Direction Of National Policy Research Articles

The evolving dynamics of Haredi Judaism in Israel: Ideological shifts and political influences

This article analysed the evolution of Haredi Judaism in Israel, highlighting its deep-rooted fundamentalist beliefs and its transformation from a marginalised group to a central force in Israeli society. As the fastest-growing demographic, the Haredi community exemplified the tension between fundamentalism and modernity. The study explored the defining characteristics, political ideologies and social influence of Haredi Judaism in Israel, detailing how it transitioned from insular religious enclaves to active participants in national politics. The article also examined the Haredi impact on Israeli-Palestinian relations, focusing on their influence on party politics, land disputes and Jerusalem-related issues.Contribution: The study enhanced the understanding of Haredi Judaism’s ideological evolution and political integration within Israeli society. It highlighted the Haredim’s influence in shaping Israel’s national identity and policy directions. Additionally, the research elucidated the significant impact of the Haredi community on Israeli-Palestinian relations.

Interactive Cycles between Energy Education and Energy Preferences: A Literature Review on Empirical Evidence

The ultimate goal of energy education is to cultivate citizens with energy literacy, which in turn influences the energy preferences of the general public. Various aspects, such as teaching, practice, publicity, and participation, all profoundly impact the formation of energy literacy. This study reviews the role of energy education in educational policy-making, the operation of educational systems, the design of innovative energy industry environments, and public participation. Through a systematic review, this study integrates empirical research across various contexts and environments. The relevant topics of empirical research include ‘energy education’, ‘energy literacy’, ‘energy preferences’, ‘energy education policy’, ‘operation of energy education systems’, ‘creation of a renewable energy industry environment’, and ‘public participation’. These studies indicate that energy education can enhance participants’ awareness of energy through knowledge transfer, enabling them to adopt more effective energy solutions and cultivate citizens with energy literacy. Energy education not only shapes the public’s energy literacy but also further influences energy preferences, which in turn can have profound effects on social interactions, market outcomes, and political and social systems. Finally, from the perspectives of ‘educational shaping’ and ‘cultural shaping’, the research explores the impact of energy education on the energy environment and people’s values. The findings reveal that society gradually forms a consensus on energy through long-term interactions, establishing a unique energy culture that subsequently influences the direction and implementation of national energy policies. There exist interactive cycles between energy education and energy policy: energy education influences public energy preferences, while energy culture, in turn, affects policy formulation.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mother and child health - the case of Ghana.

The lockdown measures in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to a wide range of unintended consequences for women and children. Until the outbreak of COVID-19, attention was on reducing maternal and infant mortality due to pregnancy and delivery complications. The aim of this study was to interrogate the impact of lockdown measures on women and children in two contrasting districts in Ghana - Krobo Odumase and Ayawaso West Wuogon. This study adopted the mixed-method approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative study relied on two data collection methods to explore the impacts of COVID-19 control measures on women and children in Ghana. These were: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs; n = 12) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs; n = 18). The study complemented the qualitative data with survey data - household surveys (n = 78) which were used to support the nutrition and school closure data; and policy data gathered from government websites consisting of government responses to COVID-19. The qualitative data was analysed using the thematic approach with codes generated apriori with the NVIVO software. The quantitative data used percentages and frequencies. Engagements with participants in the study revealed that the lockdown measures implemented in Ghana had consequences on child and maternal health, and the health care system as a whole. Our study revealed, for example, that there was a decrease in antenatal and postnatal attendance in hospitals. Childhood vaccinations also came to a halt. Obesity and malnutrition were found to be common among children depending on the location of our study participants (urban and rural areas respectively). Our study also revealed that TB, Malaria and HIV treatment seeking reduced due to the fear of going to health facilities since those ailments manifest similar symptoms as COVID 19. Government responded to COVID-19 using different strategies however the policy response resulted in both intended and unintended consequences especially for women and children in Ghana. It is recommended that national policy directions should ensure the continuous provision of child and maternal healthcare services which are essential health services during lockdowns.

Green Space Policy in Sustainable Development Perspective in Bandar Lampung City

Objective: This research aims to examine the Green Space policy in Bandar Lampung City from a sustainable development perspective. This study focuses on the direction of national policy which is changing from a sustainable development orientation towards investment and how city government policies support sustainable development. Theoretical Framework: This research is based on the theory of Public Policy, Sustainable Development, and the Concept of Green Space. These theories and concepts provide a basis for understanding the research context, including public policy models and sustainable development principles. Method : This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data used in normative juridical research is secondary data, including primary legal materials from statutory regulations and secondary legal materials such as books and scientific journals related to the object of study. The data analysis was carried out descriptively and qualitatively. Results and Discussion: The research results show that Green Space policy at the national level has shifted from a focus on sustainable development towards investment, which can reduce the effectiveness of fulfilling open spaces. In Bandar Lampung, existing local policies have not been able to support sustainable development efforts. This can be seen from the failure to fulfill the minimum threshold for the percentage of Green Space and policy inconsistencies that can be seen from changes in regional regulations to respond to investment but not in accordance with sustainable development goals. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this study show that there is a need for policy reformulation that is more balanced between investment and sustainability. This research provides insight for policy makers to consider the long-term impact of Green Space policies on the environment and community welfare. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature with an innovative approach to evaluating Green Space policies from a sustainable development perspective. Its potential impact on improving environmental policy in Indonesia shows its value and relevance.

Developing a Formal Induction Programme for Newly Appointed Departmental Heads to Manage the Transition Period: A Guideline for South African Public Schools

In South Africa, there is a general agreement among main stakeholders about the significance of teacher induction, and a well-defined policy objective by the government to commence a process of teacher induction. Lamentably the intent of the government is proceeding at a slow pace, and with no attention given to the induction of newly appointed Departmental Heads (DHs), let alone a formal induction programme to address their transition. The current article aimed to confer attention to the newly appointed DHs by developing a formal induction programme to manage the transition period and address their continuing professional development. Setting sights on contributing to a national policy direction that will prioritise the induction of newly appointed DHs. To achieve the goal, the semi-systematic review was assumed as a research methodology to synthesise, process and analyse evidence regarding the induction programmes of newly appointed DHs and was underpinned by Khumalo’s Deputy Principal Induction Model. The semi-systematic review revealed that generally there is little evidence of the presence of induction programmes in Sub-Saharan African countries. South Africa is not exempted. Newly appointed DHs complained about the challenge of being promoted without knowledge of their respective functions, and this could be attributed to the lack of proper induction. The lack of induction for middle leaders may aggravate what is at present a confronting responsibility and result in poor learner achievement. It is recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) reconsider and come up with a national induction programme that also includes other members of the School Management Team, namely, DHs and deputy principals. The article expands the static knowledge base on the induction of middle leaders. Keywords: Departmental Heads, Induction, Induction Programme, Public Schools, South Africa, Transition.

Bridging Policy and Practice: Insights into Civic Education Implementation in Kabwe District Secondary Schools

This study investigated the implementation strategies of Civic Education as a compulsory subject in the senior secondary schools within Kabwe District. Utilising both quantitative and qualitative methods anchored on the convergent parallel design, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the alignment between national policy directives and actual practices in schools through the strategies adopted by educators in the delivery of Civic Education. The findings reveal commendable adherence to national education policies, and disparities in local policy presence signal the need for comprehensive implementation strategies. Furthermore, the findings shed light on strategies schools adopted, including policy alignment, local policy development, and advocacy initiatives, emphasising the importance of fostering civic literacy and engagement beyond the classroom. Recommendations include enhancing policy alignment, strengthening local policy development, promoting advocacy and awareness, providing support and resources, fostering collaboration, and implementing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Remarkably, the findings offer novel and valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders involved in Civic Education implementation, emphasising the importance of bridging policy and practice to cultivate informed and engaged citizens, ultimately contributing to broader societal goals of democratic participation and development.

Regional variations in short stay urgent paediatric hospital admissions: a sequential mixed-methods approach exploring differences through data linkage and qualitative interviews

ObjectivesThe aim of this sequential mixed-methods study was to describe and understand how paediatric short stay admission (SSA) rates vary across Health Board regions of Scotland.DesignExploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Routinely...

Learning to live with reintroduced species: beaver management groups are an adaptive process

In anthropogenic landscapes, wildlife reintroductions are likely to result in interactions between people and reintroduced species. People living in the vicinity may have little familiarity with the reintroduced species or associated management, so will need to learn to live with the species in a new state of “Renewed Coexistence.” In England, Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are being reintroduced and U.K. Government agencies are currently considering their national approach to reintroduction and management. Early indications are this will include requirement for “Beaver Management Groups” (BMGs) to engage with local stakeholders. This policy paper reports on qualitative research that captured lessons from the governance of two existing BMGs in Devon (south‐west England), drawing on both a prior study and new interview data. Through the analysis, we identified that BMGs are not a fixed structure, but an adaptive process. This consists of three stages (Formation, Functioning, and Future?), influenced by resource availability and national policy direction. We argue that, where they are used, Species‐specific Management Groups could provide a “front line” for the integration of reintroduced species into modern landscapes, but their role or remit could be scaled back over time and integrated into existing structures or partnerships to reduce pressure on limited resources, as knowledge of reintroduced species (such as beaver) grows and its presence becomes “normalized.” There must be sufficient flexibility in forthcoming policy to minimize constraint on the adaptive nature of BMGs and similar groups for other reintroduced species, if they are to facilitate a sustainable coexistence.

Determinants of Corruption Crimes in Russia and Measures of Counteracting Them

The authors of the article stress that corruption and crimes of corruption are currently among the most serious threats to the state security of the Russian Federation. Corruption counteraction has become a key direction of national domestic policy. A considerable number of anti-corruption measures have been developed and implemented in the law enforcement practice. An organizational mechanism of fighting corruption has been built, and key anti-corruption institutes have been enshrined in law. A search for new possible means and effective ways of corruption counteraction is among the priority directions of Russian jurisprudence. The existence of corruption and corruption crimes is determined by a complex of causes characteristic of both crime in general, and this type of crime in particular. Specific factors include causes of socio-economic, political, legal, organizational-managerial and psychological (mental) nature. All these causes are of systemic complex character. The position of the authors is based on the thesis that corruption counteraction is a complicated and long process involving all public institutes. It is impossible to totally eliminate all determinants of corruption, but the minimization of the influence of certain causes and conditions contributing to the spread of corruption crimes in the Russian Federation is quite a feasible task. An important role in counteracting corruption is played by administrative and legal measures connected with the use of special anti-corruption forms and methods, including anti-corruption planning, anti-corruption prediction, corruption risk analysis, anti-corruption monitoring, anti-corruption expertise of legal acts and their drafts. Thus, corruption counteraction in the Russian Federation is carried out in a systemic and consistent way, while the analysis of the causes and conditions of corruption makes it possible to counteract crimes of corruption more effectively.

A Tale of two cities – A comparative study of land conveyance decisions upon national policies and their impacts on land transaction prices in Beijing and Shanghai

Although urban land leasing is supposedly a local government matter, local leaderships' proactive pursual of economic growth for their career advancements can sometimes be at odds with national policies. Yet, how land conveyance decisions are made in midst of the implementation of national policies and land financing has been a rather overlooked aspect in the studies of China's land market. Hence, this paper explores this issue through a study of land conveyance decisions in Beijing and Shanghai's residential and commercial land markets from 2007 to 2018, and their subsequent land price effects. Deploying endogenous treatment effect models, it is revealed that land conveyance decisions in Beijing were highly subject to national policies and the status of its City Party Secretary, but not in Shanghai. Also, the use of Guapai resulted in higher residential and commercial land prices in Shanghai, but lower prices for Beijing's commercial land parcels. The findings indicate that Beijing, due to its closer proximity to the Central Government, appears to have stringently followed the national policy directions, whereas land officials in Shanghai seem to have had a higher degree of autonomy in their decisions. Additionally, the contrasting price effect of Guapai on land prices for residential and commercial land parcels enabled Beijing's government to compensate for the latent losses in land revenue when leasing residential land parcels, due to Nation #10, by leasing commercial parcels at higher prices via tender.

우리나라 헬스리터러시 국가정책 방향

Objectives: To suggest the direction of national policy for health literacy in Korea, this study compared and analyzed the health literacy policies of EU countries, China, United States, and Korea. Methods: In order to compare the health literacy policies of major countries, data on (1) general health literacy levels, (2) health literacy goals, (3) beneficiaries, (4) initiator, and (5) financial resources were collected and analyzed. Results: Although the levels of health literacy and the stage of policy development showed considerable differences among countries, the concept of health literacy and the strategies related to it have been continuously improved. In Korea, national policy for health literacy is now its infancy. Accordingly, goals and strategies need to be systematically prepared. Conclusion: The level of health literacy in Korea was estimated and the direction of national policy for health literacy was suggested. In Korea, national health literacy policies should be established to reduce health and social disparities, change structural conditions, strengthen cooperation in various fields, and enable participatory decision-making.

The essence and task of the innovative policy of social direction in today's conditions

Issues of social policy are the most important direction of state regulation of the economy, aimed at ensuring the well-being and comprehensive development of its citizens and society in general. After all, the social sphere not only regulates the employment processes of the population, but also provides work for millions of people in the country. According to statistical data, such branches of the social complex as health care, education, trade, housing and communal services, and others provide jobs for up to 20% of the economically active population, and in economically developed countries, up to 70% of all workers are employed in the service sector. The issue gained special importance during the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Among the major tasks of the social policy of the state are: harmonization of social relations, coordination of interests and needs of individual population groups; creation of conditions for improving the material well-being of citizens; provision of social protection of all citizens and their basic socio-economic rights guaranteed by the state; ensuring rational employment of citizens in the war and post-war periods in Ukraine; development of branches of the social complex; ensuring the ecological stability of the country. The setting of the tasks consists in determining the basic principles of the development of social policy, as well as the development of national policy directions in the social sphere on an innovative basis. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of social policy on an innovative basis, taking into account the features of international experience. The main methods used during the research are analysis, statistical, comparison, regulatory and legal regulation. Results and discussion. The international experience of the peculiarities of the development of social policy in the countries of the European Union is summarized. The positive aspects of the development of the employed population are determined, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of innovations and the factors that restrain their development. An important development is the development of national policy directions in the social sphere on an innovative basis. The field of application of research results is socio-economic development.

Experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies in European countries

The article considers foreign experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is determined that the field of law enforcement is constantly in a state of dynamic transformation and improvement, which to some extent reflects the direction of national legislation and policies.
 It is also noted that according to modern requirements, maintaining the rule of law is one of the most important tasks of the state, so in organizing the work of law enforcement agencies, the implementation of international experience is one of the most important tasks of the rule of law. One of the current trends in the development of the legal system is its openness, which determines the possibility of using advanced foreign concepts to implement universally recognized international principles, norms and standards of human and civil rights and freedoms.It is emphasized that the following facts should be taken into account: historical traditions of legislation and law enforcement, features of socio-economic and cultural development of countries, general cultural and legal consciousness of the population, degree of interaction with government and civil society, features of national police, logistics. providing police and other important factors. International law enforcement standards have an important role to play in policing.It was found that abroad, as in Ukraine, law enforcement reform is part of administrative reform, and the direction of its implementation often depends on the overall objectives of public administration reform. The purpose of most reforms in foreign countries is to: increase the efficiency of national systems; transforming the country into a responsible employer capable of attracting a sufficient number of workers with the necessary qualifications, controlling the cost of their maintenance; increasing the confidence of the private sector and citizens in public institutions.Three models of internal security in European countries are considered: centralized or continental model (Norway, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg), decentralized model (Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Combino) (integrated) model (UK, Germany, Netherlands).

La governance del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza: questioni critiche e nuove prospettive

The paper examines the governance of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan in order to explore critical issues and new perspectives. The task of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, that will monitor the progress in the implementation of the Plan and will be the only point of contact with the European Commission, is crucial. The “Control Room” under the Prime Minister’s Office, that will ensure the intervention’s coherence with the overall strategy, performs a core function of coordination. The governance of the Plan envisages direct responsability of national administrations and local authorities for carrying out the reforms and investments. The paper aims to analyses the impact of the PNRR on the form of government, in particular on the determination of national policy direction and on the relationship between Parliament and Government. The powers of direction and coordination of the President of the Council are enhanced to the detriment of the function of the Council of Ministers of determination of the general policy. This centralised governance, based on the Prime Minister’s Office, should be tempered by adequate forms of parliamentary control and monitoring in order to increase the role of Parliament and to safeguard Government accountability. Besides, the PNRR affects the balance between technocratic and political component in the decision-making process at national and european level. The paper investigates on PNRR consequences on the form of state, in particular on the relationship between State and Regions, taking into account of the goal of reducing territorial asymmetries. A cooperative approach is necessary to foster the participation of regional and local autonomies in the implementation of the Plan. Furthermore, the papers intend to demonstrate that in the design of PNRR the strengthening of administrative capacity and the digitalization and interoperability are finalized to ensure the right to a good administration. In short, the PNRR is a driver of innovation for public institutions.

Arah Politik Hukum Nasional Terhadap Kesejahteraan Sosial Dalam Kerangka Konstitusi Ekonomi Di Indonesia

Economic constitution has become a new idea within the constitutional framework as the basic foundation for the development of the national and global economy. National economic policies in the context of realizing social welfare must be able to guard and control the national economic system. Apart from the legal politics policy and the government's power in determining the direction of national policy, the conception of the economic constitution as the basic foundation must be realized. This study intends to describe the politics of national law and the concept of economic constitution in realizing social welfare. This research method uses normative juridical research using an exploratory descriptive analytical approach. The characteristics of national legal politics in practice still influence the realization of national economic policies, even though it has implied the concept of an economic constitution in the 1945 constitution. Social welfare, which is the goal of the state, becomes a political tool for national law through a national economic system that cannot be separated from political power.

Nutrition Capacity Building to Meet National Priorities: Lessons Learned in Developing and Implementing Malawi's First Dietetics Program.

The current nutrition situation in Malawi, characterized by high rates of malnutrition in communities and hospitals and a rapidly increasing burden of overweight/obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases, highlights the urgent need for registered dietitians, who have a proven track record in the prevention and management of all forms of malnutrition and improving patient outcomes. However, dietetics practice has been described as underdeveloped and fragmented in many parts of Africa, exacerbated by a severe and chronic shortage of dietetics professionals and a lack of nutrition and dietetic education programs in most African countries.We share early lessons learned in the development and implementation of the first dietetics program in Malawi. Within 6 years, the program produced 10 graduate dietitians who have filled the first clinical dietitian posts in Malawian public hospitals. This early success can be attributed to the model used to develop and implement the program, which included early stakeholder engagement to define the priority skills and competencies of a Malawian dietitian, the use of internationally recognized training standards, and the development of strategic institutional partnerships that brought together complementary skills and expertise. Furthermore, using existing resources and recruiting students with a nutrition and health background accelerated implementation. The current dietetics curriculum responds to the national nutrition and health policy direction and strategic objectives. Early and sustained government engagement was crucial in creating demand and securing career prospects for graduates. Although still in its infancy, dietitians in Malawi are poised to contribute significantly to alleviating the country's complex nutrition challenges.

Climate change risk assessment for the Republic of Korea: developing a systematic assessment methodology

Climate change risks have become a major concern of climate change adaptation, and a systematic risk assessment is required as the first step as well as a key principle of national adaptation policy processes. Although many countries conducted risk assessments, a debate over a systematic assessment process continues, and results of the risk assessment provide limited information to making adaptation policies. Based on a case study of South Korea, this research aims to establish a national-level risk assessment process which includes systematic methodologies given the current limited time/resource and insufficient climate change information. A four-step risk assessment process is proposed: (1) collecting scientific evidence, (2) making list of preliminary risks, (3) making lists of risks and prioritising the risks, (4) categorising the risks. Enough scientific evidence and data about climate change risks of Korea were retained through first two steps, and three components of risk (hazard, exposure, vulnerability) are systematically involved by assessing the magnitude and adaptive capacity of risks. As results of the risks assessment, 93 national-level climate change risks of Korea are identified, and most high priorities in risks have high risk magnitude but low adaptive capacity. This research provided insights for direction of national adaptation policy of each sector by categorising the risks into four categories.

How the ‘Taming’ of Private Education in China is Impacting AI

Following the theme of this issue of On Education, this paper suggests that one of the most significant and recent examples of ‘taming’ educational technologies occurred in China this year, involving national policy directives aimed at regulating both technology companies and the private education sector. This ‘taming’, it will be argued below, has particular and significant implications for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) for education in China, principally due to the way in which this burgeoning field has developed in relation to private educational provision. The following sections will outline key government policies, and assess the extent to which state regulation is impacting the ways such technologies are designed and deployed in the Chinese education system.

Healthcare providers\u2019 perspectives on integrating NCDs into primary healthcare in Thailand: a mixed method study

BackgroundIn response to an increased health burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), primary health care (PHC) is effective platform to support NCDs prevention and control. This study aims to assess Thailand’s PHC capacity in providing NCDs services, identify enabling factors and challenges and provide policy recommendations for improvement.MethodsThis cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted between October 2019 and May 2020. Two provinces, one rich and one poor, were randomly selected and then a city and rural district from each province were randomly selected. From these 4 sites in the 2 provinces, all 56 PHC centres responded to a self-administrative questionnaire survey on their capacities and practices related to NCDs. A total of 79 participants from Provincial and District Health Offices, provincial and district hospitals, and PHC centres who are involved with NCDs participated in focus group discussions or in-depth interviews.ResultsStrong health infrastructure, competent staff (however not with increased workload), essential medicines and secured budget boost PHC capacity to address NCDs prevention, control, case management, referral and rehabilitation. Community engagement through village health volunteers improves NCDs awareness, supports enrolment in screening and raises adherence to interventions. Village health volunteers, the crucial link between the health system and the community, are key in supporting health promotion and NCDs prevention and control. Collaboration between provincial and district hospitals in providing resources and technical support enhance the capacity of PHC centres to provide NCDs services. However, inconsistent national policy directions and uncertainty related to key performance indicators hamper progress in NCDs management at the operational level. The dynamic of urbanization and socialization, especially living in obesogenic environments, is one of the greatest challenges for dealing with NCDs.ConclusionPHC centres play a vital role in NCDs prevention and control. Adequate human and financial resources and policy guidance are required to improve PHC performance in managing NCDs. Implementing best buy measures at national level provides synergies for NCDS control at PHC level.

Knowledge, perceptions and practices of pharmacists regarding generic substitution in China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo evaluate pharmacists’ knowledge, perceptions and practices towards generic substitution in the 11 pilot locations in China.DesignAn online cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted. A convenience sampling technique was implemented...