Design Of Dipole Antenna Research Articles

Application of Resonant Modal Theory to the Design of Dual-Band Wideband Dipole Antenna

Application of Resonant Modal Theory to the Design of Dual-Band Wideband Dipole Antenna

INVESTIGATION OF BROADER BANDWIDTH ELLIPTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR 5G, KU AND KA-BAND APPLICATIONS: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT EFFECTS

This study presents an examination of the design and evaluation process of an elliptical dipole antenna operating at the design frequency of 5 GHz. Initially based on conventional dipole antenna principles, the antenna's design is iteratively refined through bandwidth enhancement techniques, resulting in the emergence of ultra-wideband characteristics. Notably, the modified antenna design features a distinctive notch band spanning from 4.21 to 10.06 GHz, positioning it as a versatile solution suitable for applications across the mid-band of 5G, as well as the full Ku and partial Ka bands, encompassing frequencies from 27 GHz to 31 GHz. Furthermore, this study investigates the impact of varying dielectric constants on antenna parameters, shedding light on a critical aspect often overlooked in conventional dipole antenna calculations. Through systematic analysis, it is revealed that a dielectric constant of 4.3, aligned with the commonly used low-cost epoxy-based FR-4 material, yields optimal performance. While higher dielectric constants broaden the antenna's characteristics, lower values are found to enhance communication efficiency, thus offering potential benefits in terms of power consumption and cost savings. The detailed examination and findings presented in this study enrich the understanding of antenna design principles and provide valuable guidance for future research and practical applications in the field of wireless communication and antenna engineering.

Design of Non-Planar Dipole Antenna for Enhanced Resonant Frequency Reduction

Design of Non-Planar Dipole Antenna for Enhanced Resonant Frequency Reduction

Design of Dipole Antenna at 433 Mhz ISM Band for Underwater to Land Communication

In this research has been designed dipole antenna which is intended for communication underwater to land that worked and implemented into prototype form. Design using the software Ansoft High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) v13 and analyze parameters which are generated in simulation results, namely the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), reflection coefficient (S11), the radiation pattern of two-dimensional and three-dimensional. On its design was made of two dipole antennas that can work in a system as a transmitter and receiver. Both of these Dipole antenna operating at ISM 433 MHz frequency band and produce VSWR = 1.62 at the transmitter antenna and = 1.406 on the receiving antenna. In addition, has been measured radiation patterns by antenna performance. From the results of radiation patterns measurements, obtained two pieces of Main Lobe in its field azimuth.

Проектирование двухдиапазонных антенн на основе возбудителя дипольного вида с концевым типом возбуждения

The project is aimed at the designing, based on a systematic approach to the design of antenna elements and systems, an algorithm for design of dual-band dipole antennas with non-traditional excitation. The ends-fed excitation technique, proposed in the work, makes it possible to space the central part of the substrate for placing additional radioelectronic components, and at the same time to reduce the electromagnetic interaction of the supply strips of the balun circuit. The proposed excitation technique allows designing new types of antenna, such as cardioid antenna, turnstile antenna, antenna array with principally different electrodynamic regimes. The parametric optimization algorithm for the thin-wire model, as well as the printed equivalent, is based on formal relationships for the input impedance and the generalized directivity function of the driver proposed. The corresponding closed-form expressions specify initial approximations of independent geometry parameters calculated for given central matching frequencies. The stated sequence of procedures allows, within the framework of a systematic approach, to determine the initial approximations of the geometric parameters of the driver. At subsequent design stages, the problem of pairing the driver and the matching-balun circuit is solved. Thus, the entire task is decomposed into independent computational blocks, simplifying and reducing computational costs.

Solar Radio Spectro-polarimeter (50–500 MHz). I. Design, Development, and Characterization of a Cross-polarized, Log-periodic Dipole Antenna

The Zeeman effect has been routinely used to image and quantify the solar photospheric magnetic field (B). Such a direct measuring technique is not yet available for the corona (Lin et al. 2004). Since almost all transient nonthermal radio emissions from the corona are either partially or fully circularly polarized, observing their polarization signatures over broad frequency ranges would be of help to estimate B as a function of heliocentric height. This article aims to describe the design and development of a Cross-polarized Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna (CLPDA), an integral part of a radio spectro-polarimeter, which works in the 50–500 MHz frequency-range and to explain the tests that were carried out to characterize it. The above frequency range corresponds to a heliocentric height range ≈1.03 < r < 2.5 R ⊙ (R ⊙ = photospheric radius), wherein the numerous coronal nonthermal transients associated with space-weather effects are observed to originate. The CLPDA is used to determine the strength and sense of polarization of the received radio signal. The uncertainty involved in the determination depends on the polarization-isolation (PI) between the two orthogonal components of a CLPDA. Some of the recent advancements made in the antenna design concepts at high frequencies (∼GHz) were adopted to reduce the PI at low frequencies (∼MHz). Throughout the above frequency range, the CLPDA has a gain, return loss, and PI of ≈6.6 dBi, ≲−10 dB, and ≲−27 dB, respectively. The average PI of the CLPDA varies from −30 to −24 dB over an azimuthal angle range 0° to ±45° within which the observations are performed regularly.

Design of High-Gain Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna by Loading a Magneto-Electric Dipole Director

A high-gain magneto-electric dipole (ME-Dipole) antenna has been designed by adding a ME-Dipole director on top of a conventional cavity-backed ME-Dipole antenna. The purpose of adding the ME-Dipole director is to significantly enhance the gain of the antenna. The proposed design has been both measured and simulated, with an average gain of 12.5 dBi and 12.4 dBi, respectively, demonstrating the design's high gain capabilities. Additionally, the measured and simulated impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) are 29.21% (1.90 GHz - 2.55 GHz) and 30.70% (1.93 GHz - 2.63 GHz), respectively, confirming the wideband nature of the design. Other outstanding performance metrics, such as low cross-polarization of - 25 dB and the stable antenna gain of 11.8 ± 1.7 dBi as measured and 12.0 ± 1 dBi as simulated, have also been observed in the current design.

Analysis and Design of Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Filtering Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna

A wideband dual-polarized millimeter-wave filtering magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna design is proposed based on a transmission line model with multiple open-circuited loads. Based on the transmission line theory, the input impedance of a quarter-wavelength open-circuited transmission line is zero. Thus, a transmission line terminated with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> open-circuited loads has <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> transmission zeros. Inspired by this conclusion, the proposed antenna structure is developed which consists of three parts: the microtrip feedlines, the ME-dipole radiator and a printed branch structure. The former three parts can be regarded as three open-circuited loads of an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -stub-loaded transmission line model while the last part is utilized for bandwidth improvement. By optimizing the length parameters of these three parts, three antenna radiation nulls can be generated as predicted. For verification, a dual-polarized antenna is implemented. Measurement results show that the proposed antenna has an operation bandwidth of 42.1% and an average realized gain of 7.5 dBi. In addition, it has three controllable radiation nulls and a better than 16 dB out-of-band suppression level. Above features make the proposed antenna a good candidate for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications.

A Damped Double Dipole Antenna for UHF RFID Sensing in the Frequency Domain

Ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags provide an inexpensive framework for distributed sensing, yet for the most cost-effective implementation, it is necessary to consider antenna design in concert with the capabilities of responsive materials that can be coupled to the tag response. Materials, such as functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been engineered to change in resistance when exposed to a variety of analytes and have been incorporated in RFID tags to create low-cost sensors that work at a fixed reader–tag separation distance. This article presents a damped double dipole antenna design enabling UHF RFID tags that are able to sense changes in resistance of a sensing element (with a conductivity similar to that of printed CNT networks) regardless of reader–tag distance within the far-field read range. Simulations of the proposed design show two methods of operation, either by comparing the damping between two resonant peaks or by shifting the resonant frequency of the RFID tag. The first method is validated experimentally with surface mount resistors, showing a relative change in the effective antenna transmission coefficient, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , of 0.2 for a 35% change in resistance of the sensing element.

Active manipulation of radiated fields by a magnetoplasmonic half-wave dipole nanoantenna.

We demonstrate a concept for the active manipulation of radiated fields by a magnetoplasmonic half-wave dipole nanoantenna. Our idea comprises a two arms nanoantenna, made of metallic ferromagnetic cobalt-silver alloy (Co6Ag94), inspired by the analogous radio frequency half-wave dipole antenna design. Numerical results, obtained under the magnetization saturation condition, indicate a tilting of the radiated beam depending on the magnitude and sense of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic material. Significantly, we obtained tilting angles as large as ±9.7∘ around the y axis for the magnetization placed along the x or z axes, respectively. Results in this work not only open up a new, to the best of our knowledge, way to dynamically manipulate the beam steering at the chip-scale, but also contribute to unveil novel magneto-optical effects at the nanoscale.

Wideband and Dual-Polarized Crossed Dipole Antenna Design Using Substrate-Integrated Coax

A wideband and dual-polarized dipole antenna design technique is presented. The proposed antenna employs two sets of dipole elements in orthogonal configuration and separated by a dielectric layer. The dipole elements are excited with two separate substrate-integrated-coaxial feeds to achieve high port-to-port isolation and the overall antenna stackup is enclosed in a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) cavity. To validate the proposed substrate-integrated-coaxial fed dual-polarized antenna design method, a prototype antenna was fabricated using standard multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing technologies to operate in the Ku-band. The measured and simulated results exhibit that the designed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of less than -10dB reflection coefficients at 10.28-14.8GHz and the port-to-port isolation between the two orthogonally polarized dipole antenna ports is greater than 20dB at most frequencies, making it suitable for many applications such as satellite communications. The antenna has a relatively stable gain pattern with a gain value of 5.5-6.5dBi and a low cross-polarization level (<16dB) over the operating frequency range.

Design of Wideband Dual-Polarized ME Dipole Antenna With Parasitic Elements and Improved Feed Structure

A wideband dual-polarized antenna is proposed for base station applications. The proposed antenna is composed of two folded and hollowed out magnetoelectric dipoles placed crosswise, as well as a box-shaped reflector, the overall size is 0.97λ × 0.97λ × 0.27λ. Two Γ-shaped probes with a gradual change in size are used to excite the antenna. By adding parasitic elements to the feeding structure and box-shaped reflector, wide operating bandwidth from 1.59 to 3.65 GHz is realized, where the standing wave ratio is less than 2 and the fractional bandwidth is up to 78.6%. Meanwhile, stable radiation pattern, high front-to-back ratio, and steady boresight gain can also be seen over the whole band. Prototype is fabricated and the measured results verify that the proposed antenna could be a competitive candidate in base station applications.

A Dual-Polarized Bandwidth Enhanced Filtering Dipole Antenna Design for 5G

A Dual-Polarized Bandwidth Enhanced Filtering Dipole Antenna Design for 5G

An Inline V-Band WR-15 Transition Using Antipodal Dipole Antenna as RF Energy Launcher @ 60 GHz for Satellite Applications

This article demonstrates the design and development of WR-15 transition using an antipodal microstrip dipole antenna at a frequency of 60 GHz for space applications. An inline microstrip line to rectangular waveguide (MS-to-RWG) transition is proposed for the V-band (50–75 GHz) functioning. The RF energy is coupled and launched through an antipodal dipole microstrip antenna. Impedance matching and mode matching between the MS line and dipole are achieved by a quarter wave impedance transformer. This results in the better performance of transitions in terms of insertion loss (IL &gt; −0.50 dB) and return loss (RL &lt; −10 dB) for a 40.76% relative bandwidth from 55.57 GHz to 65.76 GHz. The lowest values of IL and RL at 60 GHz are −0.09 dB and −32.05 dB, respectively. A 50 μm thick double-sided etched InP substrate material is used for microstrip antipodal dipole antenna design. A back-to-back designed transition has IL &gt; −0.70 dB and RL &lt; −10 dB from 54.29 GHz to 64.07 GHz. The inline transition design is simple in structure, easy to fabricate, robust, compact, and economic; occupies less space because the transition size is exactly equal to the WR-15 length; and is prepared using an InP substrate with high permittivity of 12.4 and thickness of 50 μm. Thus, the devices have the lowest insertion loss value and lowest return loss (RL) value, of &lt;−31 dB, as compared to earlier designs in the literature. Therefore, the proposed design has the lowest radiation loss (because of thickness) and highest transmission (about 97% power). Easy impedance matching using only a single-step quarter-wave transformer between the antipodal dipole antenna and 50 Ω microstrip line (avoiding the multi-sections’ demand and microstrip line’s tedious complexity) is needed. Since, when the InP dielectric substrate is inserted in WR-15, the waveguide becomes a dielectric-filled waveguide (DFWG), and its characteristics impedance reduces to 143 Ω from 505 Ω at an operating frequency of 60 GHz. In the proposed transition, no ridge waveguide or waveguide back-short is utilized in WR-15. The microstrip line did not contain any via, fence, window, screw, galvanic structure, post, etc. Hence, the transition is suitable for high-data-rate 5G communications, satellite remote sensing, missile navigation, MIC/MMIC circuits’ characterization, and mm-wave applications. The electrical equivalent model of the proposed design has been generated and validated using an RF circuit simulator and was found to have excellent matching.

Design of a Dual-Polarization Dipole Antenna for a Cylindrical Phased Array in Ku-Band

This paper proposes a dual-polarization dipole antenna for a cylindrical phased array working in Ku-band. The dipole antenna is double-layer structured and is composed of two orthogonal butterfly shaped dipole radiators, two ground co-planar waveguide (GCPW) feeding structures and vias. Each dipole is in the shape of a butterfly. The dipole patch is grooved triangularly and one side of it is bent into an N shape, which effectively expands the working frequency band of the antenna. The double-layer structure improves the isolation between the antenna ports. The antenna works between 15 GHz to 16.2 GHz and the isolation between the antenna’s two feeding ports in this band is better than 20 dB. The proposed dipole antenna is applied in a 32-element cylinder array. The simulation and measured results show that the array can scan between −60° to +60° in the azimuth plane with a gain fluctuation less than 2.5 dB. Therefore, the proposed design is an attractive candidate for conformal devices at Ku-band frequencies, and it also has a great potential for application in larger antenna arrays.

Miniaturization design of log periodic dipole antenna based on dovetail structure

Aiming at the problems of large size and small gain of log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) in high frequency (HF), this article introduces miniaturization technology to design a miniaturized HF broadband LPDA unit antenna with high gain. In this article, a dovetail structure is designed for LPDA to greatly reduces its transverse size, and adopts a larger scale factor and a smaller spacing factor to reduce its longitudinal size. The effects of scale factor, spacing factor, oscillator angle, parallel oscillator and erection height on the impedance characteristics and radiation performance of dovetail LPDA are studied. Finally, the feasibility of dovetail LPDA is verified by simulation and experiment, which shows that the proposed antenna size is only 7.92 × 15.52 m2, voltage standing wave ratio is less than 1.8, and gain is more than 11 dBi. The proposed dovetail LPDA has high gain, wide bandwidth, and small size, which can work independently and can also be used as the unit antenna of HF broadband antenna array.

The center-end-fed dipole-like antenna excited by the cross-like reentrant in-phase power divider

The modified center-end-fed dipole-like antenna, that is fed by a novel in-phase reentrant power divider/splitter, is dwelt on in this study. Two energized splitter ports provide appropriate radiation patterns. A whole antenna prototype was simulated through the full-wave solver ‘CST Studio Suite’ and successfully implemented. The measured results confirm the proposed approach. In particular, the input reflection coefficient is less than (−10)dB in the frequency range of 0.761–0.796 GHz. Contrary to the conventional dipole antenna design, the proposed one has additional degrees of freedom, and that paves the way for the next generation of linearly polarized radiators for communication systems.

Design of a Low-Profile Wideband Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna with Reduced Gain Drop

In this paper, a novel low-profile magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna with wideband is presented. The conventional vertical fixing structure is bended four times from the center to the sides. The Γ-shaped feeding structure is bended two times to lower the height of the antenna step by step. The effect of three kinds of vertical wall is discussed to show their influence on boresight gain. Through comparison, only one vertical wall is erected on the left side of the ground to decrease the boresight gain drop at 2.2 GHz. Both simulation and analysis are made to sufficiently explain the working principle. At last, the proposed ME dipole antenna has only 0.095λ0 (λ0 is the center operating wavelength in free space) in height, and the wideband property is still maintained. By simulation, the relative bandwidth for VSWR &lt; 2.0 is 47.9% (from 1.35 to 2.2 GHz). The boresight gain ranges from 8.1 to 9.6 dBi in the operating band. The measured relative bandwidth for VSWR &lt; 2.0 is 50.3% (from 1.34 to 2.24 GHz), and the boresight gain ranges from 7.38 to 8.73 dBi. The gain drop on boresight is less than 1.4 dBi. Radiation patterns show a unidirectional characteristic in the whole operating band. Additionally, the cross-polarization level is less than −25 dB on boresight. The simulating and measuring results agree well with each other. Therefore, the proposed antenna is suitable for applications of limited height and wideband.

Stretchable 3D Wideband Dipole Antennas from Mechanical Assembly for On-Body Communication.

The development of wearable/stretchable electronics could largely benefit from advanced stretchable antennas with excellent on-body performance upon mechanical deformations. Despite recent developments of stretchable antennas based on intrinsically stretchable conductors, they are often affected by lossy human tissues and exhibit resonant frequency shifts upon stretching, preventing their applications in on-body wireless communication and powering. This work reports a three-dimensional (3D) stretchable wideband dipole antenna from mechanical assembly to simultaneously reduce the frequency detuning and enhance on-body performance. The large bandwidth is achieved by coupling two resonances from two pairs of radiation arms, which is well-maintained even when the antenna is directly placed on human bodies or stretched over 25%. Such an excellent on-body performance allows the antenna to robustly transmit the wireless data and energy. The design of the 3D stretchable wideband dipole antenna with significantly enhanced on-body wireless communication performance was validated by an experimental demonstration that features a small difference in the wirelessly received power between the on-body and off-body use. The combination of the mechanically assembled 3D geometries and the coupled mechanical-electromagnetic properties can open up new opportunities in deformable 3D antennas and other microwave devices with excellent on-body performance and tunable properties.

A Compact Wideband Filtering Omnidirectional Dipole Antenna Without Extra Circuits

This article presents a design of a compact wideband filtering dipole antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. We analyze the radiation of three kinds of half-wavelength dipoles (strip, U-shaped strip, and folded strip). It is found that these three diploes produce omnidirectional radiation patterns when they work on half-wavelength mode. In the proposed design, we make these three dipoles couple with each other to achieve wide bandwidth. In addition, both electric coupling and magnetic coupling are observed at the lower band and the upper band, respectively. Therefore, two radiation nulls can be achieved without any extra circuit, which makes the proposed antenna filtering property and compact. A prototype is fabricated and measured to verify our idea. The results show that the proposed antenna has a 10 dB bandwidth of 42.51%, an in-band gain of ~2.4 dBi, and an out-of-band radiation suppression of more than 10 dB with a total size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0.4}{ {\lambda }}_{{0}}\,\,{\times }\,\, 0.06{ {\lambda }}_{{0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The above advantages of wide bandwidth, filtering property, small size, and easy fabrication make the proposed antenna have potential applications on various wireless communication systems.