® (0.1% in phase 1 and 2 and 0.05% phase 3 diets) for 5-wks postweaning. On days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 fecal scores/pen and blood samples were collected for monitoring diarrhea and measurement of cytokines. Overall, pigs fed ActiSaf tended towards greater ADG compared to control fed pigs regardless of environment (P = 0.09; 379 vs. 357 g/d, ActiSaf vs control, respectively). Final pen weights at d35 were greater in ActiSaf vs. control fed pigs (101 vs. 97 kg/pen; P < 0.05). Pigs reared in the dirty vs clean environment had reduced overall ADG (352 vs 384 g/d, respectively; P = 0.01), and pigs in the dirty environment tended towards higher overall feed:gain compared to pigs in clean environments; 1.87 vs. 1.76 g/g (P = 0.09). Diarrhea scores were increased in the dirty environment compared to the clean environment on days 3 and 7 (P < 0.01). Serum TNF-a concentrations were not significantly affected by diet or environment. In conclusion, nursery pigs raised in clean environments had higher ADG and improved feed conversion than pigs reared in a dirty environment. Pigs fed diets containing ActiSaf HR+® tended towards increased ADG regardless of environment.

Seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum Among Residents of Yemetu, A SemiUrban Community in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease transmitted during vaginal, anal and oral sex. Pregnant women can also pass the disease to their unborn babies. However, it thrives in dirty and unhealthy environment which has made its spread uncontrollable. Therefore, this community-based study was carried out in Yemetu community in Ibadan to determine the burden of syphilis infection among the asymptomatic residents of this community. Methodology: Blood samples were aseptically collected from consenting one hundred and fifty male (m=49 and female (f=101) participants, age ranged 15 to >55 years who volunteered to take part in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and other relevant information from these participants. Sera from these blood samples were tested for syphilis antibodies using a 3rd generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA) kit, syphilis Ab version Ultra. Data were analysed using Chi-squared and ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: An overall seroprevalence rate for Treponema pallidum/syphilis in this study was 1.3%. Syphilis infection was higher among male (2.1%) than in female (1.0%), 1.6 times higher in male compared to their female counterparts (OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.43-2.81) and also statistically significant (p=0.0313). Highest rate (4.1%) of the infection was detected in age group >55 years while lowest rate (3.8%) of syphilis infection was found in age group 15-24 years. A total of 46 (30.7%) participants claimed to practice multiple sexual partnership with 2 (4.3%) of them positive for Treponema pallidum and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.043). Furthermore, distribution of Treponema pallidum infection by marital status in the study community showed that highest prevalence (2.4%) was found among the single while lowest rate (1.2%) was detected among married participants. Among the occupational groups, highest Treponema pallidum infection rate (3.6%) was found among artisans and the lowest rate of 3.5% was among the students. Conclusion: Although this study reported low prevalence for syphilis infection in this community among asymptomatic population, this rate is however of public health importance. Therefore, public awareness for hygiene, high risky behaviour including voluntary counseling and testing for syphilis should be advocated.

Infection prevention and control practices in the home environment: Examining enablers and barriers to adherence among home health care nurses

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices have been established in home health care. Adherence to IPC practices has been suboptimal with limited available evidence. The study aim was to examine the impact of individual, home environment, and organizational factors on IPC practices using human factors model. Three hundred and fifty-three nurses were surveyed across two large home care agencies to examine the relationship between IPC adherence and individual, home environment, and organizational factors. Nurses reported multiple barriers to IPC practices in patients' homes (mean = 4.34, standard deviation = 2.53). Frequent barriers included clutter (reported by 74.5% of nurses) and a dirty environment (70.3%). Nurses also reported limited availability of some IPC supplies (mean = 7.76, standard deviation = 2.44), including personal protective equipment. Home environment factors were significant barriers, and availability of IPC supplies were significant enablers of IPC adherence. Agency-provided training and decision-making resources were not significant factors for IPC adherence in the presence of home environment barriers and IPC supplies. This study findings suggest that IPC adherence strategies point to addressing barriers in the home environment and increasing availability of IPC supplies. The relationship between the patient's home environment, organizational factors, and IPC practices among home health care nurses warrants further study.

Hostel (dormitory) restroom floors, an underrated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated multidrug resistant pathogens in Nigeria: A combination of poor disinfection process and infection control

Acquisition of hospital and community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) from dirty environments is widely reported in Nigeria. Restroom floors of congested hostels (dormitories) and high-touch surfaces such as corridors, doors, and wardrobes handles, and hands of restroom users and non-users were studied for the presence of MRSA, ESBL-E. coli and CPKP before and 1 hour after cleaning and disinfection. Surfaces were swabbed with sterile moistened swab sticks, and isolation and identification of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were performed using standard techniques. Methicillin resistance by S. aureus, ESBL production by E. coli and carbapenemase production by K. pneumoniae were determined phenotypically using cefoxitin susceptibility, double disc synergy and modified Hodges tests, respectively. Amplification of blaCTX-M, and blaNDM-1 in ESBL-E. coli and CPKP was performed using PCR. We found that restroom floors were frequently contaminated with MRSA, ESBL-E. coli, and CPKP before and 1 hour after cleaning. High-touch surfaces such as corridors, doors, and wardrobes handles were contaminated with these pathogens, as well as hands of restroom users. The process of floor disinfection was able to reduce the percentage of MRSA, ESBL-E. coli and CPKP by 23.8%, 50%, and 22.2%, respectively. Pathogens from restroom floors and hand of users harbor similar resistant genes. The findings suggest that people with frequent contact with these surfaces can acquire and disseminate the pathogens to others.

Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination in chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Makassar, Indonesia

Esherichia coli O157: H7 is one of the pathogenic strains of E. coli, which causes enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and appears as a major source of food outbreaks. This study aimed to determine the contamination of E. coli O157:H7 by culture methods, in broiler chicken meat sold in Traditional Market in Makassar. Twenty-four chicken meat samples were taken from four traditional markets. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were carried out by the conventional culture method using the Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, then the identification of the E. coli O157:H7 using the Sorbitol MacConkey Agar. Results showed that 15 of 24 chicken meat samples were contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. The poor personal hygiene of sellers and dirty market environments concerned with causing contamination in chicken meat sold in the four traditional markets.

Clean environments as a social norm: a field experiment on cigarette littering

Cigarette littering in public spaces is an environmental and aesthetic problem. Broken windows theory posits that visible signs of anti-social behavior such as littering create the perception of a social norm in built environments. Cigarette butts on the ground then encourage people to drop theirs as well. We test this theory on benches of a university campus in a field experiment with two treatments: (1) a clean environment with no cigarette butts on the ground and (2) a dirty environment with 25 cigarette butts on the ground. Our outcome variable is the number of additional cigarette butts on the ground after two hours. We find a small effect of approximately 0.5 butts less per 2-hour period on clean grounds. Increased cleaning efforts can thus reduce littering, but the effect is probably too small to justify additional cleaning costs.

Mosquito Behavior of Mansonia and Anopheles and Its Relationship With the Filariasis Disease in Taniwel Timur District and Taniwel, Seram barat regency

Mansonia mosquitoes are in endemic forest and swamp areas, dirty environments and unused fish farming areas, Mansonia mosquitoes are aggressive and suck blood when humans are at night, outside the home. Anopheles actively seeks blood during illness and at night. This research uses survey and cross sectional research, it discusses to study mosquitoes, the density of mosquitoes mansonia and anopheles, as well as looking at the development of disease (prevalence) of filariasis. The population in this study is the population and population of mosquito mansonia and anopheles in East Taniwel and Taniwel Districts. Filariasis in Taniwel and East Taniwel Sub-districts, West Seram District was reported in local health centers of around 15 people. The outbreak of filariasis in Taniwel District around 2010-2019. Mansonia bleeds people at home when sick at 18: 00-18: 45. While outside the house at night 20: 00-20: 45. While Anopheles mosquitoes bite humans, at dusk and at night at 16.00-24.00, The peak is 02.00-03.00. The density of mansonia mosquitoes in Sohuwe Village, 4.00 - 5.85, Lumalatal 5.00 - 6.60 and Maloang 4.00-5.50 (moderate), Anopheles in Sohuwe 7.00-9.85, Lumalatal 5.89- 6.82, Maloang 5.00-6.50 (high). The prevalence of filariasis in Sohuwe 0.66, Lumlat 0.88. and Maloang 1.54. There is a relationship between attitudes and community relations with filariasis

IDENTIFICATION OF EGGS HYMENOLEPIS NANA AND HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA IN RAT FECES AND CHILDREN'S FECESIN DUKUH SRATEN, KECAMATAN PEDAN, KLATEN

Rats are animals that are susceptible to being infected with dengerous diseases because they like dirty environments. Hemintheasis spread by rats, namely hymenolepiasis.transsmision of this worm disease can occur directly and indirectly. Direct trasmission is caused by consuming water or food contaminated with worm egg while direct trasmission occur through intermediate fleas. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence of Hymenolepis Nana dan Hymenolepis Diminuta eggs in rats faeces and childern’s faeces in hamlet sraten, and to find out what percentage of faeces of mice and faeces of childern’s infected with Hymenolepis Nana dan Hymenolepis Diminuta. The method used is direct method which is macroskopis and microskopis and indirect method of sedimentation examination. Faecel sampling is done by simple random sampling. Based on the results of examination of 30 rats samples and 17 faeces samples the childern obtained result of second faeces samples of mice positively infected with Hymenolepisdiminuta eggs or at 6,67%, in the childern’s faeces samples not Hymenolepis Diminuta eggs were found. Whereas Hymenolepis Nana infection was not found in the rat faeces samples or childern’s faeces samples or with a negative 100% percentage.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP 5R (RINGKAS, RAPI, RESIK, RAWAT, RAJIN) DI BENGKEL X, KECAMATAN MLATI, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Background: 5R (Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat, dan Rajin) is a work culture that must be applied in all workplaces in both the formal and informal sectors. The application of the 5R aims to make workers feel comfortable and safe when working. Besides, the application of the 5R can make work more effective and efficient because it can eliminate time wasted because more time to search for goods, work areas that look full due to overload of equipment and goods that are not needed or dirty environment. Machine shop X in Mlati Subdistrict, Sleman, Yogyakarta is one of the informal sectors that has not implemented 5R. This can be seen from the condition of the work area which is full of unnecessary, messy, and dirty equipment and goods. Therefore researchers researched the analysis of the application of 5R in Machine shop X. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out the application of the 5R principle in Machine shop X. Methods: This research design qualitative design. The research was conducted by direct observation and using the 5R checklist. Research results: The results showed that the application of 5R in Machine shop X was still poor. This can be seen from the achievement of the overall 5R which is below 50%. Conclusion: The research concludes that the implementation of the 5R in Machine shop X is still poor so that training on 5R and internal audits is needed periodically. Keywords: Implementation, 5R, machine shop

Approaches for elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats

In the Sudan, the husbandry system of goats in urban and peri-urban areas subject them to kid in streets, under vehicles and in dirty environments thus exposing the newly born kids to the risk of predators, crush under vehicles, exposure to diseases and occasionally death due to the unattended difficult birth. Therefore, need to control time of kidding for survivability of kids and future fertility of the dam was the overall objective of this study. In a randomized block design experiment, twenty mid-term pregnant Nubian goats were assigned to four treatment groups namely, control (1), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment (2), dexamethasone treatment (3) and cesarean operation (4), with an overall aim of selecting an appropriate tool for elective induction of parturition that preserves life and health and future fertility of does as well as production of viable kids. The hormonal treatments and caesarean operation were performed on day 140 of gestation in all the treatments. The shortest induction time was seen with caesarean section (1.25±0.72 hours) and dexamethasone showed the longest time for induction (57.40±9.21 hours) followed by PGF2α treatment (29.00±1.37 hours). All the treatments resulted to ease of kidding, preserved the reproductive life of does and produced viable kids, except caesarean operation that significantly resulted in delayed placenta expulsion (22.20±2.86 hours) and delayed the time for resumption of ovarian cyclicity (58±5.25 days). In conclusion, the study recommended the use of prostaglandin F2α hormone as a valuable tool for strategic elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats because of its shortest induction time, early placental expulsion and return to ovarian activities.

Biomedical Infophysical Models of Filtering Ghost Airflows by Wearing Masks and Maintaining Social Distancing to Prevent COVID-19 and Reopen All Systems after Shutdowns (Lockdowns)

The COVID-19 pandemic has killed more than 400 thousand and infected more than 7 million people in the whole world as of 06/10/2020. Many open systems, such as educations, transportations, entertainments, sports or foods, have been completely or partially locked down in many regions of the world to prevent COVID-19 spreading. Therefore, how to reopen all of the open systems after the shutdown has become a world urgent issue. Evidences of COIVD-19 have showed: person-to-person transmission occurs among close contacts; virus droplets (or aerosols) play an important role in the transmission; people can prevent COVID-19 by measures of mask-wearing or maintaining social distancing. However, how these measures work to prevent COVID-19 is still not clear in a perspective of biomedical Infophysics. In this study, (1) we think the transmission of infection can be accomplished by real or virtual person; (2) we define a virtual person as ghost airflow, a term we coin to describe virus droplets (or aerosols) that are initially generated by human carriers and remain in the air to be transmitted. These ghost airflows are as dangerous as the real virus carriers particularly in enclosed (confined) environments; (3) we propose biomedical infophysical models (BMIPM) of filtering the ghost airflows by mask-wearing and maintaining social distancing, to help people to understand the filtering mechanisms and willingly follow the guidelines of preventing covid-19, and therefore to successfully reopen all of the open systems after the shutdowns (lockdowns) and (or) to avoid the shutdowns (lockdowns) in future epidemics or pandemics. Significantly, we compare the prevention efficiencies of COVID-19 between people who are accustomed and not accustomed to masks based on the published WHO, CDC or NHC pandemic data. The compared results support our models in this investigation. Coronaviruses easily survive and have high toxicity, in dirty, wet and cold environments, and the air pollution is linked with higher COVID-19 death rates. The dingy environments and air-conditioning, freezing systems sufficiently provide such necessary dirty, wet and cold conditions and polluted airflows to exacerbate the mortality rate of COVID-19. Therefore, we strongly suggest: to use air conditioners as less as possible, to turn the wind levels as low as possible and to clean (disinfecting) the air-conditioning systems (filters and channels) and environments as frequent as possible.

Alat Pengusir Tikus Via SMS Berbasis Arduino

The increasing of rat population in the environment around us, will cause anxiety, both due to mouse droppings that can be scattered everywhere even in corners of the room that are not visible to us, This will certainly make us very uncomfortable and will certainly cause various kinds of diseases because of the dirty environment. the impact of rats is that can also cause household appliances such as clothes, cables, and other important items to be damaged due to the rat's act. This will certainly make us very uncomfortable, many of people try various ways may have been done to be able to completely eradicate these rats, but in reality, rats will never completely lost from our lives, we can only prevent these rats from entering our homes. Therefore, we try to assemble and create a tool that can repel or minimize the presence of rats in the house, by utilizing technology. The modern technology that we convey here is Short Message technology or SMS. SMS here is used to inform us about the presence of mice that may intend to enter the house. This of course will make it very easy for device users if they are away from home.

A review on the consumption of vended fruits: microbial assessment, risk, and its control

AbstractFruits are very beneficial to health and their consumption has been recommended in daily diets. However, when fresh fruits are harvested and processed into sliced ready-to-eat or vended forms for sale, hygienic procedures are neglected. Thus, they are easily infested by pathogens. In addition, uneducated vendors who sell these fruits often display or hawk them on the streets in contaminated containers, utensils, or dirty environments. This poses a great threat to the health of consumers. In the light of this realization, some microbial assessments have been carried out to ascertain the safety of these vended fruits, thus making it a necessity to exploit the outcomes of some of these microbial assessments on vended fruits in order to sensitize the consumers on the effect of their consumption and mitigate risk by improving their quality. This will assist to lower certain health concerns, an outbreak of diseases, and death.

UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOURS TOWARDS PUBLIC MARKETS AND GROCERY STORES IN TACLOBAN CITY, PHILIPPINES

The Philippine government encourages consumers to buy locally produced foods to promote growth and sustainable agriculture. This will provide further economic, environmental and social benefits to farmers and local areas, leading to more sustainable patterns of consumption. This qualitative research looks at the views and behaviour of consumers in Tacloban City towards buying foods from public and private supermarkets, focusing on the barriers that prevent greater uptake local produce. Two separate focus groups (N=28) were conducted. Content analysis identified five relevant themes in relation to buying foods from public supermarket and private grocery stores. These were lifestyle, cost, food quality, food choices and environment. Participants reported buying their foods and food products mostly from the local public supermarket with the cost, food quality and food choices as factors influencing them to do so. The main barriers preventing participants from buying from local public supermarkets are the dirty environment and inconvenience. The results of the study are useful in developing future strategies for encouraging people to buy more from the local public supermarkets increasing consumption of local produce.

Challenges of Slum Upgrading in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria

Environmental decay in a city is essentially caused by rapid urbanization and the mismatch in the provision and maintenance of housing and infrastructure. This study examined challenges of slum upgrading in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study aims to examine slum areas and their living conditions, and finding out the most critical and problematic zone of the slums Two sources (primary and secondary) of data were utilized in the study: The study population for this study was the residents of Diobu and Waterside in Port Harcourt, River State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data appropriately. Findings established that 11.3% acquired primary education, 29.0% have secondary education, and 14.0% had NCE, 21.0% had both HND and degree and 3.8% had no formal education. Findings showed that 31.7% of the residents were owners of the building while 68.2% were living in rented apartments. Findings revealed that 40.9% of the respondents have bad drainage system which would lead to dirty environment and 6.5% having very good drainage system. The study concluded that majority of building structures in the study area are old that existed for decades without maintenance and the surrounding environment very poor due to neglect.

A MEMS-Enabled Deployable Trace Chemical Sensor Based on Fast Gas-Chromatography and Quartz Enhanced Photoacousic Spectoscopy.

This paper reports on a portable selective chemical sensor for hazardous vapors at trace levels, which combines a two-stage purge and trap vapor pre-concentration system, a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based fast gas-chromatographic (FAST-GC) separation column and a miniaturized quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) detector. The integrated sensing system provides two-dimensional selectivity combining GC retention time and QEPAS spectral information, and was specifically designed to be rugged and suitable to be deployed on unmanned robotic ground vehicles. This is the first demonstration of a miniaturized QEPAS device used as spectroscopic detector downstream of a FAST-GC separation column, enabling real-world analyses in dirty environments with response time of a few minutes. The main modules of the GC/QEPAS sensor device will be described in detail together with the system integration, and successful test results will be reported and discussed.

Health needs and health seeking behaviour of Internally Displaced Persons in Dalori camp, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Objectives: In recent years, thousands of people have been displaced due to conflict and have been forced to live in crowded camps. The study assessed the common health problems, health needs and healthseeking behaviours of internally displaced persons in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to study 240 randomly selected respondents using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.Results: The prevalence of communicable disease outbreak was 59.2% and common health problems of the IDPs were malaria (97.9%), cold and catarrh (65.8%), heart diseases (56.7%), and diarrhoea (53.3%). Findings also revealed that access of IDPs to potable water, insecticide-treated nets (ITN), blankets and health care facility, as well as waste disposal, were generally poor. A large proportion of the respondents reported overcrowding (45.8%), inconducive housing (94.6%), dirty environment (54.6%) and poor food distribution (90%) in the camp. Furthermore, factors that predicted poor health among the IDPs include: educational status (OR: 0.397, p = 0.010), poor water supply (OR: 0.343, p = 0.006), hand washing (OR: 7.064, p = 0.004), and overcrowding (OR: 0.055, p = 0.001).Conclusion: This study concluded that ccommon health problems among the IDPs were malaria, cold and catarrh, heart diseases and diarrhoea and their health needs include lack of access to potable water and inadequate health care services.Keywords: Health-seeking behaviour , Health – need, Internally Displaced Persons, Nigeria

EDUCATION LEVEL AND KNOWLEDGE LEVEL IN OPEN DEFECATION BEHAVIOR

Open defecation behavior is a problem for developing countries including Indonesia. This can cause a dirty environment and a source of transmission of diseases such as diarrhea and other infectious diseases. So there needs to be research that analyzes the risk factors for these behaviors. This study aims to analyze the relationship of knowledge and education level to defecation behavior in all areas. A total of 110 family heads were examined and selected using the proportional random sampling technique. The statistical analysis used is Chi Square. The results of the analysis found that there was a relationship between the level of education (value 0.041; OR = 2.576; 95% CI = 1.118-5,934) and knowledge (pvalue 0.001 OR = 4,000; 95% CI = 1.794-8,920) towards open defecation behavior. There needs to be an effort from various parties to be able to increase knowledge through periodic education and the use of health promotion media that can be accessed anytime and anywhere.

The Dirty Side of Work: Biologization of Physically Tainted Workers

The present studies aim to expand research on dehumanization in the work domain by exploring the biologization – an unexplored form of dehumanization that involves the perception of others as infected and contagious – of physically tainted workers. By integrating the literature on biologization with that of disgust and physically dirty work, we expected that the biologization of workers would be explained by their dirty work environment and by increased feelings of disgust towards them. In Study 1, we showed that focusing on a dirty work environment (vs. on the person performing the work) increased feelings of disgust towards workers and, in turn, their biologization. Coherently, in Study 2, we found that a physically tainted occupation (vs. baseline condition) increased participants’ feelings of disgust and biological dehumanization towards the worker. In contrast, a non-physically tainted occupation (vs. baseline condition) had no effects on disgust and biologization. The theoretical and practical implications are considered.