Direct Electron Transport Research Articles

Effect of Platinum Ribbons on Photoelectric Efficiencies of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In this study, we fabricate a counter electrode by coating a Pt ribbon onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate with a Pt layer. The Pt ribbon gives rise to a protrusive structure of the counter electrode, produced by photolithography, sputtering and lift-off processes. The experimental results reveal that the photoelectric efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the Pt ribbon (5.32%) is 21% higher than that of the DSSC without a Pt ribbon (4.38%). This infers that Pt ribbons can increase the photoelectric efficiencies of DSSCs. The DSSC with the Pt ribbon has a large photoelectric efficiency of 5.32%, not only because the protrusive structure has specific channels for directional electron transport, but also because of its large surface area. The method that is proposed herein has the advantages of a low production cost and easy fabrication that can be applied to various electrode structures.

Potential of hydrochar/pyrochar derived from sawdust of oriental plane tree for stimulating methanization by mitigating propionic acid inhibition in mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure

VFAs accumulation in anaerobic digestion systems can lead to disturbance of the acid base balance, which has brought major challenges for methane production. Meanwhile, less research explored the potential of biochar derived from wood wastes of oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) for stimulating methanization in mesophilic anaerobic digestion. In this study, the effects of pyrochar and hydrochar derived from sawdust of oriental plane tree on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure were compared for the first time. Fourier infrared transform analysis indicated that more functional groups existed on the surface of hydrochar, whereas higher ash content and BET specific surface area were found in pyrochar. The maximum methane production rate during anaerobic digestion was observed in the pyrochar treatment, which increased by 59.5% compared with the control without biochar. Although stimulative effects on dissolved organic carbon and volatile fatty acids production were both observed in the pyrochar and hydrochar treatments, the pyrochar treatment was much easier to trigger multipath methanogenesis and direct interspecific electron transport and subdue propionic acid accumulation compared to the hydrochar treatment. Moreover, redundancy analysis indicated that the variations in acetic acid and dissolved organic carbon were mostly associated with microbial succession. These results suggest that pyrochar has better promoting effects than HC in terms of methane generation and propionic acid inhibition alleviation owing to its special porous structures, functional groups (e.g., C=O, C–O and O–H), and physicochemical properties. These excellent properties play a greater role in recruiting functional archaea and bacteria to regulate the levels of volatile fatty acids and dissolved organic carbon to enhance the methane yield of anaerobic digestion. This study provides novel and valuable information for further engineering applications of pyrochar and hydrochar derived from sawdust of oriental plane tree in energy production and environmental waste treatment.

Recent advances in biological approaches towards anode biofilm engineering for improvement of extracellular electron transfer in microbial fuel cells

Over the last two decades, scientific communities have been more interested in turning organic waste materials into bioenergy. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) can degrade organic wastewater and produce electrical power. Many constraints have limited the development of MFC. Among them, the anode biofilm development is one of the significant constraints that need to be improved. This review delineates the role of various biological components in the development of electroactive biofilm. The current article focuses on the numerous electron exchange methods for microbiome-induced electron transfer activity, the different proteins, and secretory chemicals involved in electron transfer. This study also focuses on several proteomics and genomics methodologies that have been adopted and developed to improve the extra electron transfer mechanism in electroactive bacteria. Recent advances and publications on synthetic biology and genetic engineering in investigating the direct and indirect electron transport phenomena have also been highlighted. This review helps the reader to understand the recent development in the genetic manipulations of the biofilm, electrode material modifications, EET mechanisms, and operational strategies for improving anode performance. This review also discusses the challenges in present technology and the future direction for improving biofilm production at the anode.

Probing the effect of nitro-substituents in the modulation of LUMO energies for directional electron transport through 4d6 ruthenium(II)-based metallosurfactants.

Electron-withdrawing nitro-substituents were installed onto terpyridine- and phenanthroline-based metallosurfactants with 4d6 ruthenium(II), which were deposited as Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers aiming to study the feasibility of charge transport in Au|LB|Au junctions. The nitro groups are intended to modulate the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals to near to, or match that of Fermi levels in the gold electrodes. A series of heteroleptic metallosurfactants [RuII(C18OPh-terpy)(X-terpy)](PF6)2 and [RuII(C18OPh-terpy)(X-phen)Cl]PF6 were synthesized, where C18OPh-terpy is the 4'-[4-(octadecyloxy)phenyl]-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine amphiphile common to all species, X-terpy is a terpyridine with-H (1) or-phenyl-NO2 (2) and X-phen is a phenanthroline with-H (3) or-NO2 (4) groups. These metallosurfactants were characterized by experimental and computational methods, and the presence of nitro groups affect more affordable reductions at less negative potentials, as well as slightly more positive oxidations, these changes are less pronounced in species 2 than in 4. Species 1 and 2 showed limited Pockels-Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett film formation with lower collapse pressure of 27 mN m-1. In contrast, metallosurfactants 3 and 4 showed enhanced hydrophilicity indicated by higher collapse pressures of ca. 36 mN m-1. The LB monolayers of 3 and 4 were deposited on gold electrodes to form Au|LB|Au junctions and electron transport was measured as I/V curves. The NO2-bearing species 4 showed asymmetric curves associated with directional electron transport with amplitudes up to -2.0 nA and rectification ratios from 5 to 26 between -1 to +1 V and from 3 to 14 between -3 to +3 V.

Construction of a heterojunction with fast charge transport channels for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a synergistic strategy of Co-doping and crystal plane modulation.

Carrier spatial separation efficiency and active electron density are the key factors affecting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Heterojunction catalysts with fast charge separation and directed electron transport systems were successfully prepared by a synergistic modification strategy of transition metal (Co) doping and crystal plane modulation. The optimized electronic structure and enhanced reaction kinetics enabled unidirectional electron transfer. Photocatalytic results show that CdS(002)/Co-C3N4 exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution activity (991.2 μmol h-1 g-1) in the absence of a co-catalyst, which is 37.0 and 3.4 times higher than that of C3N4 (26.8 μmol h-1 g-1) and Co-C3N4 (294.6 μmol h-1 g-1), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the enhanced catalytic activity of CdS(002)/Co-C3N4 is attributed to the reduced electron-hole recombination rate and the increased electron density at the active site. This work provides a new idea for the design of photocatalysts with directed charge transport channels from the perspective of re-optimizing heterojunctions.

Exploring degradation properties and mechanisms of emerging contaminants via enhanced directional electron transfer by polarized electric fields regulation in Fe-N4-Cx

Heterogeneous catalysis offers an opportunity to overcome the low efficiency and secondary pollution limitations of emerging contaminants (ECs) purification technologies, but it is still challenging to regulate electron directed transport for achieving high catalysis efficiency and selectivity due to insufficient understanding of the electron transfer pathways and behavioral mechanisms during its catalysis. Here, by tuning the defects of the C-N coordination of the support, the polarized electric field (PEF) characteristics are changed, which in turn affects the electron transport behavior. The results show that the charge offset on Fe-N4-Cx forms a PEF, which will induce directional electron transport. After the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) fitting analysis, the greater the degree of C-N defects, the higher the intensity of the PEF, which in turn enhances the electron transport and promotes the catalytic behavior. In addition, the surface pyrrole N site can adsorb enrofloxacin (ENR) and enrich it on the surface. This can reduce the transport distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to synergize catalysis and adsorption, resulting in rapid degradation of ECs. Combined with liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) results and theoretical calculations, five degradation pathways of ENR were speculated, mainly including the oxidation of piperazine and the cleavage of the quinolone ring. This work proposes a novel PEF regulation strategy and explores its mechanism for safe treatment of ECs.

Photosynthetic Polymer Dots–Bacteria Biohybrid System Based on Transmembrane Electron Transport for Fixing CO2 into Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate

Organic semiconductor-microbial photosynthetic biohybrid systems show great potential in light-driven biosynthesis. In such a system, an organic semiconductor is used to harvest solar energy and generate electrons, which can be further transported to microorganisms with a wide range of metabolic pathways for final biosynthesis. However, the lack of direct electron transport proteins in existing microorganisms hinders the hybrid system of photosynthesis. In this work, we have designed a photosynthetic biohybrid system based on transmembrane electron transport that can effectively deliver the electrons from organic semiconductor across the cell wall to the microbe. Biocompatible organic semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) are used as photosensitizers to construct a ternary synergistic biochemical factory in collaboration with Ralstonia eutropha H16 (RH16) and electron shuttle neutral red (NR). Photogenerated electrons from Pdots promote the proportion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) through NR, driving the Calvin cycle of RH16 to convert CO2 into poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), with a yield of 21.3 ± 3.78 mg/L, almost 3 times higher than that of original RH16. This work provides a concept of an integrated photoactive biological factory based on organic semiconductor polymer dots/bacteria for valuable chemical production only using solar energy as the energy input.

Intensified atrazine removal in a novel biochar coupled electrolysis-integrated bioretention system

Triazine herbicide (e.g., atrazine, ATZ) loss caused by road stormwater runoff is one of the most important non-point source pollutions. This study developed a biochar coupled electrolysis-integrated system (BC-EC-BRS), and its removal impact on ATZ under different initial concentration of ATZ, received runoff volume and rainfall intensity was investigated. Compared with the other three groups of bioretention systems, including a conventional system without biochar and electrolysis (BRS), an electrolysis-integrated system (EC-BRS), and a biochar amended system (BC-BRS), the ATZ removal rate in BC-EC-BRS was significantly increased to 90.26 %, roughly 40 % higher than BRS, indicating that electrolysis and biochar had a synergistic promotion impact on ATZ removal. However, due to the limitations inherent in the soil medium adsorption site and electron donor, the removal efficiency of ATZ in each system decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of ATZ and rainfall intensity, while the removal efficiency of ATZ in BC-EC-BRS is less affected. The main reason may be that under the presence of electrolysis, ATZ can be oxidized by direct electron transport or by OH adsorbed on the anode surface, and the resulting by-product hydroxyatrazine (HA) may mean that ATZ is more biodegradable in BC-EC-BRS. Iron ions in-situ supported on biochar (Fe@BC) were also achieved through electrolytic coupling, which enhanced its adsorption and electron transport ability. Furthermore, the coupling of biochar and electrochemistry can also indirectly impact the bacterial community structure and promote the growth of functional bacteria, such as Paenarthrobacter, Arthrobacter, and Bacillus, thus promoting the biodegradation of ATZ. BC-EC-BRS has excellent ATZ removal performance under the synergistic action of adsorption, electrolysis, and microbial degradation, which confirms that BC-EC-BRS is an effective control measure for ATZ removal from stormwater runoff.

Influence of Electronic Configurations on the Modulation of Fermi/Orbital Junction Energies for Directional Electron Transport through 3d1, 3d3, and 3d5 Metallosurfactants

Two new metallosurfactants containing the 3d1 vanadyl(IV) and 3d3 chromium(III) ions bound to the phenylenediamine-bridged phenolate-rich ligand LN2O2 were designed, deposited as monolayer films on gold electrodes, and probed for directional electron transfer in Au|LB|Au junctions. Both [V═OIVLN2O2] (1) and [CrIII(LN2O2)(MeOH)(H2O)]Cl (2) promote current rectification. Through a concerted experimental and computational effort, we compare the behavior of 1 and 2 with that of our previously studied 3d5 [FeIII(LN2O2)Cl] (3). Based on the analysis of comprehensive electrochemical, spectroscopic, and microscopy results allied to DFT calculations, we propose distinct mechanisms by which electronic configurations influence the energy gap between the electrode Fermi levels and the different molecular orbitals responsible for electron transport. While the 3d5 species 3 shows electron transport through the metal-based SOMO located above the Fermi levels of the electrode, the 3d1 species 1 uses a metal-based SOMO below Fermi, and the 3d3 species 2 takes advantage of a ligand-based HOMO, which becomes available when a bias is applied.

Magnetic Force Microscopy for Diagnosis of Complex Superconducting Circuits

The possibility of controlling Josephson vortices and fluxon states has always been an attractive area of research that can influence the development of superconducting devices and quantum computing. Here we demonstrate the capability of magnetic force microscopy to detect and manipulate Josephson vortices (JVs) and fluxons below the critical current in complex superconducting systems on the example of a dc superconducting quantum interference device. The simultaneous magnetic force microscopy and transport investigation method make it possible to generate JVs by direct current in Josephson junctions and simultaneously analyze their dynamics under various external conditions. Our results show a dynamic process of transition of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$-phase singularities of JVs and fluxons from one to another. Finally, we demonstrated that the magnetic force microscopy method could distinguish the difference in critical currents between several Josephson junctions in complex superconducting circuits without the need of direct electron transport measurements.

Solid neutral red/Nafion conductive layer on carbon felt electrode enhances acetate production from CO2 and energy efficiency in microbial electrosynthesis system

Renewable electricity-based microbial electrosynthesis can upgrade CO2 into value-added chemicals and simultaneously increase the number of biocatalysts by cell growth, helping to achieve sustainable carbon-negative processes. In most studies, the main strategy for improving the MES performance was to enhance H2-based electron uptake by decreasing the overpotential and electrical conductivity of the electrode. Less is known about the electrode-based direct electron uptake for CO2 conversion in MES. In this study, a solid neutral red/Nafion conductive layer was developed on the carbon electrode surface using a feasible dip and dry method. The modified electrode showed higher HER overpotential and lower capacitance but enhanced redox capability and hydrophobicity, which increased direct electron transport to the bacteria rather than hydrogen-based indirect electron delivery. The Neutral red/Nafion-implemented MES showed faster start-up, higher acetate production, and energy efficiency than the non-modified electrode.

Direct Z-scheme WO3/In2S3 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic reduction Cr(VI)

The design of efficient and stable photocatalysts for the removal of heavy metals in the environment has become a research hotspot. Here, a composite photocatalyst with three-dimensional In 2 S 3 microspheres supported by WO 3 nanoparticles was synthesized for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) for the first time. The constructed composite catalyst has a direct Z-scheme electron transport mechanism without any precious metals (Au, Pt, and Ag), quantum dots (TiO 2 QDs) or carbon materials (Graphene) as electronic media. Constructing a direct Z-scheme WO 3 /In 2 S 3 photocatalyst can greatly retain the reduction and oxidation reaction sites on the surface of the heterojunction and accelerate the reduction reaction. Under visible light irradiation, it greatly promotes the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), which is 67.7 times and 3.6 times the reduction rates of WO 3 and In 2 S 3 , respectively. The favorable photocatalytic performance of WO 3 /In 2 S 3 should be attributed to the effective interfacial contact between the semiconductors in the Z-scheme system, thereby realizing effective electron transfer and charge separation. In addition, the stability of WO 3 /In 2 S 3 was studied, and a possible mechanism in the photoreduction process of Cr(VI) was proposed. • The 0D/3D WO 3 /In 2 S 3 were synthesized via a facile in-situ solvothermal method. • The close contact between WO 3 and In 2 S 3 realizes effective electron transfer and charge separation. • The Z-scheme electron transport system was developed between WO 3 and In 2 S 3 to enhance photoactivity. • The WO 3 /In 2 S 3 shows superior photocatalytic reduction towards Cr(VI) in 60 min.

High-Precision Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing Based on CNTs/CuO Nanocomposite

The measurement of blood glucose levels is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic approaches using electrochemical biosensors are used to measure serum or plasma glucose accurately. Current research aims to develop and improve noninvasive methods of detecting glucose in sweat that are accurate, sensitive, and stable. The carbon nanotube (CNT)-copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite (NC) improved direct electron transport to the electrode surface in this study. The complex precipitation method was used to make this NC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the crystal structure and morphology of the prepared catalyst. Using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, the electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst was evaluated. The electrocatalytic activity in artificial sweat solution was examined at various scan rates and at various glucose concentrations. The detection limit of the CNT-CuO NC catalyst was 3.90 µM, with a sensitivity of 15.3 mA cm−2 µM−1 in a linear range of 5–100 µM. Furthermore, this NC demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for various bio-compounds found in sweat, with no interfering cross-reactions from these species. The CNT-CuO NC, as produced, has good sensitivity, rapid reaction time (2 s), and stability, indicating its potential for glucose sensing.Graphical

Synchronous Defect and Interface Engineering of NiMoO4 Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Developing high-performance electrode materials is in high demand for the development of supercapacitors. Herein, defect and interface engineering has been simultaneously realized in NiMoO4 nanowire arrays (NWAs) using a simple sucrose coating followed by an annealing process. The resultant hierarchical oxygen-deficient NiMoO4@C NWAs (denoted as “NiMoO4−x@C”) are grown directly on conductive ferronickel foam substrates. This composite affords direct electrical contact with the substrates and directional electron transport, as well as short ionic diffusion pathways. Furthermore, the coating of the amorphous carbon shell and the introduction of oxygen vacancies effectively enhance the electrical conductivity of NiMoO4. In addition, the coated carbon layer improves the structural stability of the NiMoO4 in the whole charging and discharging process, significantly enhancing the cycling stability of the electrode. Consequently, the NiMoO4−x@C electrode delivers a high areal capacitance of 2.24 F cm−2 (1720 F g−1) at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and superior cycling stability of 84.5% retention after 6000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, an asymmetric super-capacitor device (ASC) has been constructed with NiMoO4−x@C as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The as-assembled ASC device shows excellent electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 51.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 203.95 W kg−1. Moreover, the NiMoO4//AC ASC device manifests remarkable cyclability with 84.5% of capacitance retention over 6000 cycles. The results demonstrate that the NiMoO4−x@C composite is a promising material for electrochemical energy storage. This work can give new insights on the design and development of novel functional electrode materials via defect and interface engineering through simple yet effective chemical routes.

Electron transport through a (terpyridine)ruthenium metallo-surfactant containing a redox-active aminocatechol derivative.

Aiming to develop a new class of metallosurfactants with unidirectional electron transfer properties, a (terpyridine) ruthenium complex containing a semiquinone derivative L2, namely [RuIII(Lterpy)(L2)Cl]PF6 (1), was synthesized and structurally characterized as a solid and in solution. The electronic and redox behaviour of 1 was studied experimentally as well as by means of DFT methods, and is indicative of significant orbital mixing and overlap between metal and ligands. The complex forms stable Pockels-Langmuir films at the air-water interface and allows for the formation of thin films onto gold electrodes to prepare nanoscale Au|LB 1|Au junctions for current-voltage (I/V) analysis. Complex 1 shows asymmetric electron transfer with a maximum rectification ratio of 32 based on tunnelling through MOs of the aminocatechol derivative.

Integrated co-axial electrospinning for a single-step production of 1D aligned bimetallic carbon fibers@AuNPs–PtNPs/NiNPs–PtNPs towards H2 detection

Aligned 1D heterojunction carbon nanofibers have been developed, which possess exceptional properties like high surface-to-volume ratio and excellent direct electron transport properties favouring their hydrogen sensing properties.

Potential mechanism of enhanced anaerobic degradation of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater by hazardous waste fly ash with high iron content: Direct interspecies electron transport pathway

Micron-grade high iron-containing fly ash (MHIFA)—a processed hazardous waste containing Fe3O4—was added to an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor to improve the removal performance of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand and total phenol removal efficiency with MHIFA were 72.13% and 81.83%, respectively. Moreover, MHIFA addition increased the contents of coenzyme F420 and extracellular polymeric substances, as well as higher electron transport system activity in activated sludge. Additionally, microbial community analysis revealed that the total methanogens contents increased at genera level, producing an increase in methane production, while enriched Geobacter along with archaea Methanothrix might collaborate in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) by MHIFA stimulation, promoting the effect of phenolic compound fermentation. Finally, this technology allows for resource utilization of hazardous waste and enhances anaerobic degradation of toxic and refractory pollutants.

K2Ti4O9 Nanoribbon Arrays Functionalized with Graphene Quantum Dots for Superior Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries offer a promising solution for large‐scale energy storage. However, development of suitable anode materials with long cycle life and high‐rate capability is a major challenge. Herein, we report K2Ti4O9 nanoribbon arrays as efficient anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries for the first‐time. The cross‐linked nanoribbon array configuration of K2Ti4O9 enables excellent structural stability and directional ion and electron transport pathways. More importantly, a surface functionalization with graphene quantum dots could significantly improve the electron and ion transport properties and electrochemical surface reactivity of the K2Ti4O9 nanoribbon arrays, thus achieving superior pseudocapacitive sodium storage. As a consequence, the graphene quantum dots functionalized K2Ti4O9 nanoribbon arrays deliver high reversible capacity of 156.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and remarkable rate capability of 62.8 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1, as well as excellent cyclability (approximately 95.9 % capacity retention efficiency over 5,000 continuous cycles at 2.0 A g−1). This work demonstrated the potential significance of surface functionalization strategy for boosting the pseudocapacitive sodium storage properties of titanium‐based anode materials.

Wood‐Inspired Binder Enabled Vertical 3D Printing of g‐C3N4/CNT Arrays for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract2D nanomaterials are very attractive for photoelectrochemical applications due to their ultra‐thin structure, excellent physicochemical properties of large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios, and the resulting abundant active sites and high charge transport capacity. However, the application of commonly used 2D nanomaterials with disordered‐stacking is always limited by high photoelectrode tortuosity, few surface‐active sites, and low mass transfer efficiency. Herein, inspired by wood structures, a vertical 3D printing strategy is developed to rapidly build vertically aligned and hierarchically porous graphitic carbon nitride/carbon nanotube (g‐C3N4/CNT) arrays by using lignin as a binder for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. Arising from the directional electron transport and multiple light scattering in the out‐of‐plane aligned and porous architecture, the resulting g‐C3N4/CNT arrays display an outstanding hydrogen evolution performance, with the hydrogen yield up to 4.36 µmol (cm−2 h−1) at a bias of −0.5 V versus RHE, 12.7 and 41.6 times higher than traditional thick g‐C3N4/CNT and g‐C3N4 films, respectively. Moreover, this 3D printed structure can overcome the agglomeration problem of the commonly used g‐C3N4 with powder configuration and shows desirable recyclability and stability. This facile and scalable vertical 3D printing strategy will open a new avenue to highly enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of 2D nanomaterials for sustainably production of clean energy.

Photoelectric Bacteria Enhance the In Situ Production of Tetrodotoxin for Antitumor Therapy.

Engineered bacteria are promising bioagents to synthesize antitumor drugs at tumor sites with the advantages of avoiding drug leakage and degradation during delivery. Here, we report an optically controlled material-assisted microbial system by biosynthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of Shewanella algae K3259 (S. algae) to obtain Bac@Au. Leveraging the dual directional electron transport mechanism of S. algae, the hybrid biosystem enhances in situ synthesis of antineoplastic tetrodotoxin (TTX) for a promising antitumor effect. Because of tumor hypoxia-targeting feature of facultative anaerobic S. algae, Bac@Au selectively target and colonize at tumor. Upon light irradiation, photoelectrons produced by AuNPs deposited on bacterial surface are transferred into bacterial cytoplasm and participate in accelerated cell metabolism to increase the production of TTX for antitumor therapy. The optically controlled material-assisted microbial system enhances the efficiency of bacterial drug synthesis in situ and provides an antitumor strategy that could broaden conventional therapy boundaries.