Direct Observation Measures Research Articles

Evaluation of the Performance of Automatic Temperature Control Technology in a Closed House Broiler Chicken Production System

Abstract This study evaluates the performance of automatic temperature control technologies in a closed-house system for broiler chicken production. Four key technologies were assessed: CTI 80, CTI Alpha, Punos, and Temptron, based on three main parameters: chicken mortality rate, growth (average final body weight), and production efficiency (Feed Conversion Ratio/FCR). Data were collected through direct observation, daily records, and final measurements on farms with a minimum population of 80,000 chickens per house. The statistical analysis revealed that CTI Alpha demonstrated the best performance with the lowest mortality rate (255 chickens) and high stability in temperature control. CTI 80 ranked second with performance close to CTI Alpha, followed by Punos. In contrast, Temptron exhibited the lowest performance with the highest mortality rate (595 chickens) and high data variability. The One-Way ANOVA test showed significant differences among the tested technologies (p < 0.05), while the Post Hoc Games-Howell analysis confirmed that CTI Alpha, CTI 80, and Punos performed significantly better than Temptron. This study recommends that farmers adopt CTI Alpha or CTI 80 technologies to optimize broiler chicken production. These technologies not only enhance productivity by reducing mortality rates but also support industry sustainability through resource efficiency and adaptability to climate change. This study provides valuable insights for farmers in selecting appropriate technologies tailored to their specific needs and contributes to the broader understanding of effective temperature control systems in broiler chicken farming.

PENERAPAN SENAM HIPERTENSI SEBAGAI INTERVENSI NON-FARMAKOLOGIS PADA LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS ARJUNO KOTA MALANG

Hypertension in the elderly poses significant health challenges, so effective non-pharmacological interventions are needed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension gymnastics as a non-pharmacological intervention for elderly patients at the Arjuno Health Center, Malang City. The research method used was a qualitative case study, which involved two elderly subjects with hypertension over a period of two weeks. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and blood pressure measurements before and after the gymnastics intervention. This hypertension gymnastics program includes light to moderate aerobic exercise and flexibility training. The results showed a consistent decrease in blood pressure in both participants, with an average decrease in systolic pressure of 10-15 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 5-10 mmHg over the study period. In addition, participants showed increased knowledge about hypertension management and motivation to engage in physical activity. Subjective symptoms such as headaches and sleep disturbances also improved. The effectiveness of hypertension exercises in this study was achieved through a dose of exercise in the form of a frequency of 4 times per week with a duration of 30 minutes per session, which was proven to provide a significant reduction in blood pressure. This gymnastics program emphasizes light to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, which has been shown to help improve cardiovascular function and lower vascular resistance. This research contributes to the development of scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of structured gymnastics programs in the management of hypertension in the elderly. These results confirm the importance of hypertension gymnastics as an integral part of primary care strategies for hypertensive elderly patients, emphasizing the importance of a tailored non-pharmacological approach to improve blood pressure control and overall quality of life.

Stabilizing Highly Reactive Aryl Carbanions in Water Microdroplets: Electrophilic Ipso-Substitution at the Air-Water Interface.

The fleeting existence of aryl carbanion intermediates in the bulk phase prevents their direct observation and spectroscopic measurement. In sharp contrast, we report the direct interception of such unstable species at the air-water interface of microdroplets. We observed the transformation of three types of aryl acids (benzoic, phenylsulfinic, and phenylboronic acids) into phenyl carbanion (Ph-) in water microdroplets, as examined by mass spectrometry. Experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that the high intrinsic electric field at the microdroplet surface is likely responsible for cleaving the respective acid functional groups of these substrates, generating Ph-, which can subsequently be trapped by an electrophile, including a proton, to yield the corresponding ipso-substitution product. While catalyst-free decarboxylation at ambient temperature is challenging in the bulk phase, we report over 30% instantaneous conversion of benzoic acid to Ph- in sprayed aqueous microdroplets in less than a millisecond. Thus, this study lays the foundation of a green chemical pathway for the aromatic electrophilic ipso-substitution reaction by spraying an aqueous solution of aryl acids, eliminating the need for any catalyst or reagent.

Emergency physicians spend more time caring for patients who prefer a language other than English which may not be accounted for in reimbursement structures.

Emergency departments increasingly serve patients who prefer a language other than English. Honoring patients' language preferences is crucial for quality and cultural appropriateness of care. We sought to assess whether time spent in caring for patients who preferred a language other than English differed from patients whose language preference was English. Secondarily, we sought to assess professional reimbursement across the two groups. We retrospectively analyzed an existing dataset from a time-in-motion study that included direct observation measurements of emergency physicians' time spent during patient encounters. Our primary outcome was physician time spent conducting patient care, comparing patients who preferred a language other than English to patients who preferred English. Secondarily, we sought to assess if relative value unit (RVU)-based compensation differed across the two groups. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed multivariable regression. Across 218 patient encounters, physicians spent 18.6% longer on encounters with patients whose preferred a language other than English (median=18.5 min, interquartile range [IQR] 14.8-27.9 min) than for those who preferred English (median=15.6 min, IQR 11.5-22.9 min; p=0.04). After controlling for other factors, patients' preferred language was not associated with increased RVUs (β=-0.12, t=-1.94, p=0.055). Emergency physicians appear to spend more time caring for patients who prefer a language other than English. This additional effort during the care of this potentially vulnerable population may not be reflected in past and current reimbursement structures. Additional research is prudent as we seek to better address social determinants of health in care delivery and reimbursement systems.

Comparison of real-time ultrasonography with waveform capnography in verifying endotracheal tube location- An observational study

Immediate post-intubation confirmation of endotracheal tube requires direct observational or secondary gadgets-dependent measures having variable sensitivity and specificity. In this study, dynamic real-time ultrasonography is used for the evaluation of endotracheal tube. The correlation between the gold standard test(Capnography) and the unconventional test(Ultrasonography) is also evaluated.One hundred ASA PS 1, and ASA PS 2 patients were evaluated for endotracheal intubation using real-time ultrasonography. The desired endotracheal intubation was further confirmed by using time capnography. Victorious tracheal intubation was identified using some radiological signs, only one air-mucosa interface with a comet-tail artefact and enhanced posterior acoustic shadowing indicative of endotracheal intubation. Two air-mucosa interfaces with comet-tail artefacts with posterior shadowing were indicative of oesophageal intubation.The mean (SD) ages of the studied patients were 41.25±7.76 Yrs. A total of 87% of patients had endotracheal intubation and 13% had oesophageal intubation based on ultrasonography scan findings. Capnography finding was 91% endotracheal intubations, 9% were true oesophageal. The true positive and true negative rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of real-time ultrasonography were 95%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 88% to 98%) 100% (95% CI 62% to 100%), 100% (95% CI 94% to 100%), 69% (95% CI 38% to 89%) respectively. Kappa (k) value was 0.8. Ultrasonography is a portable sensitive screening equipment for ETT position confirmation. There is a strong association between USG findings with time capnography results.

Comparison of Australian Football League Women's athletes match day energy and nutrient intake to recommendations.

This cross-sectional observational study quantified Australian Football League Women's athletes' match volume, and compared match-day dietary intakes against recommendations. Self-report, direct observation, and fluid measurements determined dietary intake (n = 17, 25 ± 4.5 years, 22.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2) on five home match days (early or late starting). Global positioning system software captured match volume. Linear mixed effects models evaluated differences in early versus late match volume and nutrient intakes. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Athletes covered 6712 ± 622 m during matches, with similar numbers of very high-intensity running efforts over equal distances in early and late matches (early vs. late efforts [no.]: 8.5 ± 4.9 vs. 9.5 ± 5.5; distance [m]: 203 ± 127 vs. 212 ± 113). Across all match days, 71% (n = 12) of athletes met their predicted daily energy requirements. However, 82% (n = 14) failed to meet minimum daily carbohydrate recommendations; intake was lower on early compared with late match days (4.7 g/day vs. 5.4 g/kg/day, p = 0.027). On average, no athletes met carbohydrate recommendations in the 2 h prior to a match and only 24% (n = 4) met recommendations during matches. All athletes met post-match carbohydrate and protein requirements. Athletes cover large distances during games with frequent bursts of high-intensity running. However, they do not adjust their intake to meet the energy demands of competition, with inadequate fuelling prior to and during matches. These findings emphasise the need for greater athlete education and dietary support to maximise strategic fuelling to optimise athletic performance.

Relationship Between Directly Observed Sensory Reactivity Differences and Classroom Behaviors of Autistic Children.

Differences in sensory reactivity are a core feature of autism; however, more remains to be learned about their role in classroom learning. To use direct observational measures to investigate whether there is a link between sensory reactivity differences and classroom behaviors of autistic children. Correlational study. Two special educational needs schools. Children with a clinical diagnosis of autism, ages 5 to 18 yr (N = 53). Sensory reactivity differences were assessed with the Sensory Assessment for Neurodevelopmental Differences. Classroom behaviors were measured using the Behavior Assessment for Children-Second Edition Student Observation System. Total sensory reactivity differences were correlated positively with behaviors that impede learning (r = .31, p < .05) and negatively with behaviors that facilitate learning (r = -.38, p < .05). Hyporeactivity differences were correlated positively with behaviors that impede learning (r = .28, p < .05) and negatively with behaviors that facilitate learning (r = -.31, p < .05). Hyperreactivity and sensory-seeking differences were not significantly correlated with behavior. Results suggest a link between sensory reactivity differences and classroom behaviors, highlighting a need for further research using observational measures in special education settings. Plain-Language Summary: Differences in hyporeactivity for children with autism may play a bigger role in classroom behavior and learning than previous literature has suggested. This has implications in occupational therapy practice for how to tailor support for children with hyporeactivity differences.

Sizing Up General Practice Environments for Big-Bodied Patients: An Environmental Assessment of Three Facilities in Aotearoa New Zealand.

This research describes the physical environments of and equipment in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) general practices in relation to available standards for big-bodied people (BBP) seeking healthcare. The prevalence of BBP both in NZ and globally has increased over the last 30 years and is expected to increase further. As the first and most utilized point of contact for patients in NZ and many countries, it is essential that general practices provide suitable environments to cater for and meet the needs of big-bodied patients seeking healthcare. An exploratory study utilizing an environmental investigation was undertaken in three diverse general practices. Data collection consisted of direct observation and physical measurements of practice layout and equipment. Findings were compared to the existing guidelines or standards for the healthcare of BBP. The analysis identified most environmental facets and equipment in all three general practices did not meet published guidelines for the care of BBP. In the global context of increasing and sustained prevalence of BBP, this exploratory study highlights it is crucial that general practices and similar community-based facilities review their physical environments and equipment and consider modifications to improve accessibility, inclusivity, and comfort for BBP.

Pemanfaatan Media Manipulatif dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VI

This study is a classroom action research that looks at whether manipulating media can improve motivation and learning results. Its goal is to describe how manipulative media are used in math learning. using descriptive methods carried out in four stages with direct observation techniques, questionnaire questionnaires and measurements using observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and written tests in the form of fill-in-the-blank questions. Based on the analysis of the teacher's ability to design manipulative media, an average cycle of 1 meeting 1=3.33, meeting 2=3.44, cycle 2 meeting 1=3.67, meeting 2=3.89. The power of teachers to help students learn came from average cycle 1 meeting 1 = 3.30, meeting 2 = 3.48, cycle 2 meeting 1 = 3.65, meeting 2 = 3.87. Learning motivation was obtained on average pre-cycle = 71.15 / 56.92%, after cycle 1 = 85.12 / 68.10%, after cycle 2 = 101.94 / 81.60%. Learning outcomes were obtained on average cycle 1 meeting 1=71.52, meeting 2=78.64, cycle 2 meeting 1=85.00, meeting 2=91.52. Based on these facts, we can say that manipulative media can make students more interested in learning and help them learn more.

Overlimiting mechanisms of heterogeneous cation- and anion-exchange membranes: A side-by-side comparison

Overlimiting ionic transfer attainable at ion-exchange membranes is a potential way to intensify electromembrane separation processes, such as electrodialysis. The primary mechanisms responsible for overlimiting current are electroconvection, natural convection, and water splitting. For the first time, the present study experimentally investigates all three mechanisms on heterogeneous anion- and cation-exchange membranes, using direct membrane observation and indirect measurement of pH changes in 0.01 M KCl solution. Although the anion- and cation-exchange systems are designed to exhibit the same behavior with different counterions, our results indicate significant differences in the overlimiting ionic transfer. The strong polarization of cation-exchange membranes produced an intensive electroconvective vortex with characteristic velocities in hundreds of μm/s superimposed by an upward electrolyte motion caused by natural convection. No pH changes associated with the water-splitting reaction were observed. The same conditions applied to the anion-exchange membrane resulted in profound pH changes, weaker electroconvection, and natural convection, reaching similar characteristic velocities to the other studied system. Generally, anion-exchange systems were characterized by more significant fluctuations in measured characteristics and were susceptible to fouling by one of the negatively charged markers. The obtained data provide a unified description of phenomena that may occur in the electrodialysis of low-concentrated ionic solutions.

Developing a Direct Observation Measure of Therapeutic Connection in Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Feasibility Study.

Context: Measuring therapeutic connection during psilocybin-assisted therapy is essential to understand underlying mechanisms, inform training, and guide quality improvement. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of directly observing indicators of therapeutic connection during psilocybin administration encounters. Methods: We evaluated audio and video data from a recent clinical trial for observable expressions of therapeutic connection as defined in proposed best-practice competencies (i.e., empathic abiding presence and interpersonal grounding). We selected the first four 8-hour encounters involving unique participants, therapists, and gender pairs. Each video was independently coded by three members of an interprofessional six-person team. Using a structured checklist, coders recorded start-stop times, the audible (i.e., speech prosody or words) and visible (i.e., body movements, eye gaze, and touch) cues marking the event, and the qualities of the interaction (e.g., expression of awe, trust, distress, and calmness). We assessed feasibility by observing the frequency, distribution, and overlap of cues and qualities coders used to identify and define moments of therapeutic connection. Results: Among the 2074 minutes of video, coders recorded 372 moments of therapeutic connection. Eighty-three percent were identified by at least two coders and 41% by all three. Coders used a combination of audible and visual cues to identify therapeutic connection in 51% of observed events (190/372). Both the cues and qualities of therapeutic connection expressions varied over the course of psilocybin temporal effects on states of consciousness. Conclusion: Direct observation of therapeutic human connection is feasible, sensitive to changes in states of consciousness and requires evaluation of audible and visual data.

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN ALAT PERAGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI PEMBAGIAN

This study aims to describe the increase in student learning outcomes in dividing learning using teaching aids in class IV SDN Lowokwaru 2 Malang City. This study used the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in the form of classroom action research and was carried out in two cycles. Data collection techniques were direct observation techniques and measurement techniques. Data collection tools used observation sheets and tests. The results of research on the teacher's ability to compose teaching modules on average cycle 1 reached 3.14 increased in cycle II reached 3.71, the ability of teachers to carry out learning in cycle 1 received an average of 2.92 increased in cycle II reached an average of 3, 75 while student learning outcomes in cycle I averaged 67.67 with the completeness of 15 people increased in cycle II with an average value of 87.50 with 27 students' completeness. The data above shows the teacher's ability to compile and carry out learning and student learning outcomes in learning mathematics about the distribution of using visual aids in class IV students has increased.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Passing Bawah Bola Voli Dengan Pendekatan Permainan

The purpose of this study was to describe empirically about "improving volleyball underhand passing skills with a game approach in class V B students of 18 Delta Pawan Elementary School, Ketapang Regency". The method used by researchers is Class Action Research (classroom action research). While the type of research used is collaborative form. The data collection techniques used in this study were direct observation techniques, measurement techniques and data collection tools that were in accordance with this study, namely observation guidelines. The subjects in this study were students in class V B 18 Delta Pawan Elementary School, Ketapang Regency, totaling 21 students. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive qualitative based on the results of observations. The results of this study showed a significant increase through the game approach, so that the results from the pre-cycle to the last cycle showed good changes.

Teaching Simple Structure by Using Snakes and Ladders Games to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill

This article discusses teaching strategies in teaching simple structure with snakes and ladders games to improve students’ speaking skill. Specifically, this article presents how teaching through games can improve students’ speaking by using snake and ladder games in simple structure. Teaching English by using board game materials (snakes and ladders) is great for learning English simple structure. This activity allows students to improve their understanding. This game is a simple and fun media for students. It can be found that from observation, questionnaires and writing and speaking exercises in learning English by using the ladder snake game. From the questionnaire data, it can be seen that all student answers that media board games can improve students' speaking ability. The sample of the research is class VII A MTS Sulamul Ma’ad Penujak in academic year 2022/2023 and there are 20 students in this class consisting of 7 male and 13 female. The data collection used direct observation techniques, measurement techniques and documentation techniques. The techniques of data analysis used descriptive and qualitativeIt was found that students enjoy, interesting, learn while playing, effective, understand, think creatively and remember the material. The use of the ladder snake game to teach speaking and writing competence improves students' ability in simple structure. This media is not only easy but also brings many advantages and effectiveness in teaching English. This was seen in the pre-test, cycle I, and cycle II in learning processes. It increased by 40% during the learning process from the pre-test to the Cycle I, taking the overall proportion to 85%. This may be because students are unfamiliar with the learning process by using the games of snakes and ladders. These were well implemented with an average category score of 75.72. The increase in student learning outcomes recorded a 10% increase from Cycle I to Cycle II, while the overall percentage of passing students increased to 85%. In other words, improving student learning outcomes at each level is a good improvement category with an average score of 80.33.Keywords: teaching, simple structure, snakes and ladders, fun, understanding

Direct Observation and Quantitative Measurement of OH Radical Desorption During the Ultraviolet Photolysis of Liquid Nonanoic Acid.

Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis of fatty acid surfactants─which cover the surfaces of atmospheric liquid aerosols and are found in the oceans─such as nonanoic acid (NA) has recently been suggested as a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the troposphere. We used laser-induced fluorescence to directly observe OH radicals desorbed from the surface of neat liquid NA as a primary photoproduct following 213 nm irradiation. The upper limit of photoreaction cross section for the OH radical desorption was estimated to be 9.0(4.1) × 10-22 cm2, which is only 1.2 ± 0.8% of the photoreaction cross section established for the photolysis of gas-phase acetic acid monomers. Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy for liquid NA revealed the hydrogen-bonded, cyclic, dimer structure of the NA molecules at the liquid surface. This dimerization can inhibit the formation of OH radicals and lead the present low photochemical reactivity of liquid NA.

Capturing Reactive Carbanions by Microdroplets.

Carbanions appear in many organic or biological reactions as fleeting intermediates, prohibiting direct observation or spectroscopic measurement. An aqueous environment is known to rapidly annihilate a carbanion species, reducing its lifetime to as short as picoseconds. We report that aqueous microdroplets can capture and stabilize reactive carbanion intermediates isolated from four classic organic reactions, aldol and Knoevenagel condensations, alkyne alkylation, and the Reimer-Tiemann reaction, enabling the detection of their carbanion intermediates by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This is accomplished in real time of the reaction, allowing new insights into reaction mechanisms to be obtained. The efficacy of microdroplets in capturing such elusive species was examined by varying the solvent and the microdroplet negative charge density. We observed that microdroplets composed of water-methanol outperform other solvents, such as pure water, in capturing carbanions, which is in contrast to the earlier report that presented the highest performance of pure water microdroplets in capturing carbocations. We offer some mechanistic insights to explain the discriminatory behavior of these two oppositely charged species in microdroplets.

Destabilized Carbocations Caged in Water Microdroplets: Isolation and Real-Time Detection of α-Carbonyl Cation Intermediates.

Over the last 50 years, proposals of α-carbonyl cation intermediates have been driven by chemical intuition and indirect evidence. Recently, wide interest in α-carbonyl cation chemistry has opened new gates to prepare α-functionalized carbonyl compounds. Though these intrinsically unstable carbocations are formed under forcing conditions (e.g., in a strong acid medium), their fleeting existence prohibits direct observation or spectroscopic measurement. We report that high-speed aqueous microdroplets can directly capture α-carbonyl cation intermediates from various reactions (Friedel-Crafts arylation, deoxygenation, and azidation) upon bombarding with the corresponding reaction aliquots. The α-carbonyl cations caged in water droplets are then desorbed to the gas phase, allowing their successful measurement by mass spectrometry. This has also enabled us to simultaneously monitor the relative abundance of the associated precursor, α-carbonyl cation intermediate, and product during the progress of the reaction.

PENGARUH METODE ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the effect of the use of the Role Playing method on student learning outcomes in learning Citizenship Education in class III 66 State Primary School Pontianak City. The method used is an experimental method. In this study, researchers used a Quasi Experimental design in the form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all students of class III 66 Pontianak Elementary School, while the sample was drawn through the whole class III. Based on the results of the draw, the research sample was obtained, namely class III A (control class) and III B (experimental class) totaling 54 students. Data collection techniques used are direct observation techniques and measurement techniques and data collection tools used in the form of observation sheets and test deeds. Based on the analysis of the data obtained the average results of the experimental class post-test of 79.23 and post-test of the control class of 74.93, obtained t-count of 2.993 and t-table (α = 5% and dk = 26 + 28 - 2 = 52) equal to 1.676, because t_count&gt; t_table, then Ha is accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of the Role Playing method on student learning outcomes in learning Citizenship Education in grade III 66 Pontianak Elementary School. Based on the results of the calculation of the effect size (ES) obtained ES = 0.57, which includes the criteria of being moderate, ie 0.2&gt; ES 0.8. Thus, it can be said that the Role Playing learning model gives a good influence on the narrative essay writing skills of students in class III Pontianak Elementary School Negeri PontianakKeywords: Role Playing Learning Model

Psychometric properties of parent- and staff-reported measures and observational measures of infant and toddler development in Early Head Start

Using longitudinal data from the Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey 2009 (Baby FACES 2009), this study examines the psychometric properties of infant and toddler measures of language and cognitive development and social-emotional competence collected from multiple sources, including parent and Early Head Start staff reports and direct assessments from trained assessors. We examined the validity and reliability of parent/staff ratings and observational measures derived from adult/child play-based interactions using independently administered standardized measures from direct assessments as the criteria or comparison measures. Participants included 846 children and families with low incomes enrolled in Early Head Start in spring 2009 who were followed from ages 1 to 3, drawn from a nationally representative sample of programs. The results suggest adequate internal consistency reliability for most of the measures. We found stronger rater effects for staff-reported measures compared with assessor effects for direct child assessment and observational measures. Moreover, the rater effects in the staff-reported measures varied by staff characteristics. There was some evidence of validity for the staff- and parent-reported measures at ages 2 and 3, but little evidence of validity for the age 1 measures. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on infants and toddlers from families with low incomes. It is important to consider the purpose of the assessments and their psychometric properties for the particular group of children with whom the assessments will be used when selecting assessment tools.

KAJIAN DAMPAK POLA MASSA BANGUNAN TERHADAP IKLIM MIKRO DI AREA PERMUKIMAN

In recent years, climate change has become a global phenomenon faced all over the world. This situation potentially has a significant impact on the quality of the environment and the resident’s quality of life. Discussing the environmental quality cannot be separated from the settlement area, which is the place for people’s daily lives. The quality of a settlement area is one of the factors that determine the quality of human life. Especially after experiencing a pandemic period for more than 2 years, the need for a comfortable and healthy living environment is increasing. One of the environmental comfort levels can be observed from the quality of the microclimate. A good microclimate will play a role in maintaining the health of residents and also the quality of the environment to prevent climate change. This study aims to identify a correlation between the physical elements of settlement and the quality of microclimate. The study was conducted in two settlement areas, namely Baciro and Suryatmajan, located in the city of Yogyakarta. These two areas have different characteristics in terms of settlement patterns, which is one of the factors that influence the microclimate. The method used is direct observation and field measurement for the data related to the microclimate and physical elements in the settlement area. The results show that each physical element of the settlement will affect each other in terms of creating the quality of microclimate, so it cannot be relying on just one variable. This result can be used as an essential consideration to propose design strategies for a healthy, comfortable, and sustainable human settlement.