Direct Reflection Research Articles

Prior-guided restoration of intense local specular highlight in fringe projection profilometry images

This paper presents a novel prior-guided restoration method, to our knowledge, aimed at removing and recovering intense local specular highlight in fringe projection profilometry (FPP) images of specular objects. Local reflections, caused by the direct reflection of the projector on smooth surfaces, often saturate pixel intensities, posing a significant obstacle to 3D shape reconstruction. The proposed method combines sinusoidal fringe projection principles with improved fitting techniques. By analyzing fringe patterns in non-highlight regions, the constant and amplitude parameters of the fringes are determined by non-highlight regions. For the critical initial phase parameter, the continuity of highlight regions and the fixed relative geometry between the projector and object are leveraged, which enables an iterative calculation strategy that progressively estimates fringe intensity within specular regions. The results show a seamless integration of the restored fringe data with the original non-highlight information, ensuring global consistency and continuity. 3D measurement experiments demonstrate effective restoration of morphological distortions and filling of point cloud holes.

A Methodological Approach to the Study of Retroreflective Pavements

Climate change, principally driven by human activities, has led to an increase in global temperature, which is predicted to continue rising in the coming years. This temperature increase is even more pronounced in urban areas due to the heat island effect. This phenomenon is highly influenced by the presence of paved streets made with bituminous mixtures, which are characterised by their high solar radiation absorption capacity. Bituminous mixtures retain and re-emit a large amount of heat that intensifies the urban heat island effect. The novelty of this work is to measure retroreflective properties of bituminous mixtures that present a highly textured surface. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the retroreflectance of different bituminous mixtures for use as pavement surfaces, focusing on the influence of colour and different types of aggregates. For this, total and directional reflectance measurements were conducted to determine the retroreflectance of these mixtures, with the purpose of mitigating the heat island effect in urban environments without affecting users through reflected solar radiation. The results show the retroreflective capacity of the designed mixtures within the visible spectrum, especially those manufactured with light-coloured aggregates and synthetic binders pigmented with titanium dioxide. Thus, the retroreflectance of the lighter mixtures range from 37.9% at a 0° entrance angle to 68.9% at 60°, while the black mixtures exhibit values between 5.1% and 8.4%.

РАЗВИТИЕ РУССКОГО ЛЕТОПИСАНИЯ

Old Russian literature reveals a complete dissimilarity with the literature of the modern time: it is characterized by other, special genres (Old Russian literature did not know the novel and drama, poetry appears only at the end of the 17th century), and the method of representation of life, belletristic expression of man. The “Tale of Bygone Years” is the basis of all Old Russian chronicle writing. The chronicle story is first of all documentary: with few exceptions, there is nothing fictitious, composed, “literary” in it. It is a direct reflection of reality. It is a story in the literal sense of the word, usually compiled on the fresh traces of the event by an eyewitness, or from the words of an eyewitness.

Morpho butterfly flashiness crucially depends on wing scale curvature.

Morpho butterflies are widely known for their brilliant blue and flashy colours, which are produced by intricate wing scale structures. Not all species display a vibrant structural coloration; some are whitish or even brown. This suggests that there is considerable interspecific variation in wing scale anatomy, pigmentation and flashiness. As evidenced by numerous studies, the optical mechanism that creates the bright structural colours resides in the multilayered ridges of the wing scales, but the interspecific variation in flashiness has so far received little attention. Here, we investigate the wing components that influence the directional wing reflectivity. We therefore selected three species that greatly vary in colour and flashy appearance, Morpho sulkowskyi, M. helenor and M. anaxibia. Applying morphological analyses, (micro-)spectrophotometry and imaging scatterometry on wing pieces and individual wing scales, we demonstrate that wings with flat scales produce highly directional reflections, whereas wings stacked with curved scales scatter light into a wider angular space, resulting in a spatially more diffuse appearance. We thus find that the curvature of the wing scales crucially determines the directionality of Morpho's visual display. We discuss how the visual ecology of Morpho butterflies and environmental conditions can drive the evolution of flashy visual displays.

Not Just They/Them: Exploring Diversity and Meaning in Pronoun Use among Non-Binary Individuals

ABSTRACT Gender-neutral pronouns, such as they/them, have been studied as a site of identity affirmation and, at other times, contestation for non-binary individuals. In this study, we draw from interviews with 123 non-binary individuals to better understand the role of pronouns in these individuals’ lives. We find that pronoun practices are ontoformative—they actively (re)construct the meanings attached to gender and gender identities. Yet, not all non-binary individuals use similar pronoun practices, resulting in diverse ontologies of non-binary identity. Half of our respondents consistently used non-binary pronouns, such as they/them, and felt they were a stable and direct reflection of identity—an approach we refer to as a fixed expression. These individuals define non-binary gender as independent from the woman/man binary. The other half of our sample held flexible pronoun expressions—they used multiple pronouns and anticipated future changes. Some of these individuals rejected the idea that pronouns expressed their identity, offering a definition of non-binary that eschewed categorical distinctions. Others embrace pronouns as identity expressing and forming, but felt that multiplicity best reflected their identity, offering a definition of non-binary as category-spanning. Our findings highlight the central and diverse role of pronouns in the social construction of non-binary ontology.

The intra-tumoral microbiome as a potential biomarker of response to external beam radiation therapy in cervical cancer

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the potential predictive value of the intra-tumoral microbiome as a marker of the response to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in cervical cancer (CC).MethodsA prospective longitudinal trial of 36 CC patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy was designed to investigate microbial characteristic signatures and diversity (alpha and beta) of multiple sites (tumor, vaginal, gut, urethral, and oral) in the superior response (SR) and inferior response (IR) groups of CC patients by 16S rRNA sequencing. Utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression method to analyze clinicopathological factors that potentially influenced the efficacy of EBRT. LEfSe analysis highlighted the microbiome features that best distinguished the categorized patient samples. Selected parameters were validated with Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.ResultsFirstly, in our cohort, LASSO logistic regression analysis revealed no association between clinicopathological factors and EBRT efficacy. Subsequently, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing to compare microbiome differences across multiple sites and their correlations with major clinicopathological factors. We discovered that the intra-tumoral microbiome was independent of clinicopathologic features and represented the most direct and reliable reflection of the microbial differences between the SR and IR groups. We found lower alpha diversity in the tumor microbiome of SR group and identified the most relevant microbiome taxa (Bifidobacteriaceae, Beijerinckiaceae, and Orbaceae) associated with the efficacy of the response to EBRT in CC patients. We then conducted ROC analysis, finding that specific microbial taxa had an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI, 0.667–0.995), indicating the potential of these taxa as biomarkers for predicting EBRT efficacy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a better prognosis for patients with lower alpha diversity and higher relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae.ConclusionsOur data suggested that intra-tumoral specific microbiome taxa and lower alpha diversity may play an important role in the CC patient sensitivity to EBRT and offer novel potential biomarkers for predicting the response to EBRT efficacy.

Resilience‐oriented load restoration method for power‐gas‐water systems considering public safety impact

AbstractFocusing solely on enhancing the resilience of power systems at a systemic level would lead to a significant underestimation of the actual impact of extreme disasters. Equally vital is the assurance of livelihood security amidst such extreme conditions, which is crucial for the development of a truly resilient power system. Hence, this paper attempts to incorporate quantifiable metrics assessing public safety impacts into resilience enhancement works, thereby guiding the precise allocation of funds. Considering that the residents' intuitive feelings are the most direct reflection of the severity of the disaster, this paper employs the modified prospect theory to formulate functions representing residents' psychological risk perception and risk‐taking willingness to tolerate risks during disruptions in power, gas, and water supplies. Meanwhile, in order to accurately calculate the energy loss duration for each residential customer, a resilience enhancement method for post‐disaster collaborative dispatch of electricity‐gas‐water systems is proposed. With the objective of minimizing the public safety and economic impact of disasters, the optimal multi‐source collaborative emergency restoration strategy is developed. The significant necessity and efficiency of the proposed strategy are verified with exhaustive case studies. Numerical results evince the resilience enhancement by considering the livelihood security in the post‐disaster restoration stage.

Application of Bayesian Causal Inference in the Study of the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Aboveground Biomass of Subtropical Forest in Eastern China

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is crucial for understanding the structure and processes of subtropical forest ecosystems. However, the extent to which biodiversity influences subtropical forest biomass remains unclear. This study applies Bayesian causal inference to explore causal relationships between forest Aboveground Biomass (AGB) and its potential driving factors (biodiversity factors, biotic factors and abiotic factors) based on Huangshan Forest Dynamics Plots. Furthermore, hypothetical interventions are introduced to these driving factors within the causal network to estimate their potential impact on AGB. The causal relationship network reveals that species diversity and functional diversity are the most direct factors influencing AGB, whereas phylogenetic diversity exerts only an indirect effect. Biotic and abiotic factors also contribute indirect effects on AGB, potentially by influencing other mediating indexes. Intervention analysis shows that with low-level interventions on direct influencing factors, the probability of low AGB is as high as 84%. As the intervention level increases to high, the probability of low AGB decreases by 36%. Moreover, AGB demonstrates a particularly sensitive response to changes in Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ) intervention levels, more so than to other factors, highlighting its critical role in maintaining forest biomass. Therefore, we contend that functional diversity, due to its direct reflection of species’ roles in ecosystem processes, is a more accurate measure of the impact of biodiversity on biomass compared to species or phylogenetic diversity and the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors and biodiversity should not be overlooked. This approach offers a powerful tool for exploring causal relationships, thereby providing a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and forest ecosystem function.

The Phenomenon of Psychological Warfare in the Era of the Sun King

The article examines the main aspects of the design of the psychofield (psychological landscape) of the French monarchy in the Early Modern era in the context of the formation of absolutism (as a geopolitical doctrine) in the context of the «military revolution» in Europe. The author examines the transformations of mass consciousness within the framework of the phenomenon of the «mental revolution», which determined the emergence of new forms of legitimization of social ties in the context of the formation of innovative systems of constructing loyalties that replace, absorb or conflict with alternative identities within the framework of a new state-building, in an imperial situation. The author touches upon the problem of the formation of a new «psychoparadigma», which determines the course of a number of social and political processes that determined the formation of court society as an element of the state mechanism. A direct reflection of this process was a complex of political, psychological and socio-cultural transformations, which, following N. Henschel, we interpret as the «myth of absolutism», which gave rise to a whole complex of innovations in the development of mass consciousness, which was most manifested, first of all, in the development of military affairs. A direct reflection of this phenomenon was, among other things, the active use of the practice of «psychological warfare» in the campaigns of the «Sun King», which is associated with a rethinking of the degat principle characteristic of the Middle Ages – waging a devastating war.

Influence of Vegetation Phenology on the Temporal Effect of Crop Fractional Vegetation Cover Derived from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function–Adjusted Reflectance

Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) products are being increasingly used for the quantitative remote sensing of vegetation. However, the assumption underlying the MODIS NBAR product’s inversion model—that surface anisotropy remains unchanged over the 16-day retrieval period—may be unreliable, especially since the canopy structure of vegetation undergoes stark changes at the start of season (SOS) and the end of season (EOS). Therefore, to investigate the MODIS NBAR product’s temporal effect on the quantitative remote sensing of crops at different stages of the growing seasons, this study selected typical phenological parameters, namely SOS, EOS, and the intervening stable growth of season (SGOS). The PROBA-V bioGEOphysical product Version 3 (GEOV3) Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) served as verification data, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to compare and analyze the retrieval accuracy of FVC derived from the MODIS NBAR product and MODIS Surface Reflectance product. The Anisotropic Flat Index (AFX) was further employed to explore the influence of vegetation type and mixed pixel distribution characteristics on the BRDF shape under different stages of the growing seasons and different FVC; that was then combined with an NDVI spatial distribution map to assess the feasibility of using the reflectance of other characteristic directions besides NBAR for FVC correction. The results revealed the following: (1) Generally, at the SOSs and EOSs, the differences in PCCs before vs. after the NBAR correction mainly ranged from 0 to 0.1. This implies that the accuracy of FVC derived from MODIS NBAR is lower than that derived from MODIS Surface Reflectance. Conversely, during the SGOSs, the differences in PCCs before vs. after the NBAR correction ranged between –0.2 and 0, suggesting the accuracy of FVC derived from MODIS NBAR surpasses that derived from MODIS Surface Reflectance. (2) As vegetation phenology shifts, the ensuing differences in NDVI patterning and AFX can offer auxiliary information for enhanced vegetation classification and interpretation of mixed pixel distribution characteristics, which, when combined with NDVI at characteristic directional reflectance, could enable the accurate retrieval of FVC. Our results provide data support for the BRDF correction timescale effect of various stages of the growing seasons, highlighting the potential importance of considering how they differentially influence the temporal effect of NBAR corrections prior to monitoring vegetation when using the MODIS NBAR product.

Multifunctional Intelligent Reconfigurable Metasurface.

The emergent reconfigurable metasurfaces (RMs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential in broad applications. As a general platform, RMs are able to control the reflection (or refraction) of incident waves with predefined functionalities. Nevertheless, the operation of RMs is highly dependent on the arrival direction of incidence. The self-adaptive design of an RM, so that it can respond to varied incident waves automatically, is highly requested in practical implementation, which is actually challenging. This study reports the realization of an intelligent RM (IRM) system, which can detect the arrival direction of impinging waves and respond to the incidence with a predefined functionality accordingly. This IRM system is constructed by integrating a direction of the arrival estimation module, a frontend by the varactor-based metasurface, and a central control unit. In experiments, an IRM system designed for TM polarization is demonstrated to perform various functions, i.e., retroreflection, directional reflection, and fixed-point energy focusing, which are highly requested by edge communication and sensing. The measured results imply that this IRM system responds quite well within a wide incident range from -60° to 60° in a frequency range from 9 to 9.5 GHz. The proposed IRM can be a good candidate for boosting 5G communication and Internet of Things applications, including beam shaping/steering, RCS manipulation, object imaging, and sensor recharging.

The Densities in Diffuse and Translucent Molecular Clouds: Estimates from Observations of C2 and from Three-dimensional Extinction Maps

Newly computed collisional rate coefficients for the excitation of C2 in collisions with H2, presented recently by Najar & Kalugina, are significantly larger than the values adopted previously in models for the excitation of the C2 molecule, a widely used probe of the interstellar gas density. With these new rate coefficients, we have modeled the C2 rotational distributions inferred from visible and ultraviolet absorption observations of electronic transitions of C2 toward a collection of 46 nearby background sources. The inferred gas densities in the foreground interstellar clouds responsible for the observed C2 absorption are a factor 4–7 smaller than those inferred previously, a direct reflection of the larger collisional rate coefficients computed by Najar & Kalugina. These lower-density estimates are generally in good agreement with the peak densities inferred from 3D extinction maps for the relevant sight lines. In cases where H3+ absorption has also been observed and used to estimate the cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR), our estimates of the latter will also decrease accordingly because the H3+ abundance is a function of the ratio of the CRIR to the gas density.

In-line process monitoring in laser welding and powder bed fusion of metals using directional reflection measurements

In-line process monitoring in laser welding and powder bed fusion of metals using directional reflection measurements

The Way the U.S. Balances Ideology and National Interest in Foreign Policy from the Perspective of Encouraging and Restricting Foreign Investment

In recent years, the US has imposed a series of initiatives such as high tariffs on China and even its Western allies, etc. Especially in 2018, the US introduced the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act, which further strengthened the security review of foreign investment, resulting in non-US companies with advantages being restricted from investing in the US. This paper argues that whether the US encourages or restricts local investment by companies from different countries is still a direct reflection of its foreign policy towards different countries, which has always oscillated between idealism and realism. Whether or not to pursue the ideological attitude of foreign investment, mainly depends on its security and economic goals, values of the goal of maximizing the interests of the integrated consideration, and its pursuit of strategic interests is above the pursuit of ideological goals. This paper will cite decades of U.S. treatment of investment enterprises in different countries, as well as whether the technological level of different enterprises let the U.S. feel the pressure of specific cases to analyze how the U.S. balance of ideology and national interests. Therefore, the consistency and conflict between foreign investment and U.S. national interests determine the realist position of the U.S. in the security review of foreign investment, i.e., to maximize U.S. national interests by seeking to obtain a balance between national interests and the transmission of ideology in the review.

Electroconvulsive therapy modulates loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials: a pilot MEG study.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a critical intervention for treatment-resistant depression (MDD), yet its neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood. This pilot study aims to investigate changes in loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), a proposed biomarker of serotonergic activity, in patients undergoing ECT. High-resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG) was utilized to measure LDAEP in nine depressed patients receiving right unilateral ECT. We hypothesized that ECT would reduce the LDAEP slope, reflecting enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Depression severity and cognitive performance were assessed using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS24) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, findings indicated a significant increase in LDAEP post-ECT (t 8 = 3.17, p = .013). The increase in LDAEP was not associated with changes in depression severity or cognitive performance. The observed increase in LDAEP suggests a more complex interaction between ECT and neurobiological systems, rather than a direct reflection of serotonergic neurotransmission. Potential mechanisms for this increase include ECT's impact on serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptor activity, neuroplasticity involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inflammatory modulators such as TNF-α. Our results highlight the multifaceted effects of ECT on brain function, necessitating further research to elucidate these interactions.

Centrifugation is an effective and inexpensive way to determine Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis quantity in water samples with low turbidity

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic chytrid fungus that is particularly lethal for amphibians. Bd can extirpate amphibian populations within a few weeks and remain in water in the absence of amphibian hosts. Most efforts to determine Bd presence and quantity in the field have focused on sampling hosts, but these data do not give us a direct reflection of the amount of Bd in the water, which are useful for parameterizing disease models, and are not effective when hosts are absent or difficult to sample. Current methods for screening Bd presence and quantity in water are time, resource, and money intensive. Here, we developed a streamlined method for detecting Bd in water with low turbidity (e.g., water samples from laboratory experiments and relatively clear pond water from a natural lentic system). We centrifuged water samples with known amounts of Bd to form a pellet and extracted the DNA from that pellet. This method was highly effective and the resulting concentrations across all tested treatments presented a highly linear relationship with the expected values. While the experimentally derived values were lower than the inoculation doses, the values were highly correlated and a conversion factor allows us to extrapolate the actual Bd concentration. This centrifuge-based method is effective, repeatable, and would greatly expand the domain of tractable questions to be explored in the field of Bd ecology. Importantly, this method increases equity in the field, because it is time- and cost-efficient and requires few resources.

Range-Doppler image classification for interference detection in over-the-horizon radar

Sky-wave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR), as a useful tool for beyond-line-of-sight target detection, is inevitably affected by radio frequency interference (RFI) and transient interference (TSI). Conventional interference detection is usually based on radar signal processing. This paper proposes to detect the interference by classifying the range-Doppler (RD) image into three categories, i.e. RFI, TSI, and NoI (No Interference), according to the texture differences. Unlike the conventional way, RD image classification has direct reflection of the interference's influence on target detection. To design the RD image classifier, we develop signal models to construct the simulated database, use real data to construct the real database, and employ various classification theories, e.g. deep learning, traditional machine learning, feature fusion, and ensemble learning. Experimental results show that the RD image classifier is an effective and promising tool for interference detection. Strong interference can be accurately detected, while weak interference needs more study in the future.

Custom-made spherical fluorescent tracer particles for laser Velocimetry Laboratory Experiments

This article introduces a method for creating custom-made spherical fluorescent particles tailored for fluid mechanics optical velocimetry laboratory measurements techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurement techniques. The incorporation of the fluorescent dye Rhodamine B into the particle bulk significantly reduces direct light reflections and enhances particle detection when enlightened by a laser and using a band-pass filter on the optical measurement device. Furthermore, the study offers a clear guide for adjusting particle diameter by modifying various parameters such as the stirrer used, its stirring speed, the surfactant concentration, and the type of polymer. This allows for the customization of particles best suited for water multiphase flow characterization and transport studies. The resulting particles exhibit excellent sphericity, making them suitable for a wide range of fluid mechanics investigations, from small to large scale. Experimental validations, including size measurements, density assessments, emission spectra analyses, and applicability in a confined flow affirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by exhibiting a signal-to-noise ratio four to five times higher than fluorescent surface-stained and non-fluorescent particles.

Directional Applicability Analysis of Albedo Retrieval Using Prior BRDF Knowledge

Surface albedo measures the proportion of incoming solar radiation reflected by the Earth’s surface. Accurate albedo retrieval from remote sensing data usually requires sufficient multi-angular observations to account for the surface reflectance anisotropy. However, most middle and high-resolution remote sensing satellites lack the capability to acquire sufficient multi-angular observations. Existing algorithms for retrieving surface albedo from single-direction reflectance typically rely on land cover types and vegetation indices to extract the corresponding prior knowledge of surface anisotropic reflectance from coarse-resolution Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) products. This study introduces an algorithm for retrieving albedo from directional reflectance based on a 3 × 3 BRDF archetype database established using the 2015 global time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) BRDF product. For different directions, BRDF archetypes are applied to the simulated MODIS directional reflectance to retrieve albedo. By comparing the retrieved albedos with the MODIS albedo, the BRDF archetype that yields the smallest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is selected as the prior BRDF for the direction. A lookup table (LUT) that contains the optimal BRDF archetypes for albedo retrieval under various observational geometries is established. The impact of the number of BRDF archetypes on the accuracy of albedo is analyzed according to the 2020 MODIS BRDF. The LUT is applied to the MODIS BRDF within specific BRDF archetype classes to validate its applicability under different anisotropic reflectance characteristics. The applicability of the LUT across different data types is further evaluated using simulated reflectance or real multi-angular measurements. The results indicate that (1) for any direction, a specific BRDF archetype can retrieve a high-accuracy albedo from directional reflectance. The optimal BRDF archetype varies with the observation direction. (2) Compared to the prior BRDF knowledge obtained through averaging method, the BRDF archetype LUT based on the 3 × 3 BRDF archetype database can more accurately retrieve the surface albedo. (3) The BRDF archetype LUT effectively eliminates the influence of surface anisotropic reflectance characteristics in albedo retrieval across different scales and types of data.

Pelatihan Eksplorasi Mocktail Dengan Sentuhan Rempah Nusantara Bagi Kampung Adat Cireundeu Bandung

Cireundeu Traditional Village is in Leuwigajah Village, South Cimahi District and has a population of 800 people. Most of the people in the Cireundeu Traditional Village work as cassava farmers and adhere to the Sundanese Wiwitan belief. The traditional potential must be supported by development, especially in the field of providing food and drinks that utilize village potential. Spices are a strong potential of the Cirendeu Traditional Village, they can come from various parts of plants, such as flowers, fruit, bark, stems, tubers, leaves and rhizomes. Spices can not only be used as seasonings for cooking, but can also provide taste, aroma and health benefits to various drinks. The Faculty of Economics and Business, Bina Sarana Informatics University Hospitality Study Program will hold community service with the theme "Mocktail exploration training with a touch of Indonesian spices for the Cirendeu Bandung Traditional Village". The community service partners are the Cirendeu Bandung Traditional Village community. This training activity is a solution for the potential of the Cirendeu Traditional Village. Counseling is carried out in 4 stages, namely; Preparation Stage, Implementation Stage, Monitoring and Evaluation Stage. Community service activities run smoothly and there are no obstacles. Several participants provided suggestions regarding implementation time, but considering the participants' enthusiasm for the community service material this time, some felt that the time was still not enough. The participants were very enthusiastic about taking part in the training and showed that they were very interested in making mocktail drinks with a touch of spices. The process of direct practice and reflection carried out by the instructors has helped them understand the correct steps for making mocktail drinks. This training also offers new business opportunities for participants who want to develop mocktail drinks with the added value of spices.