Nowadays we have a need not only for means of existence but also means of a better existence. Medicine is one such tool, hence the requirements of it are constantly increasing. Modern medicine, as an integrative science, needs comprehensive knowledge of the human being, based on the philosophical science as well as on the accumulated empirical knowledge in the medical field, because no discipline individually is able to answer the questions of the meaning of human existence. Therefore, for the most precise knowing of human beings, wide knowledge is necessary, consisting of philosophical and medical notions about the processes that take place in the human organism, aided by philosophical anthropology. Anthropology serves as the foundation of all sciences concerning human knowledge, origin and culture - medicine, ontology, history, archeology, ethnology, etc. In order to understand the main aspects of a specific science and, particularly philosophical anthropology and its relation to medicine, it is necessary to clarify the notion of philosophical anthropology. The multifaceted nature of the question of the essence of man and his attitude to the world around him finds expression in the formation of philosophical anthropology as the main direction in philosophy. In the history of human thought, the term "philosophical anthropology" is used with double meaning. On one hand, anthropology comprises ancient and modern philosophical views of man, which, although not developed as a self-study, contain a certain understanding of the nature of man as an individual and person. on the other hand, this concept is entirely determined by the emphasis on man as a subject of philosophical reflection. The different aspects and diversity of human existence require an objective research and an authoritative answer to the question of the meaning of human life and place of human beings. In a certain sense, all fundamental problems of philosophy can be reduced to the question, what is the essence of man and his place in being and the world. Based on the unique human nature, different philosophical schools and directions attempt to respond to the fundamental question of the meaning of life. The affirmation of contemporary philosophical anthropology as an independent science in the 20s of the twentieth century is largely due to the german philosopher Max Scheler (1874-1928) and his fundamental work "The Human Place in the Cosmos". Significant contributions to the development of anthropology have also Kant, Plesner, Gellen, Pascal, Ortega and Gasset, Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Jaspers, William James, Erich Rothacker, as well as the anthropological ideas and views in the theories of the different directions in medicine, psychology, sociology, biology, ecology etc.