Direct Motor Research Articles

The calcium channel blocker nimodipine inhibits spinal reflex pathways in humans.

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels contribute to depolarization of both motor neurons and interneurons in animal studies, but less is known of their contribution to human motor control and whether blocking them has potential in future antispasmodic treatment in humans. Therefore, this study investigated the acute effect of nimodipine on the transmission of human spinal reflex pathways involved in spasticity. In a double-blinded, crossover study, we measured soleus muscle stretch reflexes and H reflexes and tibialis anterior cutaneous reflexes in 19 healthy subjects before and after nimodipine (tablet 60 mg) or baclofen (tablet 25 mg). Baclofen was used as a control to compare nimodipine's effects with known antispastic treatment. Changes in the size of the maximum H reflex (Hmax)/maximum direct motor response in muscle (Mmax) ratio and stretch and cutaneous reflexes following intervention with nimodipine and baclofen, respectively, were analyzed with a one-way repeated-measures (RM) ANOVA. Nimodipine significantly reduced the Hmax/Mmax ratio [F(2.5,42) = 15; P < 0.0001] and the normalized soleus stretch reflex [F(2.6,47) = 4.8; P = 0.0073] after administration. A similar tendency was seen after baclofen [Hmax/Mmax ratio: F(2.1,39) = 4.0, P = 0.024; normalized stretch reflex: F(2.8,50) = 2.4; P = 0.083]. The Mmax response was unaffected by either intervention. Interestingly, during voluntary soleus activation, the stretch reflex remained unchanged with either treatment. For the cutaneous reflexes, there was a trend toward reduced early inhibition [F(1.6,9.3) = 4.5; P = 0.050] and subsequent facilitation [F(1.3,8.0) = 4.3; P = 0.065] after nimodipine. No severe adverse effects were reported after nimodipine. These findings suggest that nimodipine acutely reduced electrophysiological measures related to spasticity in healthy individuals. The effect seemed located at the spinal level, and voluntary contraction counterbalanced the reduction of the stretch reflex, highlighting its relevance for future studies on antispastic therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The calcium channel antagonist nimodipine significantly reduces the size of the soleus H reflex and stretch reflex in healthy individuals without affecting maximum direct motor response (Mmax) or the stretch reflex during voluntary activation. This underscores the importance of exploring nimodipine as a potential antispastic medication in the future.

Selective direct motor cortical influence during naturalistic climbing in mice.

It remains poorly resolved when and how motor cortical output directly influences limb muscle activity through descending projections, which impedes mechanistic understanding of cortical movement control. Here we addressed this in mice performing an ethologically inspired all-limb climbing behavior. We quantified the direct influence of forelimb primary motor cortex (caudal forelimb area, CFA) on muscle activity across the muscle activity states that occur during climbing. We found that CFA instructs muscle activity pattern, mainly by selectively activating certain muscles while exerting much smaller, bidirectional effects on their antagonists. From Neuropixel recordings, we identified linear combinations (components) of motor cortical activity that covary with these effects, finding that these components differ partially from those that covary with muscle activity and differ almost completely from those that covary with kinematics. Collectively, our results reveal an instructive direct motor cortical influence on limb muscles that is selective within a motor behavior and reliant on a distinct neural activity subspace.

Smart Floor Cleaning System: A Review

The automatic floor cleaner described above integrates a number of components to efficiently travel and clean interior spaces. The main purpose of this device is to utilizing an Arduino microcontroller, synchronize the activities of many sensors and actuators. The ultrasonic sensor serves as the primary instrument for detecting obstacles and determining the cleaner's separation from walls or other objects. At the same time, the infrared sensor enhances detection capabilities, particularly when there are surface flaws or low-lying impediments. Communication and control are made easier by the integration of a Bluetooth module, which offers wireless connectivity with a smartphone or other compatible devices. Users can remotely operate the cleaner, adjust its settings, or monitor its condition using a certain smartphone application. The device's rechargeable battery power enables portability and independence while cleaning. The cleaning mechanism is powered by a BLDC (Brushless DC) motor, which is renowned for its dependability and efficiency. When used in conjunction with an electronic speed controller and motor driver, the motor's direction and speed can be precisely controlled. This setup allows the cleaner to adapt its cleaning strategy to shifting environmental conditions or user preferences.

Intraoperative stimulation mapping of sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve using unconditioned reflexes

Introduction: Intraoperative stimulation mapping enables to determine the location of nerves in the surgical field when visualization is difficult, as well as to identify visualized nerves, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative iatrogenic complications. Motor nerve mapping is widely used in neurosurgical procedures but only a few attempts at intraoperative sensory nerve mapping have been reported to date. The introduction of an effective method for mapping the sensory branches/portions of the trigeminal nerve can reduce the risk of complications such as facial hypo- and hyperesthesia after operations in the posterior cranial fossa. Objective: To demonstrate the possibility of using unconditioned reflex motor reactions for stimulation mapping of the sensory branches/portions of the trigeminal nerve.Methods: Intraoperative neuromonitoring records were analyzed in three patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent nerve stimulation mapping during microvascular decompression. The using of an extended to 40 ms time window for recording myographic responses enabled to record both short-latency direct motor responses to stimulation of motor nerves and long-latency reflex motor responses to stimulation of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. Results: It was shown that unconditioned reflex reactions of the orbicularis oculi muscle (stimulation of the V1 portion of the trigeminal nerve, blink reflex) and tongue muscles (stimulation of V3, trigemino hypoglossal reflex) were successfully induced in patients under total intravenous anesthesia with both monopolar and bipolar stimulation. One patient also showed a reaction of the orbicularis oris muscle (stimulation of V2, snout reflex). The technique used enabled to differentiate not only the motor and sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve, but also its different sensory portions separately.Conclusion: The intraoperative stimulation mapping of sensory branches/portions of the trigeminal nerve via unconditioned reflex motor responses can be performed using the equipment and anesthesia regimen typical for motor nerve mapping. Received 10 October 2024. Revised 1 November 2024. Accepted 12 November 2024. Informed consentThe patients’ informed consent to use the records for medical purposes is obtained. FundingThe study was supported by the grant of Russian Science Foundation No. 23-25-00322. Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. Contribution of the authorsThe authors contributed equally to this article.

Efficiency Takes Flight: 3D-Printed A2212 Brushless Direct Current Outrunner Motor Propelling Next-Gen Drone Deliveries

Efficiency Takes Flight: 3D-Printed A2212 Brushless Direct Current Outrunner Motor Propelling Next-Gen Drone Deliveries

Design and Stability Analysis of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Hydro-Pneumatic Spring Wheel-Leg

Traditional hydro-pneumatic spring suspensions are limited to a single vertical degree of freedom, which cannot accommodate the significant technological changes introduced by the new in-wheel motor drive mode. Integrating the motor into the vehicle’s hub creates a direct motor drive mode, replacing the traditional engine–transmission–drive shaft configuration. Together with the dual in-wheel motor wheelset structure, this setup can achieve both drive and differential steering functions. In this study, we designed a six-arm suspension wheel-leg device based on hydro-pneumatic springs, and its structural composition and functional characteristics are presented herein. The external single-chamber hydro-pneumatic springs used in the six-arm structure suspension were analyzed and mathematically modeled, and the nonlinear characteristic curves of the springs were derived. To overcome the instability caused by inconsistent extension lengths of the hydro-pneumatic springs during horizontal steering, the spring correction force, horizontal rotational torque, consistency, and stiffness of the six-degree-of-freedom hydro-pneumatic spring wheel-leg device were analyzed. Finally, with the auxiliary action of tension springs, the rotational torque of the hydro-pneumatic springs and the tension resistance torque of the tension spring counterbalanced each other, keeping the resultant torque on the wheelset at approximately 0 N∙m. The results suggest that the proposed device has excellent self-stabilizing performance and meets the requirements for straight-line driving and differential steering applications. This device provides a new approach for the drive mode and suspension design of the dual in-wheel motor wheelset.

Synaptic dynamics linked to widespread elevation of H-reflex before peripheral denervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Changes in Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) exhibit heterogeneity among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), likely due to phenotype diversity. Current knowledge primarily focuses on soleus H-reflex, which may demonstrate an initial increase before subsequent decline throughout the disease course. The main objective was to investigate other muscles, to determine whether H-reflex changes could be associated with patient phenotype (onset site, functional disabilities). Additional experiments were performed to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying H-reflex modifications. In age- and sex-matched groups of control subjects and patients, we compared H-reflex recruitment curves in soleus, quadriceps, and forearm flexors. Additionally, we examined H-reflex and motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curves in quadriceps. Last, to assess potential changes in monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of both peripheral and cortical origins, we analyzed peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) and peristimulus frequencygrams (PSFs) of single motor units, along with H-reflex occurrence after paired-pulse stimuli. The ratio between maximal amplitudes of H-reflex and direct motor response increased in all muscles, irrespective of disease onset, and was found positively correlated with exaggerated osteotendinous reflexes and spasticity but depressed in patients on riluzole. This finding was accompanied by a reduction in MEP size and no changes in PSTH, PSF, and paired-pulse H-reflex probability. It is speculated that spinal interneurons may compensate for potential depression of monosynaptic EPSPs in ALS. From a clinical perspective, although the added value of H-reflex to osteotendinous reflex evaluation may be limited, it can serve as a valuable quantitative biomarker of pyramidal dysfunction in clinical trials.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Without significant evidence of peripheral denervation, H-reflex enhancement appears to be a widespread phenomenon, regardless of disease onset site. This increase is likely associated with a decrease in inhibitory control over presynaptic transmission of the synapse between muscle group Ia afferents and motoneurons. Although the link to exaggerated osteotendinous reflexes and spasticity implies a restricted role in identifying a pyramidal syndrome, its quantitative aspect positions the H-reflex as a valuable biomarker in clinical trials.

Decellularized Biohybrid Nerve Promotes Motor Axon Projections.

Developing nerve grafts with intact mesostructures, superior conductivity, minimal immunogenicity, and improved tissue integration is essential for the treatment and restoration of neurological dysfunctions. A key factor is promoting directed axon growth into the grafts. To achieve this, biohybrid nerves are developed using decellularized rat sciatic nerve modified by in situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Nine biohybrid nerves are compared with varying polymerization conditions and cycles, selecting the best candidate through material characterization. These results show that a 1:1 ratio of FeCl3 oxidant to ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer, cycled twice, provides superior conductivity (>0.2mScm-1), mechanical alignment, intact mesostructures, and high compatibility with cells and blood. To test the biohybrid nerve's effectiveness in promoting motor axon growth, human Spinal Cord Spheroids (hSCSs) derived from HUES 3 Hb9:GFP cells are used, with motor axons labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Seeding hSCS onto one end of the conduit allows motor axon outgrowth into the biohybrid nerve. The construct effectively promotes directed motor axon growth, which improves significantly after seeding the grafts with Schwann cells. This study presents a promising approach for reconstructing axonal tracts in humans.

Dynamics of directional motor tuning in the primate premotor and primary motor cortices during sensorimotor learning

Sensorimotor learning requires reorganization of neuronal activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and primary motor cortex (M1). To reveal PM- and M1-specific reorganization in a primate, we conducted calcium imaging in common marmosets while they learned a two-target reaching (pull/push) task after mastering a one-target reaching (pull) task. Throughout learning of the two-target reaching task, the dorsorostral PM (PMdr) showed peak activity earlier than the dorsocaudal PM (PMdc) and M1. During learning, the reaction time in pull trials increased and correlated strongly with the peak timing of PMdr activity. PMdr showed decreasing representation of newly introduced (push) movement, whereas PMdc and M1 maintained high representation of pull and push movements. Many task-related neurons in PMdc and M1 exhibited a strong preference to either movement direction. PMdc neurons dynamically switched their preferred direction depending on their performance in push trials in the early learning stage, whereas M1 neurons stably retained their preferred direction and high similarity of preferred direction between neighbors. These results suggest that in primate sensorimotor learning, dynamic directional motor tuning in PMdc converts the sensorimotor association formed in PMdr to the stable and specific motor representation of M1.

Directionality Reversal and Shift of Rotational Axis in a Hemithioindigo Macrocyclic Molecular Motor.

Molecular motors are central driving units for nanomachinery, and control of their directional motions is of fundamental importance for their functions. Light-driven variants use easy to provide, easy to dose, and waste-free fuel with high energy content, making them particularly interesting for applications. Typically, light-driven molecular motors work via rotations around dedicated chemical bonds where the directionality of the rotation is dictated by the steric effects of asymmetry in close vicinity to the rotation axis. In this work, we show how unidirectional rotation around a virtual axis can be realized by reprogramming a molecular motor. To this end, a classical light-driven motor is restricted by macrocyclization, and its intrinsic directional rotation is transformed into a directional rotation of the macrocyclic chain in the opposite direction. Further, solvent polarity changes allow to toggle the function of this molecular machine between a directional motor and a nondirectional photoswitch. In this way, a new concept for the design of molecular motors is delivered together with elaborate control over their motions and functions by simple solvent changes. The possibility of sensing the environmental polarity and correspondingly adjusting the directionality of motions opens up a next level of control and responsiveness to light-driven nanoscopic motors.

Assisting Directional Drilling by Calculating a Safe Operating Envelope

Summary Nowadays, complex 3D trajectories are executed with a succession of circular arcs (CAs). Although they have constant curvature, their tool face is not constant. Consequently, directional drillers must adjust the tool face regularly to reach the target entry within its tolerances. This paper investigates the use of the constant curvature and constant tool face (CTC in short) curve as an alternative to the CA to assist the directional drilling work to reach the target entry within its boundaries. The problem is addressed by calculating a safe operating envelope (SOE) to reach the boundaries of the target entry and provide a tolerance window for the curvature and tool face to support directional drilling decisions. The target entry tolerance is discretized as a polygon. From the current bit position and its direction, the possible choices of curvatures and tool faces are obtained to reach the edges of the target entry shape. The SOE can be calculated with the CA or with the CTC curve. It is, therefore, possible to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both types of curves to attain the target entry and stay within its boundaries. The CA is shorter than the CTC curve. However, it requires adjusting the tool face during the navigation, which is not the case with the CTC curve. As a result, the directional driller can control the bottomhole assembly (BHA) direction such that the well lands within the target entry limits by using set points for tool face and curvature inside the calculated SOE. Furthermore, a new way to represent the SOE is introduced. It makes use of a 3D cylindrical representation where the curvature is mapped as the height of a cylinder, while the tool face corresponds to the azimuth in the cylindrical coordinate system, and the length is linked to the radial distance. This provides a visual aid to understand the SOE. Moreover, this visualization helps to appreciate the relationship between the initial bit location and direction in the construction of the SOE and how the margins increase in a particular manner as the bit approaches the target entry polygon. The CTC curve is the natural one followed by directional positive displacement motors (PDMs) or rotary steerable systems (RSS). Potentially, the CTC curve may be a more straightforward solution to automated directional drilling control because it is easier to be followed by both PDM and RSS.

Decision uncertainty as a context for motor memory

The current view of perceptual decision-making suggests that once a decision is made, only a single motor programme associated with the decision is carried out, irrespective of the uncertainty involved in decision making. In contrast, we show that multiple motor programmes can be acquired on the basis of the preceding uncertainty of the decision, indicating that decision uncertainty functions as a contextual cue for motor memory. The actions learned after making certain (uncertain) decisions are only partially transferred to uncertain (certain) decisions. Participants were able to form distinct motor memories for the same movement on the basis of the preceding decision uncertainty. Crucially, this contextual effect generalizes to novel stimuli with matched uncertainty levels, demonstrating that decision uncertainty is itself a contextual cue. These findings broaden the understanding of contextual inference in motor memory, emphasizing that it extends beyond direct motor control cues to encompass the decision-making process.

Dopamine-mediated plasticity preserves excitatory connections to direct pathway striatal projection neurons and motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) such as bradykinesia and akinesia are debilitating, and treatment options remain inadequate. The loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in PD produces motor symptoms by shifting the balance of striatal output from the direct (go) to indirect (no-go) pathway in large part through changes in the excitatory connections and intrinsic excitabilities of the striatal projection neurons (SPNs). Here, we report using two different experimental models that a transient increase in striatal dopamine and enhanced D1 receptor activation, during 6-OHDA dopamine depletion, prevent the loss of mature spines and dendritic arbors on direct pathway projection neurons (dSPNs) and normal motor behavior for up to 5 months. The primary motor cortex and midline thalamic nuclei provide the major excitatory connections to SPNs. Using ChR2-assisted circuit mapping to measure inputs from motor cortex M1 to dorsolateral dSPNs, we observed a dramatic reduction in both experimental model mice and controls following dopamine depletion. Changes in the intrinsic excitabilities of SPNs were also similar to controls following dopamine depletion. Future work will examine thalamic connections to dSPNs. The findings reported here reveal previously unappreciated plasticity mechanisms within the basal ganglia that can be leveraged to treat the motor symptoms of PD.

Sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunctions in movement disorders beyond Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms.

This review aimed to comprehensively outline sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities in hyperkinetic movement disorders beyond Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms, including tremor, dystonia, choreiform movements, tics, and ataxia disorders. Insomnia, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are commonly reported in essential tremor, Wilson's disease, tics or Tourette's syndrome, and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have been observed in Wilson's disease and SCA. A combination of REM and non-REM parasomnias, along with nocturnal stridor with the initiation of sleep and re-entering after awakening, are characterized by undifferentiated Non-REM and poorly structured N2 in anti-IgLON5 disease. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been reported commonly in SCAs. Sleep-related dyskinesia has been reported in ADCY5-related disease and GNAO1-related movement disorder. Sleep problems can manifest as a result of movement disorders, either through direct motor disturbances or secondary nonmotor symptoms. Medication effects must be considered, as certain medications for movement disorders can exacerbate or alleviate sleep disturbances. Distinguishing sleep problems in some diseases might involve pathognomonic symptoms and signs, aiding in the diagnosis of movement disorders.

Simulation modeling of PMBLDC motor speed control in electric propulsion of EV system using adaptive nonlinear fuzzy sliding mode controller (ANF-SMC)

In the current scenario of transportation system, vehicles of conventional are replaced with Electric Vehicles (EVs) with Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Control Motors (PMBLDCMs) because of the many advantages of the usage of such motors in EVs. Despite the many advantages of the usage of EVs with PMBLDCMs, there were some disadvantages, among them were speed control and dealing with uncertainty problems in the usage of PMBLDCMs in EVs. In rectifying the above-mentioned problems, this work proposed and implemented an ideology of using the nonlinear controller strategy Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (ANF-SMC) in the Electric Propulsion Subsystem (EPSS) of EVs with the usage of the proposed nonlinear controller under not loaded and fully loaded vehicles with constant, variable and sudden disturbance in speed conditions. Simulation was carried out using MATLAB version R2020b with Fuzzy Tool Kit (FTK) and simulation performance comparison was done with the existing four (one linear and three nonlinear) controllers. Comparative simulation results infer that the proposed nonlinear controller performs well with zero overshoot and less settling time than that of the existing four (one linear and three nonlinear controllers).

Direct torque motor control technology based on NPC three-level SVPWM

This paper introduces a direct torque control technology based on NPC three-level SVPWM. It uses the Matlab platform to build a simulation model. It verifies the ideal waveform of the torque, magnetic chain, and current of the NPC-SVPWM direct torque control system under high speed and low speed with no load and load. This technique improves the waveform of the stator current and stator magnetic chain and solves the problem of the switching frequency not being fixed. Through this technique, it not only retains the robustness of the direct torque technique to the parameter change, but also effectively reduces the torque pulsation.

Dual topologies of myotomal collagen XV and Tenascin C act in concert to guide and shape developing motor axons

During development, motor axons are guided toward muscle target by various extrinsic cues including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins whose identities and cellular source remain poorly characterized. Here, using single-cell RNAseq of sorted GFP+ cells from smyhc1:gfp-injected zebrafish embryos, we unravel the slow muscle progenitors (SMP) pseudotemporal trajectory at the single-cell level and show that differentiating SMPs are a major source of ECM proteins. The SMP core-matrisome was characterized and computationally predicted to form a basement membrane-like structure tailored for motor axon guidance, including basement membrane-associated ECM proteins, as collagen XV-B, one of the earliest core-matrisome gene transcribed in differentiating SMPs and the glycoprotein Tenascin C. To investigate how contact-mediated guidance cues are organized along the motor path to exert their function in vivo, we used microscopy-based methods to analyze and quantify motor axon navigation in tnc and col15a1b knock-out fish. We show that motor axon shape and growth rely on the timely expression of the attractive cue Collagen XV-B that locally provides axons with a permissive soft microenvironment and separately organizes the repulsive cue Tenascin C into a unique functional dual topology. Importantly, bioprinted micropatterns that mimic this in vivo ECM topology were sufficient to drive directional motor axon growth. Our study offers evidence that not only the composition of ECM cues but their topology critically influences motor axon navigation in vertebrates with potential applications in regenerative medicine for peripheral nerve injury as regenerating nerves follow their original path.

Understanding the Micro, Meso, and Macro Worlds of User Experience

Overview: The article presents a framework for holistically understanding a product’s user experience (UX). Informed by the author’s experience as a UX researcher and manager at Google, it is intended to demystify the competencies that UX researchers can bring to organizations to help propel successful innovation. The framework outlines how users simultaneously inhabit three nested scale dimensions of experience with products (Worlds of UX) and demonstrates that engendering user-centered thinking within organizations requires integrating knowledge from each. The Micro World of UX comprises moment-by-moment experiences: direct sensory and motor phenomena, tasks, tools, and decision-making moments users encounter when using a product to accomplish lower-order goals. The Meso World of UX consists of user journeys: sequences of lower-order goals that form pathways toward higher-order goals. The Macro World of UX is the realm of user–product relationships: how users experience successive user journeys and how user segments orient toward products longitudinally.

Shock waves modulate corticospinal excitability: A proof of concept for further rehabilitation purposes?

Focal extracorporeal shock wave therapy (fESWT) is a physical therapy vastly studied and used for various musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effect of fESWT on central nervous system is still to be determined. To elucidate spinal and supra-spinal mechanisms of fESWT in healthy subjects, in order to widen the spectrum of its clinical applications. In this quasi-experimental, unblinded, proof-of-concept clinical study, 10 voluntary healthy subjects underwent fESWT and were assessed immediately before (T0), immediately after (T1) and seven days after (T2) the intervention. As neurophysiological outcomes, motor evoked potentials (resting motor threshold, maximal motor evoked potential and maximal compound muscle action potential ratio, cortical silent period, total conduction motor time, direct and indirect central motor conduction time), F-waves (minimal and mean latency, persistence and temporal dispersion) and H-reflex (threshold, amplitude, maximal H reflex and maximal compound muscle action potential ratio, latency) were considered. Resting motor threshold and F-waves temporal dispersion significantly decreased, respectively, from T1 and T2 and from T0 and T2 (for both, p < 0.05). H-reflex threshold increase between T0 and T1. Analysis disclosed a strong negative correlation between Δ3 cortical silent period (i.e., T2 -T1 recordings) and Δ1 Hr threshold (i.e., T1 -T0 recordings) (r = -0.66, p < 0.05), and a positive strong relationship between Δ3 cortical silent period and Δ3 Hr threshold (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). fESWT modulates corticospinal tract excitability in healthy volunteers, possibly inducing an early inhibition followed by a later facilitation after one week.

Coupled Rotary Motion in Molecular Motors.

Biological molecular machines play a pivotal role in sustaining life by producing a controlled and directional motion. Artificial molecular machines aim to mimic this motion, to exploit and tune the nanoscale produced motion to power dynamic molecular systems. The precise control, transfer, and amplification of the molecular-level motion is crucial to harness the potential of synthetic molecular motors. It is intriguing to establish how directional motor rotation can be utilized to drive secondary motions in other subunits of a multicomponent molecular machine. The challenge to design sophisticated synthetic machines involving multiple motorized elements presents fascinating opportunities for achieving unprecedented functions, but these remain almost unexplored due to their extremely intricate behavior. Here we show intrinsic coupled rotary motion in light-driven overcrowded-alkene based molecular motors. Thus far, molecular motors with two rotors have been understood to undergo independent rotation of each subunit. The new bridged-isoindigo motor design revealed an additional dimension to the motor's unidirectional operation mechanism where communication between the rotors occurs. An unprecedented double metastable state intermediate bridges the rotation cycles of the two rotor subunits. Our findings demonstrate how neighboring motorized subunits can affect each other and thereby drastically change the motor's functioning. Controlling the embedded entanglement of active intramolecular components sets the stage for more advanced artificial molecular machines.