Direct Inclusion Research Articles

On the geometric construction of a stabilizing time-invariant state feedback controller for the nonholonomic integrator

The paper presents a rather natural and elementary geometric construction of a stabilizing time-invariant state feedback law for the nonholonomic integrator. The key features of the particular construction are the direct inclusion of certain classical optimality considerations pertaining to the geodesics of the nonholonomic integrator, the confinement of all discontinuities in the feedback law to the z-axis, as well as a uniform exponential convergence result for the closed-loop system. The results of this treatment also have interesting implications for the control of nonholonomic systems in general, e.g., they highlight that for nonholonomic systems even the most natural seeming stabilizing feedback laws may not be amenable to a closed-form expression and may need to be formulated in more elaborate and implicit terms.

Information-Measuring System to Measure Fluid and Granular Media Flow Velocities in Pipelines

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both

ICT Diffusion, Foreign Direct Investment and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study examines the joint effects of ICT diffusion (composed of access, usage and skills), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study draws on data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and the Global Consumption and Income Project for the period 1980–2019 for the analysis. The study provides evidence robust to several specifications from the ordinary least squares and dynamic system GMM estimation techniques to show that: (1) unconditionally, both FDI and ICT diffusion induce inclusive growth in SSA; (2) compared to its direct effect, ICT diffusion is remarkable in fostering shared growth in SSA in the presence of FDI, and (3) relative to ICT access and ICT usage, ICT skills is more effective for enhancing inclusive growth in SSA. Overall, FDI modulates our ICT dynamics to engender positive synergy effects on inclusive growth. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement and the projected rise in FDI to SSA from 2022.

A novel approach to explicitly model the spatiotemporal impacts of structural complexity created by alien ecosystem engineers in a marine benthic environment

In a prequel to this paper, we used non-spatial temporal modelling to investigate the impact of non-native ecosystem engineers on a small-scale, intertidal rocky shore in Saldanha Bay, on the west coast of South Africa, where invasive species have changed the physical environment between 1980 and 2015. However, we considered this approach incomplete without the direct inclusion of spatial modelling and zonation. To address this, we compared multiple, layered simulations employing the food-web approach of Ecospace, the spatial-temporal module of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE). Our simulations included a control; a simulation that restricted drivers to depth and habitat preferences; two simulations to account for structural complexity as a function of the biomass of alien ecosystem engineers – the first indirectly via mediation, and the second via a novel plug-in ‘Ecoengineer’ – and lastly the inclusion of wave action to replicate its effects. Only the simulation that included the Ecoengineer routine matched empirical observations of species diversity indices and the exclusion of the native mussel Choromytilus meridionalis by the arriving alien Mytilus galloprovincialis. Inclusion of mediation did not differ from the model simulation that used only habitat preference and depth to drive the model, and the addition of wave action did not improve model fits. Our results emphasise that when analysing intertidal ecosystems, they should be modelled with an explicit representation of structural habitat complexity over time and space, and we consider that the application of our Ecoengineer plug-in is an effective and novel way of accomplishing this.

Future trends of processed meat products concerning perceived healthiness: A review.

The 21st-century consumer is highly demanding when it comes to the health benefits of food and food products. In the pursuit of attracting these consumers and easing the rise in demand for high-quality meat products, the processed meat sector is intensely focused on developing reformulated, low-fat, healthy meat products. Meat and meat products are considered the primary sources of saturated fatty acids in the human diet. Therefore, these reformulation strategies aim to improve the fatty acid profile and reduce total fat and cholesterol, which can be achieved by replacing animal fat with plant-based oils; it could be performed as direct inclusion of these oils or pre-emulsified oils. However, emulsions offer a viable option for incorporating vegetable oils while avoiding the multiple issues of direct inclusion of these oils in meat products. Processed meat products are popular worldwide and showing a gradually increasing trend of consumption. Various types of plant-based oils have been studied as fat replacers in meat products. This review will focus on possible methods to reduce the saturated fatty acid content in meat products.

Christian Tradition and (Post) Modernity in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Culture (1)

In the context of Cardinal Wyszyński’s personalistic concept, a man understood as a spiritual, as well as corporal being, created by God in His image and likeness, endowed with human dignity from the moment of conception, the subject of rights and duties appears as the focus of the Christian perception of culture. The analysis of contemporary cultural reality, then, carried out in the above article in the light of the Christian tradition allows us to express the discussed issues in terms of a vocation addressed to every human being. Its position to the realities of earthly life emphasizes that in the creative activity of culture, one should see the most appropriate way of realizing the fullness of the human personality not only in the temporal dimension but also in the supernatural one. Moreover, emphasizing such elements as the human person, family, Nation, state, the international community, culture, economy, and politics understood in an integral way, as well as the Church proclaiming the universal message of salvation, the Primate’s vision of culture exposes a praxeological character, rooted in particular human existence. It allows not only the direct inclusion of the human person in the current of civilization and cultural changes but also consents the human being to discover the right place in the dynamically changing contexts of the contemporary world.

Classification and cross-section resistance of equal-leg rolled angle profiles

Angle profiles belong to the most common structural steel shapes used in construction. They exhibit specific features that distinguish them from other types of common sections. This paper presents specific rules for the classification of angle profiles as well as formulas for the design cross-section resistances. The rules are based on theoretical-analytical considerations and are subjected to extensive numerical validation. They are written in Eurocode 3 format so as to allow a direct possible inclusion in forthcoming drafts. They cover all cross-section classes and allow a smooth transition between them.

Effect of variations in Composition and Sintering Temprature on Mechanical Properties Ceramic Membrane with Bentonite, Sinabung Volcanic Ash and Carbon Active

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.

Maximizing cancer prevention through genetic navigation for Lynch syndrome detection in women with newly diagnosed endometrial and nonserous/nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer.

BackgroundDespite recommendations for reflex immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins to identify Lynch syndrome (LS), the uptake of genetic assessment by those who meet referral criteria is low. The authors implemented a comprehensive genetic navigation program to increase the uptake of genetic testing for LS in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) or nonserous/nonmucinous ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsParticipants with newly diagnosed EC or OC were prospectively recruited from 3 cancer centers in Ontario, Canada. Family history questionnaires were used to assess LS‐specific family history. Reflex IHC for MMR proteins was performed with the inclusion of clinical directives in pathology reports. A trained genetic navigator initiated a genetic referral on behalf of the treating physician and facilitated genetic referrals to the closest genetics center.ResultsA total of 841 participants (642 with EC, 172 with OC, and 27 with synchronous EC/OC) consented to the study; 194 (23%) were MMR‐deficient by IHC. Overall, 170 women (20%) were eligible for a genetic assessment for LS: 35 on the basis of their family history alone, 24 on the basis of their family history and IHC, 82 on the basis of IHC alone, and 29 on the basis of clinical discretion. After adjustments for participants who died (n = 6), 149 of 164 patients (91%) completed a genetic assessment, and 111 were offered and completed genetic testing. Thirty‐four women (4.0% of the total cohort and 30.6% of those with genetic testing) were diagnosed with LS: 5 with mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), 9 with mutS homolog 2 (MSH2), 15 with mutS homolog 6 (MSH6), and 5 with PMS2.ConclusionsThe introduction of a navigated genetic program resulted in a high rate of genetic assessment (>90%) in patients with gynecologic cancer at risk for LS.

Censcyt: censored covariates in differential abundance analysis in cytometry

BackgroundInnovations in single cell technologies have lead to a flurry of datasets and computational tools to process and interpret them, including analyses of cell composition changes and transition in cell states. The diffcyt workflow for differential discovery in cytometry data consist of several steps, including preprocessing, cell population identification and differential testing for an association with a binary or continuous covariate. However, the commonly measured quantity of survival time in clinical studies often results in a censored covariate where classical differential testing is inapplicable.ResultsTo overcome this limitation, multiple methods to directly include censored covariates in differential abundance analysis were examined with the use of simulation studies and a case study. Results show that multiple imputation based methods offer on-par performance with the Cox proportional hazards model in terms of sensitivity and error control, while offering flexibility to account for covariates. The tested methods are implemented in the R package censcyt as an extension of diffcyt and are available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/censcyt.ConclusionMethods for the direct inclusion of a censored variable as a predictor in GLMMs are a valid alternative to classical survival analysis methods, such as the Cox proportional hazard model, while allowing for more flexibility in the differential analysis.

Research on battlefield target recognition method based on machine learning

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.

Analysis of the prevalence and severity of clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age

Objective: to determine the prevalence and severity of clinical and cytological manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in relation to immunological and virological parameters.Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained through direct randomised inclusion of 182 HIV-infected women of fertile age who were being followed up at the AIDS Centre during their initial gynaecological examinations. Statistical processing of the findings was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics software.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed a high detection rate of chronic papillomavirus infection of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HRS) among HIV-infected women, which is a prognostically unfavorable factor for the development of pathological changes in the cervix and was confirmed in a study by extended colposcopy. It was found that the concentration of HPV VKR increases against the background of a decrease in the immune status, and there is an indirect relationship between the level of HIV viral load and the concentration of HPV VKR.Conclusion. The feasibility of HPV vaccination among HIV-infected girls and women aged 9–45 has been demonstrated.

Host-guest inclusion for enhancing anticancer activity of pemetrexed against lung carcinoma and decreasing cytotoxicity to normal cells

Advanced chemotherapy strategies are in urgent demand for improving anticancer efficacy. Herein, a water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6A) was used to load chemotherapeutic agent pemetrexed (PMX) by forming direct host-guest inclusion, which is beneficial for decreasing cytotoxicity of PMX on BEAS-2B cells. NMR and florescence titration served to confirm the complexation between WP6A and ATP with higher affinity [(5.67 ± 0.31) × 105 L/mol], favoring competitive replacement of PMX. Complexation ATP by WP6A effectively prevented ATP from being hydrolyzed in presence of alkaline phosphatase. The formed host-guest complex was further used to block the efflux pump by cutting off energy source from ATP hydrolysis, which was accompanied with releasing PMX to produce synergistic enhancement of anticancer performance towards A549 cells. This supramolecular strategy would also be extended to other clinical chemotherapeutic agents and it was expected to provide salutary profits for cancer patients.

INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE

The synthesis of scientific knowledge obtained within individual disciplines became one of the leading trends in science in the latter half of the 20th century. Together with the existing disciplinary organization and the structuring of science according to the respective specializations, interdisciplinary methodology is being actively developed, problem and project approaches to research are increasingly being applied, the paradigm of integrity is being established. Such processes have also affected design, both theoretical and practical aspects of work. Considering the interdisciplinary interaction of design with other art forms, architecture appears to be most appropriate, given the commonality of design and architectural design dating back to the mid-20th century. Many architects design objects and placing them in their architectural constructions; and designers work with architectural projects, creating a «shell» for their design objects. There is a semantic organization in these processes, the study of which is relevant in view of the emerging paradigm of integrity in science. The aim of research reveals the interdisciplinary interaction between design and architecture, and represents the relevant projects of designers and architects. The results can be used to broaden the understanding of interdisciplinary methodology regarding to its emergence and formation in design and architecture, as well as their current project results. The scientific paper describes some of the professional patterns inherent in design and architecture that unite these arts in filling the object-spatial environment. Common meaning organization of design and architectural subject culture in comparison with samples of «pure» art is also noted, the direct inclusion of these objects in the life canvas of each individual is emphasized. The interdisciplinary interaction of design and architecture contributes to their mutual filling. For design work, the main priority of interdisciplinarity is in studying the architectural heritage that far exceeds the design culture over time. For architectural activity it is possible to expand its professional boundaries by mastering the specifics of design methodology, as well as to optimize the project process in creating a coherent and harmonious structure of building. Interdisciplinary interaction is evident in project activities of modern designers and architects. The projects of American designer Karim Rashid, who works on both: the industrial design projects and objects for the architectural environment, are of particular interest. Architectural bureau «Zaha Hadid Architects», once headed by the Iraqi-British architect and designer of Arab origin Zaha Hadid, also conducts interdisciplinary project activity, touching both design and architecture. The projects of Gerrit Ritveld, designed more than a hundred years ago, confirm the extent of interdisciplinary links in design, architecture and art, reflecting the objectivity of these processes.

A descriptive Study Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Delivery of Care and Mental Health of Geriatric Nursing Home Staff

IntroductionCOVID-19 has had an unprecedented global impact on public health and socio-economic matters. The magnitude of COVID-19 has undoubtedly affected every aspect of daily life and highlighted the need for increased preparedness, coordination, and monitoring. Amongst all social groups, the elderly is by far the most affected age group in morbidity and mortality [1]. Approximately 1.3 million individuals live in 15,600 nursing home facilities in the United States [2]. In fact, the beginning of COVID-19 may be marked by the 25 deaths in a single King County facility in Washington state. Nursing homes have faced the rapid spread of COVID-19 among residents and staff and have been at the center of the public health emergency during the pandemic. Factors that contribute to this rapid spread include crowding, sharing of bathroom facilities, and gathering in common areas that are not set up for infection control. Nursing homes, in particular, provide ideal environments for devastating infections to spread.Nursing homes, in particular, have essentially been in complete lockdown, not unlike inmates, who both deeply lack social interaction and are currently unable to exist outside the walls of their respective institutions. Those who do not have close family or friends, and rely on the support of voluntary services or social workers, could be at additional risk [6]. To lessen the chance of infection among older people in nursing homes, more local authorities are banning visitors to nursing homes and long-term care facilities. Furthermore, restrictions on group activities such as playing board games, watching TV in a common space, and engaging in art therapy, may harm residents’ mental and physical well-being [8]. Nursing home residents are already susceptible to loneliness, and the lack of social interaction due to decreased visitation from family and friends further compounds the traumatization of COVID-19 on daily living.MethodsMETHODS: This is a descriptive study over a period of 1 month conducted among nursing home staff in Lubbock, TX during the COVID-19 pandemic. Agreeable nursing home staff will have access to a survey (Qualtrics) accessing various aspects relating to the consequences of COVID-19. The survey will be open for a period of 1 month until which the participants will have the opportunity to complete the survey. Data from the surveys will then be collected and analyzed.The survey consists of a self-developed questionnaire along with the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The scale which was originally developed in 1983 by author Sheldon Cohen is one of the most widely used tools to measure the perception of stress. It has been used in studies assessing the stressfulness of situations and is widely available in the public domain [12].Type of study: Descriptive mixed method triangulation design studySubjects: Healthcare staff with direct patient careInclusion criteria:1. Geriatric Nursing home staff in Lubbock, TX2. Staff agreeable to participate in survey regardless of color, creed, age or sex.3. Staff in direct contact with patients (Nursing and Physicians)Exclusion criteria:1. Ancillary staff not involved in direct patient care2. Staff who refuse to give voluntary consent to participate in surveyDesign: This will be a descriptive, mixed method triangulation design studyutilizing an online, self-administered survey tool created using Qualtrics platform. An information sheet explaining the research project will be given to the nursing home staff. It will include: participation is completely voluntary, that participation will not affect their employment in anyway, and their employer will not have access to the results. It will also explain that by submitting an anonymous survey they are agreeing to take part in the research study. The survey questions will gauge mental health impact on staff and their perspectives on the impact on patients and their own mental health. The survey will contain a mix of 10 close- and open-ended questions.ResultsOutcomes: To determine the impact of COVID-19 on nursing home staff mental health and gather information that may be utilized to create measures to better deliver care in nursing homes.Survey will be sent to 40 members with an expected response rate of about 20 percent and possibly higher.Results will be available by March 2020 for further analysis and distribution.ConclusionsUltimately, COVID-19 has taught painful lessons in the difficulties of isolating the elderly. The need for controlling infection may come at a high cost to the mental health and well-being of patients and staff, which is a critical public health issue. We hope that the results of this study will help us better understand the challenges geriatric nursing facilities have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and help us develop better strategies for similar threats in the future.FundingNo funding was obtained for the purposes of this study

Artistic Freedom or Animal Cruelty? Contemporary Visual Art Practice That Involves Live and Deceased Animals.

Simple SummaryThis paper examines a selection of 21st-century international examples of exhibited visual artworks involving live or deceased animals. It seeks to reveal the risks and benefits of unique encounters with animals through art and to consider the ethical implications of artwork deploying animals. Australian and international animal protection laws are not explicit when it comes to the sourcing of animals for art nor for the direct inclusion of animals in artworks. This lack leads to a variety of artistic practices; some considered ethical while others are viewed as controversial, bordering on animal cruelty. Recommendations of how to better determine what is the acceptable use of animals in art with a view to informing legal guidelines and artistic best practice are presented.This paper examines a selection of 21st-century international examples of exhibited visual artworks involving live or deceased animals. It seeks to reveal the risks and benefits of unique encounters with animals through art and to consider the ethical implications of artwork deploying animals. Australian and international animal protection laws are not explicit when it comes to the sourcing of animals for art nor for the direct inclusion of animals in artworks. This lack leads to a variety of artistic practices, some considered ethical while others are viewed as controversial, bordering on animal cruelty. Artwork selection is determined by a focus on high-profile artists who intentionally use animals in their practice and whose reputation has been fostered by this intention. The study provides insight into how the intentional use of ethically sourced animals within art practice can be a method of addressing hierarchal human–animal imbalances. Further, this study identifies unethical practices that may be best avoided regardless of the pro-animal political statements the artists put forward. Recommendations of how to better determine what is an acceptable use of animals in art with a view to informing legal guidelines and artistic best practice are presented.

Comprehensive Restoration of the Workable Technical Condition of Expanded Clay Concrete Panels of Industrial Buildings with Moral and Physical Wear

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both Purpose of research is determining the category of technical condition of building structures to assess the residual resource of industrial facilities and urban infrastructure. Development of a technical solution to the problem of a restoration of a workable technical condition of building envelopes, including the provision of mechanical and heat engineering requirements. During the engineering survey of the building located at Kursk region, significant defects and damages affecting the technical condition of the building envelope were revealed. According to the results of studies, some flaws were identified that need to be eliminated. The ways of solving the identified problems and defects associated with the building envelope are given and described to restore the building to its proper condition. During surveys of building structures, it is necessary to pay attention not only to strengthening building structures, but also to restoring the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and bringing them in conformity with the requirements of current regulatory documents. To accomplish this task, a reinforcement design has been developed that creates the necessary reinforcement and brings the thermal characteristics of the building envelope in accordance with modern requirements to ensure the necessary energy efficiency of the building envelope.

Dynamics of the isotope exchange reaction of D with H3 +, H2D+, and D2H.

We have measured the merged-beams rate coefficient for the titular isotope exchange reactions as a function of the relative collision energy in the range of ∼3 meV-10 eV. The results appear to scale with the number of available sites for deuteration. We have performed extensive theoretical calculations to characterize the zero-point energy corrected reaction path. Vibrationally adiabatic minimum energy paths were obtained using a combination of unrestricted quadratic configuration interaction of single and double excitations and internally contracted multireference configuration interaction calculations. The resulting barrier height, ranging from 68 meV to 89 meV, together with the various asymptotes that may be reached in the collision, was used in a classical over-the-barrier model. All competing endoergic reaction channels were taken into account using a flux reduction factor. This model reproduces all three experimental sets quite satisfactorily. In order to generate thermal rate coefficients down to 10 K, the internal excitation energy distribution of each H3 + isotopologue is evaluated level by level using available line lists and accurate spectroscopic parameters. Tunneling is accounted for by a direct inclusion of the exact quantum tunneling probability in the evaluation of the cross section. We derive a thermal rate coefficient of <1×10-12 cm3 s-1 for temperatures below 44 K, 86 K, and 139 K for the reaction of D with H3 +, H2D+, and D2H+, respectively, with tunneling effects included. The derived thermal rate coefficients exceed the ring polymer molecular dynamics prediction of Bulut et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 123, 8766 (2019)] at all temperatures.

PICCPED® MOBILE APPLICATION: PREVENTION OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN A PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER IN PEDIATRICS

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct a mobile application in the mobile-learning format that favors learning, offering support to the nurse's clinical reasoning and decision-making in the prevention of adverse events related to the peripherally inserted central catheter in pediatrics. Method: the construction of the mobile-learning technological production took place between 2016 and 2020, following seven steps that included the Contextualized Instructional Designer. The content of the application was based on current scientific evidence, with the inclusion of guidelines, international and national directives; and was elaborated grounded on Problem-Based Learning. The project team involved the participation of two content experts, a programmer, and two graphic designers. Results: the application consists of a pediatric clinical case, which gives rise to six other cases, exploring six catheter maintenance procedure. When presenting the cases, the user is encouraged to perform a clinical evaluation and make a decision about the problem raised. So, when the user correctly chooses the clinical issue, there is a message of congratulations and they are encouraged to continue their learning. In opposition, when the user answers incorrectly, the software shows the adverse event that can affect the patient and a new evaluation and decision-making are encouraged. At the end of each procedure, there is an animation of the correct technique for better assimilation of the constructed knowledge. Conclusion: this type of mobile-learning application allows for knowledge dissemination and assists safe care to children using the peripherally inserted central catheters.

Social Determinants of Health: Blatant to Subtle Modes

Health is no longer considered as absence of disease, rather it is studied from a biopsychosocial perspective. However, it is imperative to acknowledge and implement its study and practise into the social awareness. Health professionals from different arenas, at times, attempt to ignore the biological cause of ill health and attribute causalities only to psychosocial causes. On the other hand, often during the determination of policies and development of research designs, the socio-cultural aspects are ignored. There is a need of direct and purposive inclusion of scientific temper in many medical interventions and primary prevention programmes. While analysing variety of social causes and determinants of health, it can be seen that those factors make a direct and indirect contribution towards health explicitly explained in terms of blatant and subtle ways determining health. It points out the need for more elaborate research and health intervention programmes considering the various social determinants of health. The author has taken a personal view, perspective and observations with the help of scientific arguments.