Direct Compression Research Articles

Crush syndrome-related acute kidney injury in earthquake victims

ABSTRACT Natural disasters are unpredictable and thousands of people are affected yearly. Currently, this risk persists, given the large population living in risk areas prone to suffering another seismic event. Generally, on-site mortality is high and occurs immediately from massive trauma or asphyxia. After surviving the first event, extricated patients are at risk of developing crush syndrome caused by direct physical trauma and compression of the human body with lesions in different tissues. This could lead to several systemic complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bleeding, hypovolemic shock, arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hence, AKI in this scenario can occur due to many causes, such as rhabdomyolysis, direct renal trauma, hypovolemia and hemodynamic alterations. The most important measure to reduce crush syndrome mortality and prevent the development of crush syndrome-related AKI in disaster situations is the immediate start of treatment. Nevertheless, despite optimal therapy delivery, these previous efforts might not suffice the development and progression of AKI, consequently, the indication of extracorporeal blood purification techniques. This narrative review provides a focused overview of crush syndrome-related AKI, including etiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, current treatment, removal of myoglobin and their limitations.

The Strain State Analysis of 4-component Borehole Strainmeter Observations in Sichuan-Yunnan Region

Analysis of nearly a decade of crustal strain changes state after the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake by using 4-component borehole strain observation data, and combined with the tectonic stress field, this paper studied the regional stress and strain variation characteristics and dynamics. The results show that the main compressive strain direction of the 4-component borehole strain observation is approximately the same as that of tectonic stress field. However, there are also some regional inconsistencies, which should be related to regional structural features.

Scaling up and evaluation of Dyphylline controlled release matrix tablets

The aim of the current study was to scale up controlled release matrix tablets of Dyphylline, used for the management of various respiratory conditions such as asthma, cardiac dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The tablets were scaled up to 3500 tablets scale then the optimized formulations were further scaled up to 35000 tablets. Tablets were manufactured using direct compression, wet granulation, and hot melt methods. The prepared tablets were evaluated for Hardness, Friability, content uniformity, in-vitro drug release, and stability study. The results obtained showed that the ten prepared tablets showed accepted values for the hardness, friability, and content uniformity tests. The formulations showed controlled drug release profiles with high similarity to our target release profile (f values ranged from 63.9 to 84.9). The release profiles showed a better fit to zero order than diffusion model. The Exponent n of Korsmeyer-Peppas model ranged from 0.67 to 0.692 indicating non-Fickian diffusion. The stability study indicating good stability of the selected formulation. All these results concluded that formulation prepared by wet granulation can be manufactured on large scale perfectly.

Thermal energy storage characteristics of carbon-based phase change composites for photo-thermal conversion

Capture and utilization of solar energy using phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively answer the challenge of solar intermittency. However, the flaws of low thermal conductivity and poor thermal stability of PCMs limit their practical applications, and the selective absorption of solar energy also hinders it to achieve high photo-thermal conversion. In this work, a novel PCM was synthesized by adding expanded graphite and olefin block copolymers blended within paraffin wax. Enhanced thermal conductivities were realized that a 17.12 W/(m·K) in the vertical compression direction and 4.71 W/(m·K) in the parallel compression direction, which were 68.48 and 18.84 times in contrast to that of raw paraffin wax. A maximum solar absorptance of 97.47 % was achieved, and the photo-thermal conversion and energy storage capacity in the vertical compression direction were superior using the novel PCM. With the increase in light intensity, this PCM completed phase transition faster, reached a higher equilibrium temperature, and exhibited an outstanding thermal stability and cyclic stability within the assisted electron conductivity. Additionally, commercial software was also used to simulate thermoelectric applications of the PCM in real-world settings. This study provides new ideas for preparation and solar-thermal applications of anisotropic carbon-based PCMs.

The Effect Of Increasing Concentrations Of Sodium Saccharin As Sweetener On Physical Properties Of Salbutamol Dispersible Tablet With Mannitol As Filler

Salbutamol one of asthma medicine which can be made in to dispersible tablet with the addition of sodium saccharin as sweetener. This study aimed to determine effect of increasing concentration of sodium saccharin as sweetener on physical properties and patient acceptabelity of the tablet. The tablet was made into 5 formulas with the 0% of sodium saccharin concentration as Formula 1, 0.2% as Formula 2, 0.4% as Formula 3, 0.6% as Formula 4, and 0.8% as Formula 5. The tablet made by direct compression method. The evaluation of granule including flow time test, angle of repose, and compressibility test. The tablet evaluation including organoleptic, weight uniformity, size uniformity, friability, hardness, wetting time, disintegration time, content uniformity, and hedonic test. The results of the physial properties were the hardness F1 until F5 subsequently 1.70, 1.54, 2.48, 2.67, and 2.73 Kp; the disintegration time F1 until F5 subsquently 55.67, 56.67, 56.67, 57.00, and 58.00 seconds; the friability test 1.09, 1.98, 0.77, 0.65, and 0.63%. The results showed that there were significant differences among all the formulas. It could be concluded that increasing concentration of sodium saccharin as sweetener in salbutamol dispersible tablet increase physical properties and could be made as preferable and acceptable tablet.

Effect of Lubricants on Properties of Conventional Tablets of Antihypertensive Drugs from Different Biopharmaceutical Classification System

Background: Hypertension is a long-term medical condition in which blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Hypertension causes coronary artery disease, stroke, heartfailure; kidney diseases etc.to over come hypertension, antihypertensive drugs are used. Objectives: The aim of present work was to find out effectsof lubricants on properties of conventionaltablets containing antihypertensive drugs from different BCS class. Antihypertensive drugs suchas Metoprolol succinate, and Atenolol were selected which represented BCS class I, and II respectively. Methods: Lubricants are the essential components of all solid dosage forms. Sodium stearyl fumarate, a hydrophilic lubricant was compared with Magnesium stearate,a conventional hydrophobic lubricant. Uncoatedtabletswereprepared either by direct compression or wet granulation technique employing sodium stearyl fumarate or magnesium stearate as a lubricant at 1% or 2%, mixing time of lubricants was varied as 3 and 6mins. Results: Irrespective of class of drug, concentration, mixing time and processing method sodium stearyl fumarate turned out to be effective as tablet lubricant than Magnesium stearate. Both the Lubricants, when used at lower concentration and shorter mixing time resulted in superior tablets properties.Direc tcompression method gave better results than wet granulation technique. Both Sodium stearyl fumarate and Magnesium stearate (1%, 3min) were subjected to storage at400± 20C/ 75% RH for 90 days to check effect of aging and storage. Conclusion: According to at the end of storage period up on investigating for different tablet properties there were no significan tchanges observed.

Multiple compression directions and basinal response in a rhomb-shaped terrestrial basin: The Cuevas de Cañart syncline (Iberian Chain, eastern Spain)

Rhomb-shaped basins have been commonly attributed to strike-slip tectonics, linked to fault bends and jogs (pull-apart basins). The case-study presented in this work (Las Cuevas de Cañart basin, Iberian Chain) is a 2 km × 5 km continental basin that shows a particular combination of geometric and sedimentary features. It shows a syncline geometry with steeply-dipping limbs, thickness of syn-tectonic sedimentary continental filling of about 1000 m, high amplitude/wavelength ratio, and different fold trends, some of them oblique to the main trend of the Iberian Chain. All these features make it an interesting case of a mixed-type basin, sharing both compressional and strike-slip features. The Cuevas de Cañart basin shows a Mesozoic, pre-compressional sequence linked to the extensional processes dominating in the marginal zones of the Maestrazgo basin, with a series up to 1500 m thick of limestones, sandstones and shales. These units overlie a detachment level (Upper Triassic Keuper facies) and show thickness variations controlled by NW-SE and NE-SW striking normal faults. During the Cenozoic compression, both fault systems were re-activated, and newly formed E-W folds (perpendicular to one of the dominant shortening directions) also appeared in the southern basin margin. The detailed structural study of this basin evidences the role of different types of structures (basement faults, thrusts formed under different compression directions) and the relevance of the detachment level in the evolution of compressional basins and thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Anticancer Chewing Gum

The objective of the present study is the formulation and evaluation of herbal anticancer Chewing gum. Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the body. With emerging trends in herbal medicine and complementary alternative medicine, India is considered one of the world's largest producers of herbal medicine. Many plants and their products have anticancer agents. Ginger is considered an important spice with many clinical potential activities. Ginger and its compounds display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimetastatic, and anticancer activity. The anticancer activity of ginger components is reviewed in this article due to its versatile therapeutic nature. The medicated chewing gum of gingerol was prepared by direct compression mold method. Five formulations were selected for study which was showing good physicochemical properties and drug release. Formulations were characterized for physical evaluation, weight variation, stickiness, hardness/plasticity, in vitro drug release, estimation of chewing gum consistency, and drug release study in saliva. All the formulations showed satisfactory results in physical evaluation, weight variation, stickiness, and hardness. The formulation medicated chewing gum 2 (F2 Batch) showed the best in-vitro drug release of 96% in 30 min and it is also accepted by people. Drug release in saliva also indicated that more than 50% of drug release occurs within 15 min. Medicated Chewing Gum is cost-effective and also shows better compliance with an increase in bioavailability.

Formulation and Evaluation of Nifedipine Bilayer Floating Tablets

In the present investigation concern, the formulation and evaluation of bilayer floating tablet of Nifedipine which after an oral administration increase gastric residence time, to increase the bioavailability. Nifedipine is the Calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type which used in angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a half-life of 2-4hours and bioavailability of 45-56%. It is advantageous to formulate bilayer floating tablet of Nifedipine helps to increase bioavailability, reduce dosing frequency, and reach maximum plasma concentration rapidly. Bilayer floating tablets comprised of two layers, immediate and sustain release layers. The immediate release layer is comprised of super disintegrating agent Karaya gum, and sustain release layer comprised of low density release retardant polymers like HPMC K4M and Guar gum; and sodium bicarbonate and citric acid gas generating agents. The prepared powder mixtures were subjected to FT-IR for all interaction. The tablets were prepared by direct compression. First, the powder blends of sustained release layer was pre-compressed and then powder blends of immediate release layer was added. Hardness, friability, drug content, floating lag time, total floating time, swelling index and in-vitro drug release were evaluated. In the present study, it was found that formulation F4 containing HPMC K4M and Guar gum in the ratio of 2:1 showed maximum drug release. The release data were adjusted to various mathematical models such as Higuchi, 1st order and zero order to evaluate the kinetics and mechanisms of the drug release and it was best suited for the Higuchi model. There were no notable changes in stability studies.

Formulation of Pharmaceutical Tablets Containing β-Cyclodextrin-4-Methyl-Umbelliferone (Hymecromone) Inclusion Complexes and Study of the Dissolution Kinetics

The present study focuses on the synthesis of the natural product 4-methyl-umbelliferone (4-MU, hymecromone), the preparation, characterization, and biological activity evaluation of 4-MU inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), as well as their incorporation into pharmaceutical tablets. The inclusion complexes (ICs) were characterized using DLS, SEM, TGA as well as FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopies. The release profile of 4-MU from the β-CD-4-MU ICs was studied in three different pH: 1.2 (aqueous hydrochloric acid), 7.4, and 6.8 (phosphate-buffered solutions), to simulate the stomach, physiological, and intestine pH, respectively. The ICs were incorporated in pharmaceutical tablets which were prepared by direct compression and were characterized for their mechanical properties. The optimal composition of 4-MU as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients was determined using design of experiment (DoE), and the dissolution studies were performed at pH 1.2 at 37 ± 0.5 °C. The sustained release profile of the pharmaceutical tablets showed a delayed burst release effect at 20 min (20% drug release) compared to that of the ICs at the same time interval (70%). The results indicated that the kinetic model describing the release profile of 4-MU from the ICs and tablets is the Higuchi model, while the release mechanism is swelling and diffusion, as was indicated by the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The optimization analysis revealed that the optimum composition contains x1 = 150.95 mg of β-CD-4-MU ICs, x2 = 82.65 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, and x3 = 12.40 mg of calcium phosphate.

Induction of ice VII structure with secondary shock compression by backward Raman scattering in plasmas

Forward stimulated Raman scattering and backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) are measured when an intense 532 nm nanosecond pulsed laser is focused into water and heavy water. The investigation reveals a significant observation: the formation of the ice VII structure exclusively occurs in the backward direction when optical breakdown takes place, provided that the input energy falls below 90 mJ for liquid water or 75 mJ for heavy water. This phase transition is attributed to secondary shock compression, which comes from energy transfer and compression between the BSRS in plasmas with the pump laser. The optical breakdown experiment under pre-pressure reveals that the shock compression in the back direction is approximately 2.3 times that of the forward direction. This research is useful for shock compression and dynamics in plasmas.

Preliminary application of recombinase -aided amplification in detection of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish

To evaluate the performance of recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay in detection of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish samples, so as to provide insights into standardization and field application of this assay. Wild freshwater fish samples were collected in the rivers of administrative villages where C. sinensis-infected residents lived in Jiangyan District, Xinghua County and Taixing County of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province from June to September 2022. Genomic DNA was extracted from six freshwater fish specimens (5 g each) containing 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 C. sinensis metacercariae for fluorescent RAA assay, and the diagnostic sensitivity was evaluated. Fluorescent RAA assay was performed with genomic DNA from C. sinensis, Metorchis orientalis, Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae as templates to evaluate its cross-reactions. In addition, the detection of fluorescent RAA assay and direct compression method for C. sinensis metacercariae was compared in field-collected freshwater fish samples. Positive amplification was found in fresh-water fish specimens containing different numbers of C. sinensis metacercariae, and fluorescent RAA assay was effective to detect one C. sinensis metacercaria in 5 g freshwater fish specimens within 20 min. Fluorescent RAA assay tested negative for DNA from M. orientalis, H. pumilio and C. formosanus metacercariae. Fluorescent RAA assay and direct compression method showed 5.36% (93/1 735) and 2.88% (50/1 735) detection rates for C. sinensis metacercariae in 1 735 field-collected freshwater fish samples, with a statistically significant difference seen (χ2 = 478.150, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in different species of freshwater fish by both the direct compression method (χ2 = 11.20, P < 0.05) and fluorescent RAA assay (χ2 = 20.26, P < 0.001), and the detection of C. sinensis metacercariae was higher in Pseudorasbora parva than in other fish species by both the direct compression method and fluorescent RAA assay (both P values < 0.05). Fluorescent RAA assay has a high sensitivity for detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish samples, and has no cross-reactions with M. orientalis, H. pumilio or C. formosanus metacercariae. Fluorescent RAA assay shows a higher accuracy for detection of C. sinensis infections in field-collected freshwater fish than the direct compression method.

Fabrication, oxidation and creep behavior of Ti2AlN composites

In order to enhance the limited information on elevated temperature stability of MAX phase materials, Ti2AlN MAX phase composites were fabricated in a two-step procedure and subsequently tested regarding their oxidation and creep behavior. Furthermore, commentary testing on material enhanced with different amount of Al2O3 fibers was performed. The compressive creep was investigated in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C under stresses ranging from 20 to 100 MPa, with a loading direction parallel and perpendicular to the compression direction during sintering. The oxidation behavior was characterized, demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance of the samples up to 1200 °C. Supported by microstructural investigations, the impact of the texturing of the matrix grains, the content and the orientation of Al2O3 fibers, as well as that of the interfaces between matrix grains and the Al2O3 fibers were investigated. De-cohesion and cracks formed at the triple junctions of the MAX phase grains indicate grain boundary sliding as predominant creep mechanism for the composites.

Technology Criteria for the Manufacturing of Rebamipide Film-coated Tablets

Introduction. The current growth of the pharmaceutical market and stiff competition require from drug manufacturers make a more detailed and thorough fine-tuning of existing production lines. Direct compression technology is a modern and cost-effective technology for solid dosage form drug manufacturing. Roll-compaction tehnology (dry granulation) can be an alternative approach to optimize the manufacturing of formulations, for which the use of wet granulation or direct compression technologies is not possible due to their physical and chemical properties.Aim. The goal of this work is to investigate the possibility of manufacturing Rebamipide tablets by using direct compression technology and dry granulation technology (roll-compaction), avoiding such complicated and more ex-pensive technology as wet granulation. Also aim of this work is study the impact of production methods on such quality factors as disintegration and dis-solution time.Materials and methods. In this study were used such materials as Rebamipide substance (α-[(4-Chlorobenzoyl)amino]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-quinolinepropanoic acid) (experimental sample), MCC-102 (J. Rettenmaier &amp; Söhne (JRS), Germany), Starch pregelatinized (Colorcon LTD., England), Kollidone SR (BASF, Germany), Croscarmellose sodium (J. Rettenmaier &amp; Söhne (JRS), Germany), Anhydrous citric acid (Scharlau), Sodium lauryl sulfate (BASF, Germany), Aerosil 200 vv Pharma (Evonik Industries AG, Germany), Sodium stearyl fumarate (J. Rettenmaier &amp; Söhne (JRS), Germany), Calcium stearate (FACI, Italy), Film coating VIVACOAT® PA-1P-000 (J. Rettenmaier &amp; Söhne (JRS), Germany). Also were used such equipment as Y shape blender («AZT FARMA K.B.», Russia), roll compactor LGC100 (Beijing Gylongli Automation Tech. Co., Ltd, China), rotary tablet press PG16G (Beijing Gylongli Automation Tech. Co., Ltd, China), tablet coating system Labcoat™ M (O'Hara Technologies lnc, Canada), ionising air gun Simco Cobra (SimcoIon, Netherlands), flowability tester ERWEKA GT (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany), powder density tester ERWEKA SVM 122 (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany), vibrating sieve CISA RP 200N (CISA Cedaceria Industrial S.L., Spain), tablet hardness, thickness and height tester SOTAX HT 10 (SOTAX AG, Switzerland), dissolution tester DT 626/1000HH (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) and disintegration tester ZT321 (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany).Results and discussion. In a series of experiments were obtained tablet’s cores and film coated tablets by direct compression and roll-compaction methods. Experimentally it was found, that in tablets with similar formulations roller compaction technology provides slower disintegration and dissolution time, compared to direct compression method. This fact should be taken into account during drug development when planning the rate of release of the active ingredient.Conclusion. As a result of the experiments it was shown a direct correlation between the use of a certain technology and its impact in such quality indicators as disintegration and dissolution time of tablets. It was also found that dry granulation technology provides a more technologically suitable tablet mass.

Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump adequate blood to the body, which afflicts over 60 million people worldwide. Its treatment options include physiotherapy, medication, mechanical heart support, heart surgery, or heart transplantation. Ventricular assist devices have direct blood contact while passive ventricular constraint devices have only modest therapeutic efficacy. Current direct cardiac compression devices are either bulky, require noisy driving pneumatic sources, or are unable to mimic the natural heart motion. This study introduces a robotic cardiac compression device made of soft artificial muscle filaments that can simultaneously produce radial, axial, and torsional movements, potentially augmenting the pumping function of a failing heart. An empirical model is developed to describe the device motion and an artificial pericardium is employed to enable uniform force distribution to the heart and real‐time pressure sensing. The proposed device could deliver a stroke volume of 70 mL at 15 beats per minute, or a cardiac output of 1.05 L min−1, and achieve a peak instantaneous flow rate of 2.8 L min−1 and an output pressure of 50 mmHg. The new devices are highly customizable and experimentally validated with fresh porcine heart. They are expected to inspire future development of nonblood‐contacting cardiac assist devices.

Investigations on Compaction Behavior of Kollidon®SR-Based Multi-component Directly Compressed Tablets for Preparation of Controlled Release Diclofenac Sodium.

The physics of tablets mixtures has gained much attention lately. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the compaction properties of Kollidon® SR (KSR) in the presence of different excipients such as Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Monohydrous lactose (MH Lactose), Poly (vinyl acetate) (PVA100), and a water-soluble drug Diclofenac sodium (DNa) to prepare once daily formulation. Tablets were prepared using direct compression and were compressed into flat-faced tablets using hydraulic press at various pressures. The combination of MCC and KSR in the tablets showed reduced porosity, and almost constant low Py values as KSR levels increased; also, KSR-DNa tablets had higher percentage porosity and crushing strength values than KSR-MH Lactose tablets. The crushing strengths of KSR-MCC tablets were larger than those of KSR-DNa tablets. Ternary mixture tablets comprised of KSR-MCC-DNa showed decreased porosities and low Py values as the percentage of KSR increased especially at high compression pressures but had higher crushing strengths compared to KSR-DNa or MCC-DNa binary tablets. KSR-MH Lactose-DNa ternary tablets experienced lower porosities and crushing strengths compared to KSR-MCC-DNa tablets. Quaternary tablets of KSR-PVA100-MCC-DNa showed lower porosity and Py values than quaternary tablets obtained using similar proportion of MH Lactose instead of MCC. In conclusion, optimum quaternary tablets were obtained with optimum crushing strengths, relatively low Py, and moderate percentage porosities among all prepared quaternary tablets. The drug release of the optimum quaternary tablets demonstrated similar in vitro release profile compared to that of the marketed product with a mechanism of release that follows Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

Development of Amlodipine Mini-tablets as a Polypill-component for the Personalized Therapy of Arterial Hypertension

Introduction. A personalized choice of antihypertensive combinations and doses is one of the promising trend in the field of combination therapy of arterial hypertension (AH). A polypill as a solid gelatin capsule with combination of mini-tablets can be used to realise this concept.Aim. Development of the composition and technology of Amlodipine 2,5 mg and 5 mg film-coated mini-tablets as a polypill-component for the personalized therapy of AH.Materials and methods. Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) Amlodipine besylate (Glochem Industries Private Ltd., India) and excipients, such as diluent, disintegrant, lubricant, dye and premix for film coating, were used. Norvasc®, 5 mg tablets were used as a reference drug to estimate the release profile of Amlodipine. API and excipients were mixed in a «drunken barrel» mixer DGN-II (Shanghai Unique Machinery Technology Co., Ltd., China); mini-tablets were obtained on a DP30A laboratory automatic single-punch tablet press (Beijing Gylongli Sci. &amp; Tech. Co., Ltd., China); film coatings on mini-tablets-cores were applied by using a BGB-1 laboratory machine (Chongqing Jinggong Pharmaceutical Machinery Co., Ltd., China). Assessment of technological characteristics of API and tablet mixtures and quality control of mini-tablets were conducted by the methods of State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV ed.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the optimal composition of the excipients of the fillers group (lactose monohydrate, MCC and anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1) for the production of Amlodipine 2,5 mg and 5 mg mini-tablets-cores by direct compression was established. The technology of applying film coatings was developed. The equivalence of the release profiles of Amlodipine from the developed mini-tablets to the release profile of the reference drug was established.Conclusion. The composition and technology of Amlodipine 2,5 mg and 5 mg film-coated mini-tablets as a polypill-component for the personalized therapy of AH were developed.

Solubility Enhancement of Lansoprazole by using Solid Dispersion Technique

In the existing study focused on the solubility enhancement of lansoprazole by using solid dispersion technique. Lansoprazole is proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Lansoprazole is used for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Lansoprazole is the Class II Drug of Biopharmaceutical Classification system. By using novel solid dispersion methods to enhance the oral solubility of poor water-soluble drug. Lansoprazole has the low solubility and high permeability. Hence to enhance the solubility of lansoprazole we prepared the Lansoprazole solid dispersion (SD) with PVP K30, Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and Poloxamer 407. Lansoprazoledissolving tablet were formulated using various superdisintegrants like Crospovidone and Sodium Starch Glycolate by Direct compression. The prepared the tablet is evaluated at various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content uniformity and In-vitro dissolution. The In-vitro Drug release study of solid dispersions SD6 show the high drug release around 98.93%. Overall, in the all formulations F12 which contains 6%, 3.75% and 10% of Crospovidone, SSG and MCC release the 98.93% drug is the best formulation.

Preparation and Optimization of Ivabradine Hydrochloride Mouth-Dissolving Tablet

The aim of the present work was the preparation and optimization of mouth-dissolving tablets (MDTs) of Ivabradine hydrochloride by using natural super disintegrants. The tablets were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose as diluent and aspartame as a sweetening agent along with Natural super disintegrants. The natural super disintegrants used in this study were Guar Gum and Banana powder. By using natural superdisintegrants we had saved the environment and protected our bodies from the harmful effect of synthetic superdisintegrants. The tablet was prepared by the direct compression method. The 6mm of punch was used and the tablet weight is 110 mg. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time (DT), and dissolution study. Different concentration of superdisintegrants was used in this formulation as 6%, 8%, and 10%. The three batches of guar gum and 3 batches of banana powder were prepared i.e., a Total of six batches were prepared. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the tablet formulation prepared with 10% banana powder i.e., 10 mg showed fast and higher drug release (98.66%) during in vitro dissolution study. Also, the hardness, friability, dissolution rate, and assay of prepared tablets (batch F6) were found to be acceptable according to standard limits. The result was the F6 batch was optimized batch from all the batches.

Development of an adhesive tablet for the delivery of Diospyros villosa root for the treatment of oral cavity diseases

The Diospyros villosa root extract (DVR) has the potential to treat oral cavity diseases (DOC), as confirmed by its frequent use as a toothbrush among Mozambicans. In the present work, a tablet with adhesive properties was developed with properties that have the potential to overcome the expected difficulties in delivering the drug into the oral cavity. The chemical profile of the extract marker secondary metabolites was established by TLC and LC-UV/DAD, and the quantification of its main classes was performed by UV and IR spectrophotometries. The size of the particles of the extract was determined by laser diffractometry. The tablets manufactured were evaluated to confirm the extract chemical stability based on the major marker secondary metabolite profile, throughout processing (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR) and their performance based on adhesion forces (i.e., force required to remove a tablet from a flat surface) and for their ability to release the main marker secondary metabolites (dissolution test). The study has shown that the use of colloidal silica in the preparation of the extract delivered a powder containing particles with improved flow and by adding an adhesive polyacrylic acid derivative to the composite extract particles it was possible to obtain a blend enabling the manufacture of adhesive tablets by direct compression. Overall, the study demonstrated the ability to produce DVR-containing adhesive tablets for buccal use against DOC.