Direction Of Scientific Research Research Articles

Формування соціальних видатків в умовах воєнного стану

Introduction. Budget expenditures for social needs are an important tool for satisfying human interests, ensuring the well-being of citizens, and raising the standard of living of the population. Budget expenditures as an instrument of budget policy have a significant impact on the complete implementation of budget programs in the social sphere. Nationwide or global crises, shocks, etc. undermine the stability of financial and economic systems, including the full implementation of social policy. Problem Statement. The Russian-Ukrainian war undermined the foundations of the stability of the national economy. A significant number of business entities stopped their activities, at the same time the export of products almost completely stopped, budget revenues decreased significantly, which complicated the processes of budget implementation. This actualizes the efforts of politicians and practitioners to find optimal solutions for filling the budget, as well as strengthening the synergy of scientists in the context of conducting thorough research in the field of social expenditure formation in war conditions. Purpose. Assess the peculiarities of the formation of social budget expenditures under martial law in 2022. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. The conducted analysis showed that the financial and economic situation in the state significantly worsened with the beginning of the Russian invasion, which affected the ability to obtain basic services, the level of income and the quality of life of the population. The structure of budget expenditures has changed, because the defense of the country has become a priority task. At the same time, the amount of social spending should not decrease, as it is necessary to take into account the future social pressure associated with the consequences of the war. Budgeting processes are currently being transformed in a certain way, subject to priority, urgent measures aimed at protecting the country, as well as solving humanitarian and social issues. Therefore, it is necessary to search for additional sources of filling the budget, create reserve funds, redistribute budget expenditures, etc. Effective allocation and saving of limited budget funds will enable the government to maneuver financial resources, prevent associated risks, optimize expenditures, and concentrate them on strategic areas and other urgent tasks of a different nature. Conclusions. In the period of martial law, the tasks of budget policy remain essentially unchanged, in particular: effective management, distribution and use of budget expenditures for priority goals of both economic and social development. The structure of budget expenditures should take into account macroeconomic dynamics and adapt to military conditions, and therefore focus on the implementation of social priorities, primarily ensuring social benefits, providing medical and educational services, etc. The state must solve complex social tasks, which, in our opinion, is a promising direction for further scientific research.

GLOBAL MODELS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR

The study and systematization of foreign experience in the organization of the functioning of the banking system, the study of the role of the state in this process, the determination of the best practices that can be applied in Ukraine, is an actual direction of scientific research. The main criterion for the classification of models of state regulation of the banking sector is the degree of state intervention in banking activity. Based on the analysis of research on approaches to the classification of models of state regulation of the banking sector and considering the most widespread practices in the countries of the world, it is proposed to distinguish liberal, European, American, mixed, transitional, and Islamic models of state regulation of the banking sector. The main characteristics of the models were systematized and the possibilities of their application in Ukraine were assessed. It was determined that, considering the need to maintain stability and avoid risks, the European model is more appropriate for the conditions of Ukraine. An active role of the state in regulation can help prevent financial crises and ensure the reliability of banks. A mixed model, which allows combining elements of different models, can help create a flexible regulatory framework that considers the unique aspects of the Ukrainian economy and financial system. Under martial law, a transition model characterized by strong state intervention to stimulate development and financial inclusion is the most appropriate. The study analyzed the degree of suitability of the proposed models in wartime conditions in terms of the priority tasks of the state regarding the regulation of the banking sector in wartime conditions, namely ensuring stability and reliability, efficiency, and flexibility, stimulating the economy and recovery, minimizing risks, and protecting the financial interests of citizens. The theoretical justification of the role and functions of the central bank in the system of state regulation of the banking sector, as well as the development of mechanisms for increasing its efficiency in the conditions of martial law, may be the direction of further scientific research.

Теоретико-прикладные аспекты категориально-понятийного аппарата юридической психологии

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article reflects the results of a study of theoretical and applied aspects of the categori-cal and conceptual apparatus of legal psychology from a critical point of view. Conclusions are drawn about the special position of legal psychology as an applied discipline in relation to the legal sciences, in connection with which the priority role in solving its problems is given to legal concepts, which in their essence are self-sufficient and conventional. The conventional nature of legal concepts, built on an agreement between lawyers in the under-standing of certain terms, comes down to the fact that in their content they in some cases do not coincide with the content of general psychological categories and concepts. In terms of scope, they are either narrower or wider than psychological concepts. In this regard, the significant reverse influence of psychological concepts on legal ones, expressed in the re-flection of psychological patterns and mechanisms of psychological and legal phenomena, becomes a laborious and long process, since legal concepts do not aim to reflect the true structure of the world. The features of the categorical-conceptual apparatus of legal psy-chology listed in this study make it possible to more accurately determine the direction of scientific research, correctly understand the needs of legal practice and predict the long-term consequences of the results of one’s scientific activity.</p>

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES AMONG THE ADULT POPULATION

Dental care is the most widespread type of medical care, however, the system of prevention and prenosological diagnosis of diseases of the oral cavity is imperfect and insufficiently effective.
 The aim – to analyze the main indicators of dental care to the population, the system of financial support for the dental industry in Ukraine and substantiate a model for the prevention of dental diseases, taking into account current conditions and WHO initiatives.
 Methods of research: systems approach and system analysis, bibliosemantic, content analysis, modeling.
 Results of the research. In recent decades, the country has revealed a significant deterioration in the dental status of the population due to the unsatisfactory state of preventive activities, change in financing of
 the dental industry. In the context of modern financing of the dental industry, solving the problem of preserving and improving the dental health of the population is in the plane of development of the sector of prevention services dental diseases at all levels of medical care, organization of joint medical practice and interdisciplinary approach.
 Conclusions. The priority direction for improving the provision of dental care to the population in modern conditions is to reorient the patient's motivation from treatment to prevention and providing the population with such preventive services. Improvement of existing forms of preservation of dental health on the basis of interdisciplinary cooperation of doctors from different practices is an actual direction of scientific research in the public health system and in the system of continuous professional development of doctors.

История становления и развития микробиологии в Саратовском государственном университете

The review presents the origins of the study of microbiology at the Saratov State University, the formation and development from the establishment of the Department of Microbiology at Saratov University in 1918 under the leadership of Alexei Ilyich Berdnikov to the educational and scientific-practical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology at the present time. The history of the department is closely connected with the activities of outstanding microbiologists Alexander Alexandrovich Bogomolets, Sergey Mikhailovich Nikanorov, the first head of the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Biology of SSU – Albert Reingoldovich Werner, heads of the Department Maria Petrovna Gnutenko, Marina Konstantinovna Shcheglova, Pavel Abramovich Chirov, who formed the main directions of scientific research. Pages of the history of our country were reflected in the life of the staff of the department: the repressions of the 1930s, the deportation of the Volga Germans in 1941, the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. In 1955 The Department of Microbiology is combined with the Department of Plant Anatomy and Physiology. The department has become the cradle of scientific and educational departments of Saratov institutions – the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics of SSU, the Department of Microbiology of SSMU, the Federal State Institution of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor. Currently, scientific and pedagogical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology of the SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky is provided by the head of the department Sergey Alexandrovich Stepanov, doсents Alexandra Mikhailovna Peterson, Elena Vladimirovna Glinskaya, Denis Valeryevich Utkin, Valeria Valeryevna Korobko, Mikhail Yuryevich Kasatkin.

Priority Development Subject Areas of Global Medical Science

Introduction. One of the tools that allows to assess the relevance of initiated or ongoing scientific studies is the scientometric analysis of their topics. The method is actively and widely used not only for rating models based on various bibliometric indicators and parameters, as well as for evaluating the publication activity of authors, organizations, scientific publications, cities, and countries. Russia and other countries have amassed extensive experience rating accomplishments in scientific and educational fields, specifically using numerous scientometric indicators to assess scientific effectiveness and productivity. The article compiles a scientometric rating of the subject areas covered by “Medicine” in order to identify the priority development directions of global medical science.
 Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the “Medicine” section using the SciVal analytical platform, which uses data from the international scientific citation database Scopus. Four scientometric indicators (scholarly output, citation count, citation per output and field-weighted citation impact) were analyzed for a three-year period from 2019 to 2021.
 Results and discussion. The paper presents a table method for determining the worldwide priority directions of scientific research in medicine. For each of the four scientometric indicators, the TOP-5 subject areas have been identified, the list of which is approximately the same in terms of scholarly output and citation count, but significantly differs in citation per output and field-weighted citation impact.
 Conclusion. The TOP-5 of four scientometric indicators for the period 2019–2021 includes twelve subject areas, such as cardiology and cardiovascular medicine, oncology, surgery, infectious diseases, epidemiology, medical microbiology, public health, etc. The data obtained during the study confirm the strong thematic correlation between publications in certain subject areas. The algorithm described in the paper can be further adopted on local, organizational, regional, and national levels, i. e. in organizations, cities, and countries. This methodology seems to be promising in identifying and analyzing priority areas of scientific research and determining the index of scientific specialization of certain groups of countries, for example, BRICS, G7, G20, EU, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Eurasian Economic Union, etc.

Genesis of scientific research directions in dentistry: on the materials of dissertation research

BACKGROUND: In 2022, a new passport of the specialty 3.1.7 Dentistry has been introduced with new lines of scientific research; however, no content analysis of previous studies over a long period has been made.
 AIM: To examine the genesis of scientific research lines based on dissertation materials in the specialty 14.01.14 (14.00.21) Dentistry in 28 years (19932020).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzed dissertation abstracts (19932020) published in the electronic catalogs of the Russian State Library, Russian National Library, and Central Scientific Medical Library. The results were checked for the normalcy of the location of markers. Arithmetical means and their errors are presented in the text. The development of scientific research lines has been explored statistically, and a second-order polynomial trend was built.
 RESULTS: The study identified 5773 dissertation abstracts in the specialty 14.01.14 (14.00.21) Dentistry, submitted to the dissertation councils of the USSR (Russia) in 19932020. They accounted for approximately 5.8% of all medical dissertations in Russia. In total, 610 (10.5%) dissertations for the doctor of medicine and 5163 (89.5%) for the candidate of medicine were found. The average annual array was 206 15, including candidate ones with 184 14, and doctorate ones with 22 1. Moreover, 24.2% of the works were at the science intersection (in two specialties). Generally, polynomial trends in the number of dissertations and indicators of scientific research lines were associated with inverted U-curves with maximum data in 20042009, and with data decrease in the last monitoring period, it generally reflected the training development of highly qualified specialists in Russia.
 CONCLUSION: The content analysis of the dissertations revealed the genesis of dentistry-leading knowledge, which can help scientists avoid parallel or dead-end studies when planning their work.

Approbation of the program of individual physical training of future officers using modern fitness technologies

Summarizing the results of the analysis of scientific literature, it was established that the existing system of individual physical training of future officers needs scientifically based transformation in accordance with today's requirements. In addition, the members of the scientific research group found an insufficient number of scientific works devoted to solving the practical problem of forming the physical readiness of future officers in the system of individual physical training using modern fitness technologies (exercise equipment). This emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
 The main goal of the study is the approval of the program of individual physical training of future officers using TRX training loops (modern technical means of training).
 As a result of an empirical study, we tested the program of individual physical training of future officers of the NGU using TRX training loops (modern technical means of training). When comparing the indicators obtained as a result of the empirical study (before and after the approval of the experimental program with an emphasis on the use of TRX training loops and modern training equipment), it was established that, that the results obtained at the end of the pedagogical experiment in the studied groups increased relative to the initial data, and these differences are mostly reliable (Eg, P≤0.05). Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research include the development of an experimental program of individual physical training of female cadets using TRX training loops (modern fitness technologies).

Introduction of rare techniques into the system of long-term training of athletes (men and women) who specialize in sambo wrestling

The development of Sports Science contributes to high competition among wrestlers during their participation in competitions of various ranks, which requires the search for modern Pedagogical Technologies (Models), appropriate Pedagogical Conditions, methods, etc., which ensure their readiness for competitive activities.
 According to the Results of the analysis of Scientific-Methodical, special and reference literature by the members of the Scientific Research group, it was established that the actual issue of the formation of Technical Skills of athletes (men and women) who specialize in Martial arts (wrestling) with an emphasis on the use of rare Technical and Tactical actions – an insufficient number of Scientific works are devoted. This emphasizes the relevance, timeliness and practical component of the chosen direction of Scientific Research.
 The main goal of the Research is the development and approval of Pedagogical Conditions for the formation of Technical readiness of Sports men and women who specialize in Sambo wrestling with an accented use of an arsenal of rare Techniques (in the annual cycle of multi-year training). Research Methods: axiomatic, idealization, historical and logical, descent from concrete, mathematical and statistical formalization (criterion χ2).
 As a Result of an empirical study, the members of the Scientific Research group developed and tested Pedagogical Conditions for the formation of Technical readiness of Sports men and women who specialize in sambo wrestling with an accented use of an arsenal of rare Techniques (the second stage of the annual cycle).
 The Results of the Theoretical Research are implemented in the System of long-term training of higher education graduates who specialize in Sambo wrestling: Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kamianets-Podilskyi National University named after Ivan Ohienko, Kyiv Institute of the National Guard of Ukraine, Prydniprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports, Sumy National Agrarian University and Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs. Prospects for further Research in the chosen field of Scientific Research include the development of an occupational Therapy Program for Veteran Sambo wrestling athletes after knee joint injuries with an emphasis on the use of kinesiological taping and TRX training loops (modern fitness Technologies).

Main directions of scientific research and implementation of modern information technologies in physical education and sports

In the modern information society, information and communication technologies are rapidly developing and are used in various spheres of human activity. Well-known experts believe that scientific, industrial, business and educational technologies, as well as arts and sports technologies, are based on information systems. Therefore, issues related to the use of modern information and communication technologies in physical culture and sports and further research of this problem are very relevant. The purpose of the study is to systematize the main directions of using modern information technologies in the field of physical culture and sports.
 It was established that the concept of «information system» can have a broad and narrow interpretation. In a broad sense, it covers the technical, software and organizational support and personnel created to provide users with the information they need. In a narrow sense, an information system is a collection of information contained in databases and providing its processing by information technologies and technical means.
 The analysis of literary sources showed that the use of information technologies is of great importance for improving the training process and achieving better results in sports. Scientists from different countries are actively developing programs and technologies for collecting and analyzing training data, using various tools for recording and analyzing biomechanical parameters and data visualization. Systems for testing the physical condition and working capacity of athletes are also being developed. The use of such technologies can contribute to the development of domestic information technology systems for sports and recreation. It has been established that in the field of physical culture and sports it is possible to use information systems in the following areas: managerial, organizational and research activities; maintenance of sports competitions; sports training and training of athletes; informational and methodological support and management of the educational process in educational institutions and sports organizations; health physical culture; monitoring of physical condition, health and environment; psychodiagnostics in sports.

Application and Development of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Inertial Navigation System in Underground Space

Fiber Optic Gyroscope Inertial Navigation System (FOG-INS) is a navigation system using fiber optic gyroscopes and accelerometers, which can offer high-precision position, velocity, and attitude information for carriers. FOG-INS is widely used in aerospace, marine ships, and vehicle navigation. In recent years, it has also played an important role in underground space. For example, in the deep earth, FOG-INS can be used in directional well drilling, which can enhance recovery in resource exploitation. While, in shallow earth, FOG-INS is a high-precision positioning technique that can guide construction in trenchless underground pipelaying. This article extensively reviews the application status and latest progress of FOG-INS in underground space from three aspects—FOG inclinometer, FOG drilling tool attitude measurement while drilling (MWD) unit, and FOG pipe-jacking guidance system. First, measurement principles and product technologies are introduced. Second, the research hot spots are summarized. Finally, the key technical issues and future trends for development are put forward. The findings of this work are useful for further research in the field of FOG-INS in underground space, which not only provides new ideas and directions for scientific research, but also offers guidance for subsequent engineering applications.

Scientific Research Directions by Russian Scientists at the end of the XIX century: Analysis of Publications of the Journal “Nauka i Zhizn'” (1892)

Scientific Research Directions by Russian Scientists at the end of the XIX century: Analysis of Publications of the Journal “Nauka i Zhizn'” (1892)

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AT THE DEPARTMENT ALGEBRA IN UZHHOROD UNIVERSITY

The relevance of the chosen research topic lies in the importance of knowledge and understanding of trends in the development of scientific activities of the academic departments, since academic departments may become centers for creating scientific schools in Ukraine. Samuil Berman and Petro Hudyvok played an important role in organizing the Department of Algebra at Uzhhorod University and choosing the direction of scientific research. Their scientific genius and pedagogical talent made them and the department they founded famous in Ukraine and abroad. The history of the Department of Algebra is an integral part of the history of Uzhhorod University which was founded in 1945. The purpose of the article is to provide a historical overview of the creation of the Department of Algebra at Uzhhorod University, its development and scientific activity for more than half a century, as well as a review of the important scientific results of the cohort of scientists who were united by the Department of Algebra and its ideological leader P.Hudyvok. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of the results obtained during the analysis to clarify the key concepts of the study, generalization and systematization in order to form research conclusions. The article provides historical data on the prerequisites for the initiation and establishment of the Department of Algebra at Uzhhorod University, on the scientific directions of the department's lecturers and their main scientific results. We made an overview of the main directions of scientific activity at the department and an overview of the important results of scientific research performed by the department's lecturers. Professor P.Hudyvok, a student of the outstanding scientist S.Berman, together with a cohort of scientists continued the development of algebraic scientific activity at Uzhhorod University. Uzhhorod algebraists are called the Berman-Hudyvok school in mathematical communities in Ukraine and abroad for their significant contribution to science.

Physical Activity Intensity Measurement and Health: State of the Art and Future Directions for Scientific Research.

Physical activity guidelines for health recommend any type of unstructured physical activity for health promotion. Adults should perform at least 150-300 min per week of moderate intensity or 75-150 min per week of vigorous intensity activities, or an equivalent combination of the two intensities. However, the relationship between physical activity intensity and longevity remains a debated topic, with conflicting perspectives offered by epidemiologists, clinical exercise physiologists or anthropologists. This paper addresses the current known role of physical activity intensity (in particular vigorous versus moderate intensity) on mortality and the existing problems of measurement. Given the diversity of existing proposals to categorize physical activity intensity, we call for a common methodology. Device-based physical activity measurements (e.g., wrist accelerometers) have been proposed as a valid method to measure physical activity intensity. An appraisal of the results reported in the literature, however, highlights that wrist accelerometers have not yet demonstrated sufficient criterion validity when they are compared to indirect calorimetry. Novel biosensors and wrist accelerometers will help us understand how different metrics of physical activity relates to human health, however, all these technologies are not enough mature to provide personalized applications for healthcare or sports performance.

Cholecalciferol as a means of nonspecific immunoprophylaxis against COVID-19

The current direction of scientific research in recent years has been the study of the immunobiological properties of vitamin D. The purpose of this work was to analyze the results of oral administration of cholecalciferol in order to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed in the period from October 07 to December 29, 2020, when there were no immunobiological drugs for specific prevention of COVID-19. The total number of respondents was 73 people; all had been ill with coronavirus only once. The etiological diagnosis of the disease included molecular genetic testing of samples of two localizations obtained by the conventional method (nasopharynx, oropharynx). The concentration of antibodies to the virus was determined on average 2 months after the disease using a set of reagents SARS-CoV-2-IgG quantitative-ELISA-Best (JSC Vector-Best, Russia). An approximate assessment of IgM concentration was carried out using a set of SARS-CoV-2-IgM-ELISA-Best from the same manufacturer. Among the study participants were those who used immunobiological drugs for the prevention of infection (riamilovir, umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate, human recombinant interferon alpha-2b, zinc acetate, vitamin C). In particular, 28 people (38.4%) took cholecalciferol (group No. 1) and 45 people (61.6%) did not use this (group No. 2). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the statistical package STATISTICA v.12.5.192.5 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). We applied the analysis of basic statistics, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, Wald–Wolfowitz Runs Test, Kruskal– Wallis test. Differences in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome of the two studied groups were revealed: in patients taking cholecalciferol, the syndrome did not develop at all; in group No. 2, it was registered in 20.0% of cases (Chi-Square = 5.242, p = 0.02). In addition, in patients of group No. 1, the concentration of IgG 2 months after the disease was 3.8 times higher than the values in group No. 2 (Chi-Square = 9.268, p = 0.003). Similar differences were found for the IgM level (Wilks' Lambda: 0.659 approx. F (7.32) = 2.367 p < 0.045). It was known that in both groups there were respondents who used other immuno-active substances for preventive purposes. In the first group there were 18 people (24.7% of all); in the second, there were 13 people (17.8% of all). It was found that those who used other immuno-active substances and did not take vitamin D suffered the disease more easily than everyone else. The respondents who did not use any immunoprophylactic agents were the next in terms of the severity of the infection. The respondents who took cholecalciferol mainly assessed the severity of the infection as average. The study participants who took both vitamin D and used other means of prevention suffered the most from COVID-19. Respondents who took cholecalciferol more often than others reported long-term fatigue, exacerbation of chronic and the appearance of new diseases (hypertension, cardialgia, bronchial asthma, allergies, decreased visual acuity), muscle, joint and vertebral pains that appeared for the first time. The phenomenon of arthralgia and other lesions of large joints in COVID-19 was described by us earlier. Studies by other authors also report frequent complaints of increased fatigue and joint pain. At the same time, the role of vitamin D is considered exclusively from the standpoint of vitamin deficiency in a new coronavirus infection and its potential role in inhibiting hyperinflammatory reactions, as well as accelerating the healing process of affected areas, especially in lung tissue. It was found that vitamin D intake did not affect the incidence of fever, the incidence of pneumonia, the volume of lung tissue damage (based on computed tomography data), the duration of hospitalization and the disease as a whole, and also did not prevent the development of anosmia and dysgeusia. The use of vitamin D as a protective agent to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus has had an impact on reducing the frequency/ prevention of cases of respiratory distress syndrome during the disease. Also, those who took vitamin D recorded an increase in the formation of IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus 2 months after infection 3.8 times higher than the values recorded in respondents who did not take cholecalciferol. The participants who took cholecalciferol suffered the infection more severely, especially if they used any other protective substances. Also, with the preventive intake of vitamin D after COVID-19, increased fatigue persisted longer, the appearance of new and activation of chronic diseases and muscle, joint and vertebral pains that appeared for the first time were reported more often, which correlates with the data we received earlier.

Pulmonary hypertension: modern methods of treatment and ways of their long-term development.

Introduction: The purpose of this work is to review the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of PH, as well as modern established methods of treatment of various types of PH and to consider new, most relevant and promising possibilities of therapy for this pathology. Etiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology: In the modern structure of diseases, pulmonary hypertension plays a significant role, affecting about 1% of the population. However, each of its five main groups has its own characteristics. The causes of pulmonary hypertension can be a polyetiological violation of the processes of endotheliocyte apoptosis and angiogenesis, passive transmission of increased pressure from the left heart to the small circulatory system, chronic hypoxia, leading to vascular remodeling, and many others. In general, it is worth noting that, despite the multiplicity of etiological factors, the main pathogenetic link in the development of pulmonary hypertension is endothelial dysfunction. Treatment and promising areas of research: This article discusses the main established approaches to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: general recommendations for patients, drugs used as supportive nonspecific therapy, as well as specific conservative and radical methods of treatment. In addition, the main modern directions of scientific research in the field of treatment of pulmonary hypertension are described. Such promising methods as the use of stem cells, gene therapy and epigenetic drugs are considered. Conclusion: Despite active research and many different drugs intended for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, this pathological condition remains an urgent health problem. Thus, the search for new points of application of therapy and fundamentally new methods of treatment of pulmonary hypertension remains relevant to this day.

Методика проведения агротехнических исследований в опытах с масличными культурами (Сообщение 1. Исследования в опытах с соей)

There are stated methodic peculiarities of investigations in experiments with oil crops: the basis of the scientific cognition and a choice of directions of sci-entific researches, methods of scientific researches, planning and organization of an experiment. The basic elements of the methodology of a field experiment are described. There are presented observations and accounts in the field experiments with soybean: plant structure, growth, and development; phenology and biometrics; the diagnostic of mineral nutrition for soybean; the determination of elements of yield structure; the determination of a number and weight of nodules on plant roots; analytic observations in laboratory; yield account and the calculation of the consumption of nutrients, oil and protein yields, and seed yield. The article is based on a published book “Methodology of agricultural and chemical investigations in experiments with oil crops” by Lukomets V.M., Tishkov N.M., and Semerenko S.A. (Krasnodar, 2022).

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS BASED ON BASALT FIBERS

The article examines the results of the research work carried out at the TBKV department of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture on the creation of samples of thermal and sound insulation products with increased operational properties based on modified basalt fiber. The topicality of the topic is due to the predicted reduction of the world reserves of energy carriers with a simultaneous increase in the volume of consumption and cost, which determined the tendency to increase the requirements for thermal protection of buildings and structures and the energy efficiency of technological processes. Based on this, the priority direction of scientific research is the development of materials and technologies for the production of highly efficient heat and sound insulation products based on environmentally friendly mineral raw materials. One of the representatives of these materials is basalts and their structural analogues (gabbro, syenites) with obtaining various materials when using them as raw materials.Samples of erupted rocks - basalts and their structural analogues - were selected for research. The breeds of deposits of Ukraine: Yanova Dolyna, Usachkivske, Donetske were used directly in the research.To increase the reliability of the results of the experiment and to observe the logical sequence of the tasks, the research was divided into three stages: technological, modification of basalt fiber and production of flexible heat and sound insulation products [1].The question was considered step by step:- production of low-temperature basalt melt with an extended range of working viscosity;- influence of physical, mechanical and rheological properties of basalt melt;- the process of interaction of basalt fiber with an etching solution in order to adjust the chemical composition in the direction of obtaining the maximum content of silica, aluminum, titanium;- determination of the structural characteristics of the modified basalt fiber after thermal stabilization;- the study of sound insulation characteristics was determined by the change in the nature of the distribution of sound energy during its passage through the thickness of the material.The conducted studies allow us to make a transition to the technological parameters of obtaining TKIV. The technology for the production of flexible thermal and sound insulation products based on modified basalt fiber and the study of their operational characteristics was developed.

МОРАЛЬНЕ ВІДЧУЖЕННЯ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЧИННИК КОРУПЦІЇ

The purpose of the study is to consider moral alienation as one of the psychological mechanisms used by corrupt officials to justify their actions. Research results. The article examines the general mechanism and components of the alienation of moral responsibility, as a phenomenon that is constructed in the experience of a corrupt person and protects his self-esteem at the expense of not applying internal moral sanctions to himself in the conditions of opposing his own behaviour to generally accepted moral norms. The existence of a cognitive mechanism that reinterprets morality in a person in such a way that moral self-regulation is blocked or even does not work has been revealed. Alienation of moral responsibility is presented as an important psychological construct, the application of which to the description and explanation of such a socio-legal phenomenon as corruption is productive and useful for predicting corrupt behaviour. Conclusions. Foreign studies were analysed, which show various contexts of corruption implemented in recent years; a grouping of the collected scientific material was carried out, taking into account the great heterogeneity of the presented works, and those of them were singled out, which reveal precisely the psychological perspectives of the given topic; the largest thorough empirical studies are analysed; a synthesis of the obtained material was carried out and further possible directions of scientific research were determined. Key words: justification, cognitive reconstruction, corruption, moral selfregulation, moral alienation, moral standards.

Tendencies of research and development in resources chemicals and materials — Summarization of a Youth's topic forum

The 2022′s Youth Forum on Resources Chemicals and Materials was held on November 12–13, 2022, in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Panel discussions focus on the cutting-edge researches on “Fine chemicals and advanced alloy materials” and “Utilization of fossil and renewable carbon resources”. This perspective summarizes the major directions of scientific research and technical developments aligned in the discussions. Fine chemical industry tends to pursue green and low-carbon products, intelligent product design, and start manufacturing. In recent years, great efforts have been made for transformation of cellulose into advanced electronic as well as life-service bio-materials and to the high-selectivity extraction of bio-base aromatic chemicals from lignin. Concerning high-end alloy materials, regulating deformation mechanism of crystal to construct bimodal microstructure seems highly prospective in harmonizing precipitate hardening effect and plastic deformation capacity. As we know, utilization of fossil carbon resources constitutes the major anthropogenic carbon emissions, and the related innovations thus should be, for possibly a long period, on increasing energy production efficiency and low-carbon cascaded conversion of fossil fuels, especially of coal.