Direct Construction Research Articles

Viewpoint on the functionalization of white phosphorus in China

Abstract Direct synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from white phosphorus represents a significant but challenging subject, especially in the context of ongoing efforts to comprehensively improve phosphorus-derived chemical industry driven by sustainability and safety concerns. China is the world's largest producer of white phosphorus, creating a significant demand for the green transformation of this crucial feedstock. This review provides an overview of advancements in white phosphorus activation by Chinese research teams, organized by the direct construction of P−C/N/O/S/M bonds from white phosphorus. Additionally, we offer some insights into prospective directions for the activation and transformation of white phosphorus in the future. This review paper aims to attract more researchers to engage in this area, stimulating follow-up exploration and fostering enduring advances.

Electrochemical Oxidative Sulfonylation-Azidation of Alkenes.

A novel electrochemical oxidative sulfonylation-azidation of alkenes is accomplished by using sulfonyl hydrazide and trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) for the one-pot and green synthesis of β-azidoarylsulfone, which involves the direct construction of new C-S and C-N bonds. Notably, neither exogenous oxidants/additives nor metal catalysts are required for this method. In addition, this electrochemical strategy features mild conditions and wide substrate scope and has been proved to be a radical pathway by mechanistic studies.

Image schemas and (point)-to-point event model for the macro-event

Abstract The macro-event is a fundamental concept in Talmyan motion event typology. A large literature has been documented concerning the status of a particular language in the two-way typology that he proposes, but relatively little literature focusing on the morphosyntactic dimension of the macro-event per se, let alone on the cognitive motivation of the macro-event. This article analyzes the types of macro-events expressed by directional complement constructions in Mandarin, and argues that the macro-events are image-schema-based. The simple image schemas give rise to a more complex three-event-semantic-model, termed (point)-to-point , or to be more particular, (point a)-to-point b, in which to represents the affecting or intervening event, point a represents the original state of point b, point b is the resulting event. point a is usually implied, not explicitly expressed, so it is put in brackets. This model has advantages over Talmy’s main event and co-event structure in that it can largely predict the meaning-form mapping, and explain more constructions. The findings have some implications for cognitive semantics: In grammar, languages generally prioritize the third event; the complex event model might be motivated by simple image schemas.

Construction of conservation laws for the Gardner equation, Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs equation, and Hirota–Satsuma equation

In this paper, two different methods for calculating the conservation laws are used, these are the direct construction of conservation laws and the conservation theorem proposed by Ibragimov. Using these two methods, we obtain the conservation laws of the Gardner equation, Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs equation and Hirota–Satsuma equation, respectively.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Tandem γ-C(sp2)-H Arylation and Cyclization for the Construction of Natural Product-Like Polycyclic Fused ortho-Quinone Scaffolds.

Here, we report a novel strategy for the direct construction of polycyclic fused ortho-quinone scaffolds through palladium(II)-catalyzed tandem γ-C(sp2)-H arylation and cyclization of arylglyoxals with aryl iodides. This transformation features unique tandem transient directing of γ-C(sp2)-H arylation and cyclization reaction mode, broad substrate scope, especially for the aromatic substrates containing oxygen and sulfur atoms, and avoiding the common issue of aromatization due to the construction of the hexatomic ring.

Most people's life satisfaction matches their personality traits: True correlations in multitrait, multirater, multisample data.

Despite numerous meta-analyses, the true extent to which life satisfaction reflects personality traits has remained unclear due to overreliance on a single method to assess both and insufficient attention to construct overlaps. Using data from three samples tested in different languages (Estonian, N = 20,886; Russian, N = 768; English, N = 600), we combined self- and informant-reports to estimate personality domains' and nuances' true correlations (rtrue) with general life satisfaction (LS) and satisfactions with eight life domains (DSs), while controlling for single-method and occasion-specific biases and random error, and avoiding direct construct overlaps. The associations replicated well across samples. The Big Five domains and nuances allowed predicting LS with accuracies up to rtrue ≈ .80-.90 in independent (sub)samples. Emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness correlated rtrue ≈ .30-.50 with LS, while its correlations with openness and agreeableness were small. At the nuances level, low LS was most strongly associated with feeling misunderstood, unexcited, indecisive, envious, bored, used, unable, and unrewarded (rtrue ≈ .40-.70). Supporting LS's construct validity, DSs had similar personality correlates among themselves and with LS, and an aggregated DS correlated rtrue ≈ .90 with LS. LS's approximately 10-year stability was rtrue = .70 and its longitudinal associations with personality traits mirrored cross-sectional ones. We conclude that without common measurement limitations, most people's life satisfaction is highly consistent with their personality traits, even across many years. So, satisfaction is usually shaped by these same relatively stable factors that shape personality traits more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Building strategic human capital resources: The effects of strategic entrepreneurship on employee recruitment and retention

ABSTRACT Although strategic entrepreneurship (SE) and strategic human capital are both crucial for competitive advantage, there is limited knowledge of how SE affects human capital levels within a firm. This study examines the relationship between SE and both employee recruitment and employee retention by drawing on an integrated framework of strategic human capital and incorporating a uniquely created direct construct for measuring SE’s complete domain. Results from survey data of 576 UK-based small- and medium-sized firms indicate that SE is positively related to both employee retention and recruitment. We document the moderating effects of corporate reputation and competitive intensity on those relations.

Multicomponent Reductive Coupling for Selective Access to Functional γ-Lactams by a Single-Atom Cobalt Catalyst.

Despite their significant importance to numerous fields, the difficulties in direct and diverse synthesis of α-hydroxy-γ-lactams pose substantial obstacles to their practical applications. Here, we designed a nitrogen and TiO2 co-doped graphitic carbon-supported material with atomically dispersed cobalt sites (CoSA-N/NC-TiO2), which was successfully applied as a multifunctional catalyst to establish a general method for direct construction of α-hydroxy-γ-lactams from cheap and abundant nitro(hetero)arenes, aldehydes, and H2O with alkynoates. The striking features of operational simplicity, broad substrate and functionality compatibility (>100 examples), high step and atom efficiency, good selectivity, and exceptional catalyst reusability highlight the practicality of this new catalytic transformation. Mechanistic studies reveal that the active CoN4 species and the dopants exhibit a synergistic effect on the formation of key acid-masked nitrones; their subsequent nucleophilic addition to the alkynoates followed by successive reduction, alkenyl hydration, and intramolecular ester ammonolysis delivers the desired products. In this work, the concept of reduction interruption leading to new reaction route will open a door to further develop useful transformations by rational catalyst design.

De Novo Design and Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: A "Rotor-Stator" Strategy.

Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs), which feature high electrical conductivity and large charge carrier mobility, hold great promise in electronics and optoelectronics. Nevertheless, the limited solubility of commonly used planar ligands inevitably brings challenges in synthesis and purification and causes laborious coordination conditions for screening. Moreover, most reported 2D c-MOFs are polycrystalline powders with relatively low crystallinity and irregular morphology, hindering the unveiling of the detailed structure-function relationship. Herein, we developed a "rotor-stator" molecular design strategy to construct 2D c-MOFs using a delicately designed nonplanar biscarbazole ligand (8OH-DCB). Benefiting from the special "rotor-stator" structure of the ligand, crystals of Cu-DCB-MOF were successfully prepared, allowing for the precise determination of their crystal structure. Interestingly, the crystals of Cu-DCB-MOF can be obtained in various organic solvents, indicating excellent solvent compatibility. The versatility of the "rotor-stator" molecular design strategy was further demonstrated by another two new ligands with a "rotor-stator" structure, and afford corresponding 2D c-MOF crystals (Cu-DCBT-MOF and Cu-DCBBT-MOF). The current work presents a facile approach toward the rational design and direct construction of highly crystalline 2D c-MOFs using nonplanar ligands.

Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Chiral Amines with Three Nonadjacent Stereocenters via Trifunctional Catalysis.

Pharmaceuticals and biologically active natural products usually contain multiple stereocenters. The development of catalytic asymmetric reactions for the direct construction of complex motifs containing three nonadjacent stereocenters is a particularly important and formidable challenge. In this paper, we report an unprecedented method for the direct asymmetric construction of complex chiral amines with 1,3,5- or 1,3,4-stereocenters from readily available achiral and racemic starting materials. The reaction was made possible by the development of highly efficient chiral ammonium catalysts that serve three distinct functions: promoting efficient kinetic resolution by chiral recognition of racemic electrophiles, promoting asymmetric C-C bond forming reactions by recognizing enantiotropic faces of achiral nucleophiles, and mediating a highly stereoselective protonation of carbanions. Using these trifunctional catalysts, the reaction of imines and tulipane derivatives proceeded in a highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective manner to produce synthetically useful yields of complex chiral amines. We believe that trifunctional catalysis can be applied in a variety of asymmetric transformations for the streamlined asymmetric synthesis of complex chiral molecules with multiple stereocenters.

Risks in the Educational Management of Ukraine during War and Post-war Development

Risk management is the main element of the management system in educational institutions. During the war and post-war development, the issue of identifying risks in educational management and assessing their impact on management decision-making takes on from a new perspective. This article analyzes recent studies and publications in the field of risks in educational management, covering both general and those that are specific to the management of educational institutions in tactical, strategic, and post-war horizons. The article also determines risk estimates and presents possible strategies and measures for responding to risk events. The material presented in the article is based on research conducted through interviews with experts. The respondents included middle and senior managers, as well as owners of educational institutions from eight cities and nine regions of Ukraine. In this study, risks were classified by scope and source of occurrence, which were categorized into external and internal risks. Three main groups were identified within external risks: political, economic, and social risks. Internal risks are divided into financial, technical, and managerial risks. A general analysis of expert assessments demonstrated the most and least likely risks and their impact on the management system of world institutions in Ukraine across three time intervals: now, during the war, and post-war reconstruction. Each time dimension is considered in detail, and the change in structure, priority and assessment of the impact of classified risks on the management system of educational institutions is analyzed. For each risk factor, the article provides recommendations on the response strategy and measures to ensure the leveling of the impact of the risk in the management of the educational institution. Special attention is paid to strategies and measures for responding to a risk event in post-war reconstruction, which will make it possible to achieve the set goals in the construction of new directions for the development of Ukrainian educational institutions within the framework of the current Concept of the Strategy of Post-War Reconstruction and Development of Ukraine.

A direct construction of cross z-complementary sequence sets with large set size

A direct construction of cross z-complementary sequence sets with large set size

New constructions for disjoint partial difference families and external partial difference families

AbstractRecently, new combinatorial structures called disjoint partial difference families (DPDFs) and external partial difference families (EPDFs) were introduced, which simultaneously generalize partial difference sets, disjoint difference families and external difference families, and have applications in information security. So far, all known construction methods have used cyclotomy in finite fields. We present the first noncyclotomic infinite families of DPDFs which are also EPDFs, in structures other than finite fields (in particular cyclic groups and nonabelian groups). As well as direct constructions, we present an approach to constructing DPDFs/EPDFs using relative difference sets (RDSs); as part of this, we demonstrate how the well‐known RDS result of Bose extends to a very natural construction for DPDFs and EPDFs.

A Direct Construction of ZCZ Sequences With Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

A Direct Construction of ZCZ Sequences With Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

Synthesis of New Highly Functionalized Quinolines via a Novel FeIII-Catalyzed Domino aza-Michael/Aldol/Aromatization Reaction

AbstractWe report the development of a straightforward, waste-reducing, environmentally friendly, FeIII-catalyzed domino aza-Michael/aldol/aromatization reaction in the presence of water to access high-value functionalized quinolines by using 2-aminobenzophenones and ethyl buta-2,3-dienoate as starting compounds. The tangible advantages, that is, the utilization of commercially available and/or easily accessible substrates, simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and application of water as a solvent, make this three-step domino process green and highly appealing for the direct construction of a wide variety of highly functionalized quinolines in up to 78% yield.

Direct Construction of C-Alkyl Glycosides from Non-Activated Olefins via Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)─C(sp3) Coupling Reaction.

Among C-glycosides, C-alkyl glycosides are significant building blocks for natural products and glycopeptides. However, research on efficient construction methods for C-alkyl glycosides remains relatively limited. Compared with Michael acceptors, non-activated olefins are more challenging substrates and have rarely been employed in the construction of C-glycosides. Here, a highly efficient and convenient approach for the synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides through a nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling reaction is presented. A distinctive feature of this method is its utilization of non-activated olefins as the anomeric radical acceptors for hydroalkylation, allowing for the direct formation of C-glycoside bonds in a single step. Furthermore, this method demonstrates excellent compatibility with a broad scope of highly reactive functional groups. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction proceeds via a free radical pathway, leading predominantly to the formation of products with α-configuration. Overall, this innovative methodology offers a versatile and practical approach for the synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides, offering new avenues for the production of intricate glycosides with potential applications in drug discovery and chemical biology.

Exploring the Structural Relationships of Microinteractions in Perception and Behavior by the Hedonic Motivation System Adoption Model

This study revisited the Hedonic Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) through the literature on microinteractions, accomplished the model structure expansion and intrinsic composition of microinteraction regarding relationship and logic combining, and collected 140 valid data points through questionnaire surveys. The results showed that using microinteractions is largely adapted to the hedonic motivation system adoption model. Perceived ease of use is the basis for the use of microinteractions, which affects the perception of hedonic and perceptual experience. The hedonic state encompasses multiple emotional categories, with pleasure and control as important mediators affecting the behavioral intention to use, immersion, and perceived usefulness to varying degrees. The findings emphasize the impact of perceptual experience on using microinteractions, extending the theoretical structure and clarifying that “familiarity” of experience should be considered in interface design. These findings provide a basis for the theoretical construction of interface microinteractions and directions for future design practices.

Blue-Light Irradiated Mn(0)-Catalyzed Hydroxylation and C(sp3 )-H Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes with C(sp2 )-H Bonds of Quinones for Alkylated Hydroxy Quinones and Parvaquone.

Site-selective C(sp3 )-H functionalization of unreactive hydrocarbons is always challenging due to its inherited chemical inertness, slightly different reactivity of various C-H bonds, and intrinsically high bond dissociation energies. Here, a site-selective C-H alkylation of naphthoquinone with unactivated hydrocarbons using Mn2 (CO)10 as a catalyst under blue-light (457 nm) irradiation without any external acid or base and pre-functionalization is presented. The selective C-H functionalization of tertiary over secondary and secondary over primary C(sp3 )-H bonds in abundant chemical feedstocks was achieved, and hydroxylation of quinones was realized in situ by employing the developed methodology. This protocol provides a new catalytic system for the direct construction of high-value-added compounds, namely, parvaquone (a commercially available drug used to treat theileriosis) and its derivatives under ambient reaction conditions. Moreover, this operationally simple protocol applies to various linear-, branched-, and cyclo-alkanes with high degrees of site selectivity under blue-light irradiated conditions and could provide rapid and straightforward access to versatile methodologies for upgrading feedstock chemicals. Mechanistic insight by radical trapping, radical scavenging, EPR, and other controlled experiments well corroborated with DFT studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by a radical pathway.

ENTREVISTA COM MARIA HELENA SOUZA PATTO

ABSTRACT This present text aims to share an interview with Maria Helena Souza Patto, a brazilian psychologist recognized as one of the main references in the theoretical-conceptual and methodological field of Educational and School Psychology towards the construction of critical perspective. A retired professor at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, Maria Helena Souza Patto is the author of many books, articles and book chapters in Psychology and education. Her book ‘The production of school failure: histories of submission and rebellion’, a work that won the award in 1995, as the most relevant book for the area granted by APEOESP São Paulo/SP, which marks a break with traditional School and Educational Psychology, towards to the construction of new directions in the area. Although the interview took place 23 years ago, in 2001, its actuality is unveiled throughout the conversation, and many of the reflections there are essential to guide Psychology and Education professionals in the current context, especially to Psychologists whom work in the basic education network, an area that tends to grow in Brazil with the approval of Law 13935/2019. Initially, some biographical and bibliographic data of Professor Maria Helena are retrieved and then, the edited interview is presented, in collaboration with the author herself. With the publication of this historic interview, we hope to reiterate the relevance of Professor Maria Helena de Souza Patto to the Education and Psychology area, as well as highlight the aspects discussed during the interview.

Research on Horizontal Directional Drilling Scheme for Large Cross Section Submarine Cable Crossing Hard Rock

With the increasing number of submarine cable projects, the terrain and geological conditions of the landing section are becoming increasingly complex, and the traditional implementation of trench burial is becoming increasingly difficult. A landing construction plan for large-section power cables suitable for steep terrain and rugged rock formations is studied and proposed based on sorting out existing submarine cable landing plans. Using directional drilling construction machinery ideal for rock formations, natural cable protection pipes are formed in rock formations after dragging and expanding the holes, meeting submarine cable protection’s safety and economic requirements. In the climbing section of the submarine cable from the seabed to the rock hole, measures such as bottom sandbag raising and top rock throwing security are adopted to avoid vortex-induced vibration and erosion caused by the cable hanging in the climbing section. The construction plan of the directional drilling passage through hard rock and the construction and protection plan of the submarine cable do not affect the current situation of the existing coastal reefs and can effectively protect the submarine cable from external damage, achieving green and environmentally friendly construction.