Pole Direction Research Articles

Study of a sample of faint M stars in the direction of the north galactic pole

Study of a sample of faint M stars in the direction of the north galactic pole

X-rays from a Galactic Wind

THERE is evidence1,2 that the low energy diffuse X-rays in excess of that predicted from an extrapolation of the isotropic power law spectrum observed at higher energies3–10 may not be of extragalactic origin. Silk11 has pointed out that this flux may originate in a hot galactic halo. Recent observations9 indicate an X-ray temperature in the direction of the galactic pole of 3-4.5 × 106 K. If this emission does originate in the halo, an electron density of approximately 0.003 cm-3 is required to produce the observed flux.

Mariner 9 Celestial Mechanics Experiment: Gravity Field and Pole Direction of Mars

Analysis of the Mariner 9 radio-tracking data shows that the Martian gravity field is rougher than that of Earth or the moon, and that the accepted direction of Mars's rotation axis is in error by about 0.5 degrees . The new value for the pole direction for the epoch 1971.9, referred to the mean equatorial system of 1950.0, is right ascension alpha= 317.3 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees , declination delta = 52.6 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees . The values found for the coefficients of the low-order harmonics of Mars's gravity field are as follows: J(2)=(1.96+/-0.01)x10(-3), referred to an equatorial radius of 3394 kilometers; C(22) = -(5 +/- 1) x 10(-5); and S(22) = (3 +/- 1) x 10(-5). The value for J(2) is in excellent agreement with the result from, Wilkins' analysis of the observations of Phobos. The other two coefficients imply a value of (2.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-4) for the fractional difference in the principal equatorial moments of inertia; the axis of the minimum moment passes near 105 degrees W.

Extended Source of Energetic Cosmic X Rays

Cosmic X-ray source near direction of north galactic pole, noting empirical results from balloon observations

Homorganicity in Malay/Indonesian in Expressives and Quasi Expressives

1. In this paper I am not primarily concerned with the exact degree of notionality or of interjectionality to be found in the Malay/Indonesian words brought under study. Virtually all the words encountered which reveal the inclinations discussed here tend toward the interjectional or expressive rather than toward the notional pole, yet they are by no means onomatopoeic in the narrowly soundimitative or sound-suggestive sense. They are expressives in which sound symbolism plays an undeniable part. As we move away from echoism pure and simple, however, we find greater freedom in the arrangement of the sounds and particularly of the consonants. (It is this relative lack of importance attached to a rigid sequence that I am concerned with in a second part of this study, to be published later.) In this respect Malay/Indonesian goes much farther than English or other Indo-European languages and is at the opposite pole from Semitic, where, in general, the order of the three radicals is firmly fixed. A brief look at three nonechoic English expressives will help prepare us for what follows. Higgledy-piggledy, topsy-turvy, and crisscross represent three different degrees of notionality in English. The first seems to bear no relation to higgle and probably none to pig, although the choice of h-g-l-d and p-g-l-d may reflect a subliminal hog and pig, the symbols of disorderliness and uncleanliness as well as of gluttony. The first part of the second word is obviously related to top, but only an etymologist would find anything in turvy of other than expressive significance. In crisscross we have gone still further in the direction of the notional pole. Cross is understood very literally as a design; and criss serves not only as a reinforcing conjoined element, but may also serve as a softened blasphemism for Christ or Christian. Note, too, the differing sound patterns: rhyme in the first with a differing initial consonant, identical initial and final phonemes in the second, and only differing vowels in the third.

Choroideremia and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina

The first part of this study concerns the still little known clinical picture of choroideremia, while the second part deals with the rare affection known as gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Both parts first present a review of the changes described by other authors and a discussion of the mode of inheritance of these hereditary eye diseases, followed by a report on a personal investigation of cases found in the Netherlands and a comparison of our findings with those of other authors. The nine pedigrees (including a large one combining four others) included 52 patients and 96 carriers; 45 patients and 61 carriers were examined by us. The first fundus changes seen in six patients, the youngest of whom was 1 1/2 years old, were fine granular pigment accumulations at the equator and periphery. They were localized deep in the retina at the level of the pigment epithelium. Not a trace of choroidal atrophy was seen in this initial stage. Subsequent stages showed fundus changes which are readily confused with those of other fundus affections such as gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina on the one hand, and atypical tapetoretinal degeneration with choroidal sclerosis on the other. The 45 patients included 28 myopes, 12 emmetropes and four hypermetropes; in one, refraction was not determined. Emmetropia was mainly seen in the incipient cases. In 11 of the 13 patients in whom refraction was followed up, progression of the myopia was seen during the period of observation. Dark adaptation, visual fields, ERG and EOG were found normal in the initial stage. Unmistakable pathological changes occurred in these values in subsequent stages. The carriers showed widely varied fundus pictures, ranging from mildly abnormal pigmentation to features closely resembling the changes which characterize the choroideremia patient. Three carriers from three different pedigrees showed both the subjective and objective features normally found in patients. In addition to night blindness, these women showed fundus changes resembling those seen in patients in an advanced stage, and pathological changes in dark adaptation, visual fields, ERG and EOG. On the other hand, one carrier (daughter of a patient) showed no fundus changes at all. An exceptional fundus picture with the aspects of a tapetum-like reflex as described by Mann, was observed in one woman. It is not known whether she is a carrier or not. In three pedigrees the choroideremia occurred in association with another X-chromosomal eye affection (protanopia in two pedigrees, and deuteranopia in one). In all three pedigrees, crossing-over could be assumed as highly probable. To explain, on the one hand the complete clinical picture of a patient seen in three carriers, and on the other hand the complete absence of changes in one carrier, alterations in the expressivity of the pathological gene or possibly of the allele are suggested. In view of the fact that no trace of choroidal atrophy was seen in the initial stage, it seems probable that the primary seat of the affection lies in the pigment epithelium (tapetum nigrum). Consequently we accept Waardenburg's suggestion to change the designation choroideremia into progressive tapetochoroidal degeneration. The five pedigrees included 13 patients, 11 of whom were examined. The chief complaints were found to result from myopia and night blindness occurring early in life. Objectively, the initial stage of the affection was characterized by the presence of sharply defined, garland-shaped, peripherally localized areas of choroidal and retinal atrophy; in the later stages these spread in the direction of the posterior pole, and often connect with an annular peripapillary atrophic field. Myopia was found in 11 cases; it showed progression in a relatively large percentage of these cases. The choroidal and retinal atrophy showed a more central localization in one hypermetropic patient. Our findings also confirmed the high rate of complicated cataract in gyrate atrophy; this type of cataract was found in six of our 13 patients. The autosomal recessive inheritance of gyrate atrophy was confirmed by our findings. The consanguinity found in three of the five families is another argument in favour of this. Association of gyrate atrophy with complicated heterochromia (Fuchs) was observed in one female patient. Alder's anomaly was not demonstrable in the six patients examined for this purpose. Special attention has been given to the concomitance of tapetoretinal degeneration and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, which a few authors have described, but which we were unable to confirm.

Irradiation growth rates of mechanically worked and alloyed uranium

A method for mathematically formulating sets of p-values into a single index descriptive of the irradiation growth rate to be expected of the material to which they refer is applied to mechanically worked and to alloyed uranium. For uranium rolled within controlled temperature ranges, the growth index decreases with increasing temperature of rolling for a given reduction in area. Rolling at room temperature builds up a single (010) texture rapidly with increasing reduction. The compression texture is centred around the [114], [113] and [112] pole directions. The growth index in the rolling direction increases with increasing deformation. Beta heat-treatment of rolled uranium followed by water quenching substantially reduces the growth index. The texture of extruded uranium varies along the length of the rod. This variation can be correlated with micro-structure. At the front of the rod, there is a duplex (010)(110) texture associated with warm extrusion. In the middle the texture is (130) to (131) which is more representative of a recrystallization texture. At high reductions and temperatures of extrusion, a predominantly (100) texture is developed which leads to a negative growth index. A single β-quenching operation reduces the texture in extruded uranium, particularly the [100] component. Subsequent β-quenching appears to regenerate the texture. The effect of small additions of molybdenum, chromium and aluminium on the hot-rolled textures is to increase the (010) tension texture and reduce the (110) texture. For the same rolling conditions, the alloys have higher growth rates than unalloyed uranium.

Variation of the stellar luminosity function with distance from the galactic plane

A summary of the data included in three high-latitude objective prism Schmidt surveys is given which leads to the derivation of the general stellar luminosity function. For distances from the galactic plane of less than 100 pc, it is in good agreement with that accepted as representative of the solar neighborhood. The variation of the luminosity function with height above the plane is presented up to a distance of 500 pc in the north galactic pole direction. The character of the luminosity function, both considering all stars together and those on the main sequence only, indicates that stars belonging to the halo population are in the majority at heights above 200 pc and that. at 400 pc, virtually all of the stars belong to this old population grou}). These results support similar conclusions deduced from stellar motions.

A search for faint blue stars. II. The Hyades and the south galactic polar region

view Abstract Citations (11) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A search for faint blue stars. II. The Hyades and the south galactic polar region Luyten, Willem J. Abstract . In a continuation search for faint blue stars a large number of such objects down to the eighteenth photographic magnitude have been found in the region of the Hyades cluster and in the general direction of the Galactic South Pole. Approximate magnitudes and color indices for these stars are given in the present paper. In addition to this more accurate magnitudes and colors are given for a number of the blue stars previously found in the region of the North Galactic Pole and the Praesepe cluster. Publication: The Astronomical Journal Pub Date: July 1954 DOI: 10.1086/107001 Bibcode: 1954AJ.....59..224L full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (3) Related Materials (4) Part 1: 1947ApJ...105...85H Part 3: 1956AJ.....61..261L Part 4: 1956AJ.....61..262L Part 5: 1956AJ.....61..264L

Magnetic Arrangement of Clouds

THERE is a curious arrangement of clouds which, though seen myself for the first time this year, may doubtless have been observed by others, though I have never seen it referred to anywhere. Light clouds of the cirrus formation apparently at great elevations range themselves round two poles—one about in the direction of the magnetic north pole, and the other in that of the south. The space between the two poles is filled more or less completely by wispy cirri. The exact point where the various threads or wisps should form themselves into a pole I have never been able to clearly see, owing to the dense stratum of vapour which even on the clearest day accumulates at the horizon. On Sunday, October 29, the arrangement above noticed was remarkably distinct in the afternoon.