Diol Molecules Research Articles

Precision engineering of nano-assemblies in superfluid helium by the use of van der Waals forces

The ability to precisely engineer nanostructures underpins a wide range of applications in areas such as electronics, optics, and biomedical sciences. Here we present a novel approach for the growth of nanoparticle assemblies that leverages the unique properties of superfluid helium. Unlike viscous solvents at or near room temperature, superfluid helium provides an unperturbed and cold environment in which weak van der Waals interactions between molecular templates and metal atoms become significant and can define the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles. To demonstrate this concept, diol and porphyrin-based molecules are employed as templates to grow gold nanoparticle assemblies in superfluid helium droplets. After soft-landing on a solid surface to remove the helium, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging shows the growth of gold nanoparticles at specific binding sites within the molecular templates where the interaction between gold atoms and the molecular template is at its strongest.

Concerted versus stepwise proton transfer reactions in the [2, 2'-bipyridyl]-3-3'-diol molecule: A static and dynamic ab-initio investigation.

The double proton transfer (PT) reaction has been investigated in the [2,2'-bipyridyl]-3-3'-diol, a complex molecule where the proton movements is coupled to significant rearrangement of the electronic structure. Moreover, the reaction could be concerted, that is the two protons are exchanged simultaneously, or stepwise, where the two protons are transferred sequentially. To this end, a static exploration of the potential energy surface (PES) was carried together with the analysis of the free-energy surface (FES), both surfaces being evaluated at density functional theory level and different exchange-correlation functionals. While the concerted mechanism has been clearly discharged, the characteristics of the stepwise PT significantly depends on the chosen functionals, some suggesting a clear stepwise mechanism characterized by a stable reaction intermediates and two transitions states, whereas other approaches propend for a asynchronous PT, with a single TS. These features appear on both PES and FES, albeit some differences appears due to their different nature.

Mechanistic Understanding of Ring-Opening of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol over WOx-Modified Pt Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

The upgrading of heterocyclic biomass-derived oxygenates such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) via ring-opening is a promising pathway to produce value-added diol molecules using renewable carbon sources. This study combines model surface experiments, first-principles calculations, and powder catalyst characterization and activity evaluation to unravel the nature of the Pt and WOx active sites and the reaction mechanism of the THFA ring-opening reaction on a WOx/Pt inverse oxide catalyst. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements on model surfaces demonstrated that THFA ring opened on Pt(111) but underwent further decomposition due to its strong bonding with the surface. However, WOx deposited on Pt(111) altered the interaction strength between the ring-opened intermediate and the surface to a proper extent to facilitate the facile desorption of the desired 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD) product. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that WOx/Pt(111) could promote ring opening of THFA via an oxocarbenium ion-like transition state, which was stabilized by hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl groups of WOx. The hydrogenation of the ring-opened 5-hydroxyvaleraldehyde intermediate to 1,5-PeD was then feasible via Brønsted acid sites present on WOx. Steady-state activity studies on the corresponding powder catalysts showed that the 1,5-PeD selectivity increased from 20% on Pt/SiO2 to 65% on WOx/Pt/SiO2 with 1 wt % WOx loading, consistent with model surface experiments and DFT calculations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using model surface experiments and first-principles calculations to guide practical catalyst design, and provides a design strategy that can be applied to the selective ring-opening of relevant heterocyclic biomass-derived oxygenates.

Retinol-binding protein-hijacking nanopolyplex delivering siRNA to cytoplasm of hepatic stellate cell for liver fibrosis alleviation

Activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) is mainly responsible for deposition of extracellular collagen matrix that causes liver fibrosis. Although several siRNAs adequately inhibited HSC activation in vitro, they were demonstrated poor RNAi efficiency in vivo. Developing HSC-targeting and cytoplasmic delivery nanocarrier is highly essential to acquire a desirable siRNA therapeutic index for anti-liver fibrosis. Here, we developed a unique crosslinking nanopolyplex (called T-C-siRNA) modified by vitamin A (VA) with the well-designed natures, including the negative charge, retinol-binding protein (RBP) hijacking, and cytoplasmic siRNA release in response to ROS and cis diol molecules. The nanopolyplex was given a yolk-shell-like shape, camouflage ability in blood, and HSC-targeting capability by hijacking the endogenous ligand RBP via surface VA. PDGFR-β siRNA (siPDGFR-β) supplied via T-C-siPDGFR-β nanopolyplex dramatically reduced HSC activation and its production of pro-fibrogenic proteins in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, T-C-siPDGFR-β nanopolyplex effectively alleviated CCl4-induced liver injury, decreased hepatic collagen sediment, and recovered liver function in mice. This study provides a sophisticated method for HSC-targeting cytoplasmic RNA delivery using endogenous ligand hijacking and dual sensitivity of ROS and cis diol compounds.

Self-assembly modulation in star block copolymers by amphiphilic diol: A scattering insight

The present study offers a better insight into the alteration in the aggregation characteristics of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO-PO)-based star block copolymers Tetronics® T1304 and T1307 induced by an amphiphilic diol Surfynol® 104 (hereafter C14 diol) using scattering (dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering) with complementary physical property measurement viz. solution viscosity and cloud point (CP). It is the hydrophobic interaction that drives C14 diol molecules to penetrate inside copolymer micelles resulting in dehydration that lowered the CP and markedly increase in solution viscosity. Quite interestingly, initial lowering in CP is followed by sudden increase at higher level of solubilization. A significant increase in the apparent hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) divulges the growth of micelles which is equally supported by SANS measurements. The micellar parameters obtained from SANS analysis for T1304 and T1307 in the presence of C14 diol are described. The preferential partitioning of C14 diol into the copolymer micelles is the driving force for morphological changes from spherical to unilamellar vesicles. Also, the effect of temperature and NaCl was examined with the aim to observe various micellar transitions. The observed changes are clarified in terms of the hydrophobic interaction of C14 diol with Tetronic® micelles and HLB value of copolymers. The perception of C14 diol stabilised Tetronic® micelles is anticipated and correlated with optimal parameters obtained from computational simulation approach, providing a clear understanding of the correlation between the molecular orbital energy levels of Tetronic® and C14 diol. The present manuscript thus sheds light on C14 diol induced dehydration causing the micelle growth for both Tetronics® with varied hydrophobicity. Such hydrophobic diol-induced spherical to vesicular transition is observed for the first time in Tetronic®-diol mixed system.

On the interactions of diols and DMPC monolayers

The interactions of lipid molecules with various solvent molecules is of utmost importance in the formulation of various drug delivery and personal care formulations. In this manuscript, a series of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate how the structural and interfacial properties of a DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) monolayer change when interacting with a range of diols that have varying carbon chain lengths and patterns of hydroxylation. In comparison to water, we find that all of the diols studied result in a more disordered and thinner monolayer. Additionally, we find that the shorter diols with the hydroxyl groups on neighbouring carbons (1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol) are able to penetrate deeper into the head group region of the lipid monolayers and as a result significantly disorder and thin the monolayers. Like water, we find that the diols also form hydrogen-bonded networks that connect the DMPC head groups in neighbouring molecules. Interestingly, we find that the number of butanediol molecules that form these solvent-mediated interactions between the DMPC head groups is directly affected by the distribution of the hydroxyl groups within the diol molecules. The results presented here provide a mechanistic description of how the chemistry of diol solvent molecules will affect the structural and interfacial properties of lipid structures in solution.

Modification of epoxidized methyl esters of sunflower oil fatty acids with some diols

It is possible to obtain products with a wide range of useful properties as a result of the modification of epoxidized vegetable oils and their derivatives. The aim of this work was to develop methods for the synthesis of new products by the reaction of epoxidized sunflower oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with dihydric alcohols: ethylene glycol, butanediol-1,4, diethylene glycol, as well as in the study of their structure and properties. Dependences of the structure of the obtained products on the conditions of the process and the type of the modifier have been established. It was shown that carrying out the modification at a higher temperature (100 ° C) leads to the formation of crosslinked products as a result of intermolecular dehydration with the participation of both hydroxyl groups of the diol molecule. In addition to the opening of the oxirane ring, the transesterification process with the participation of the ester fragment is realized. Certain characteristics of the obtained products, including the acid number, saponification number, were determined, and the emulsifying effect was evaluated. In addition, the solidification temperature and pour point were determined for the products obtained. It was found that the products of modification of epoxy derivatives of FAME of sunflower oil obtained at 50 ° C have the greatest emulsifying effect.

Porous organic frameworks for preferable adsorption of trans-1,2-diols over cis-1,2-diols

• Porous organic frameworks for adsorption of vic- diols. • Preferable adsorption of trans-vic -diols over cis-vic -diols is possible. • Adsorption mechanism and selectivity depend on material structure. • MAS NMR to explore adsorption mechanisms. • Material application in a dynamic column setup. Novel separation processes are of utmost importance for a sustainable development of the chemical industry. In this work we show that polymer organic frameworks (POF) synthesized via condensation of melamine and a dialdehyde spacer exhibit superior selectivity towards adsorption of trans-vic -diols over cis - vic -diols. Mixtures of trans - and cis -1,2-cyclohexanediol as well as meso ‑ and ( R,R )-2,3-butanediol were applied for separation. Binding takes place due to cooperative hydrogen bonding of OH-groups of trans-diols to a nitrogen atom of the melamine ring and an NH-fragment of the aminal motif. The formation of the hydrogen bonds upon adsorption was supported by solid-state NMR experiments of samples after adsorption. Utilization of an aprotic solvent with low relative permittivity is of importance to achieve high adsorption capacities. The length of the dialdehyde spacer presents the major parameter governing the size of the micropores and thus the selectivity towards the trans -isomer. The best results were obtained for a POF prepared using 4,4′-biphenyldicarbaldehyde as spacer and bearing micropores with an average diameter of 0.67 nm. The average pore aperture is thus larger than the size of the tested diols, which are ca. 0.6 nm in length. Utilizing of isophtalaldehyde and phthalaldehyde as spacers gave rise to the sorption materials with average pore diameters of ca . 0.6 nm, comparable to the sizes of diol molecules. Adsorption of cis - and trans -diols onto the latter materials occurred owing to trapping in the pores, which resulted in strong van der Waals interactions leading to similar adsorption affinities of cis - and trans - isomers. The results of adsorption under batch and continuous conditions evidence the high potential of POF with 4,4′-biphenyldicarbaldehyde as spacer for adsorptive separation of trans - and cis -diols.

Macroscale liquid superlubricity achieved with mixtures of fructose and diols

Superlubricity has numerous benefits in industrial applications, but its practical applications are restrained from its heavy dependence on special atmosphere environment and the use of low-dimensional materials. This paper reports a novel and facile method to macroscale liquid superlubricity for steel tribopairs, which realizes superlow friction almost right at the start of the test. Two diols of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,3-propanediol (13-PD) are used as the base lubricants, and fructose is dissolved into two diols at various fructose/diol weight ratios. Then the tribological properties of the prepared lubricant solutions have been investigated. Friction test results suggest that the lubricant solutions of fructose and EG with the fructose/EG weight ratio of 0.5 is capable of realizing stable and robust superlubricity combined with little wear under a certain range of testing conditions for steel tribopairs. Such desirable superlubrication state can be attributed to three main factors: (1) formation of a desirable hydrodynamic lubricant film between the tribopairs to support the load and separate the rubbing surfaces; (2) effective passivation effect to the asperity contact sites at the interface by forming robust slippery layers of fructose and diol molecules; (3) tribological polishing effect to make the contacting surfaces smooth. Lubricant solutions of fructose and 13-PD with the fructose/13-PD weight ratio of 0.3 is also found to behave near superlow friction and negligible wear, allowing it to replace fructose/EG = 0.5 in certain applications where both superlow friction and human safety are greatly concerned.

Enhancing inkjet image quality through controlling the interaction of complex dye and diol molecules

Digital inkjet printing has been widely used in the textile industry due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, flexible processing and so on. Although a number of methods have been reported on inkjet printing of high-quality images on fabrics, challenges still remain in preparing homogeneous inks and printing high resolution images. Herein, we describe a simple method to prepare stable inks for high performance digital inkjet printing on cotton fabrics. Two ecofriendly organic solvents of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol were applied in the Reactive Black 8 in. solutions, respectively. By adjusting the interaction between dye and diol molecules, the resulted Reactive Black 8 inks showed an increased viscosity and decreased surface tension, which facilitated the formation of complete and stable inkjet droplets during the printing process. Moreover, introducing these solvents into the dye solution can effectively disaggregate the clusters of Reactive Black 8. When 5 mol/L diethylene glycol or ethylene glycol was used in the Reactive Black 8 solution, complete and stable ink drops can be formed, and the diffusion area of the ink drops on fabric was obviously reduced, thus clear and high-resolution patterns can be produced on the cotton fabrics. We characterized the chemical and physical properties of the inks and evaluated their printing performances on cotton fabrics. The mechanism of interaction between dye molecules and organic solvents was also investigated. Results from this work may promote the wide development of inkjet printing techniques and extend its application in high performance textiles.

Phenylboronic Acid-polymers for Biomedical Applications.

Phenylboronic acid-polymers (PBA-polymers) have attracted tremendous attention as potential stimuli-responsive materials with applications in drug-delivery depots, scaffolds for tissue engineering, HIV barriers, and biomolecule-detecting/sensing platforms. The unique aspect of PBA-polymers is their interactions with diols, which result in reversible, covalent bond formation. This very nature of reversible bonding between boronic acids and diols has been fundamental to their applications in the biomedical area. We have searched peer-reviewed articles including reviews from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with a focus on the 1) chemistry of PBA, 2) synthesis of PBA-polymers, and 3) their biomedical applications. We have summarized approximately 179 papers in this review. Most of the applications described in this review are focused on the unique ability of PBA molecules to interact with diol molecules and the dynamic nature of the resulting boronate esters. The strong sensitivity of boronate ester groups towards the surrounding pH also makes these molecules stimuli-responsive. In addition, we also discuss how the re-arrangement of the dynamic boronate ester bonds renders PBA-based materials with other unique features such as self-healing and shear thinning. The presence of PBA in the polymer chain can render it with diverse functions/ relativities without changing their intrinsic properties. In this review, we discuss the development of PBA polymers with diverse functions and their biomedical applications with a specific focus on the dynamic nature of boronate ester groups.

Molecular understanding of the viscosity variety within self-assembled hydroxyl liquids

The paper shows how molecular self-organization within supramolecular ensembles, spontaneously formed by hydroxyl molecules, reveals in the viscosity of liquids composed of such molecules. The problem is illustrated with differently hydroxy-substituted propanes, the molecules of which form supramolecular polymers of a great diversity, although they all can be named as “chain-like”. Molecules of 1-propanol form the “wire-like” (1-D) chains which practically do not affect the viscosity of the liquid. In propanediol, the “ribbon-like” (2-D) chains are formed, causing the viscosity increase by more than one order of magnitude. Finally, an addition of the third OH group to the diol molecules leads to an increase of the viscosity of formed 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol) by another almost two orders of magnitude. For significantly viscous glycerol we propose a model of supramolecular polymers, in which the ribbon-type chains are additionally linked to each other by perpendicular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming in that way 3-D network.

Spatial packing of diols and esters with imidazoquinazoline ring\u2014quantum-mechanical modeling

This work explains the spatial arrangement of two derivatives of 1-phenyl-2H,6H-imidazo[1,5-c]quinazoline-3,5-dione (PIQ), i.e., diester 2,6-bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-phenylimidazo[1,5-c]quinazoline-3,5-dione (BEPIQ) and 2,6-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-phenylimidazo[1,5-c]quinazoline-3,5-dione (BHEPIQ). Studies of a single crystal by X-ray crystallography showed a different way of arranging the diol and diester molecules in the crystals. Quantum-mechanical modeling showed the overlapping of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of BEPIQ enantiomeric molecules in relation to each other in the “head to tail” position. The formation of charge-transfer complexes stabilizes the system and is responsible for the packing density of the BEPIQ molecules in the crystal. The BEPIQ enantiomeric pairs are positioned at an angle of 67° to each other forming the herringbone in the crystal lattice. In addition, the BEPIQ crystal has the ability to form inclusion compounds. Based on the calculations, it was found that the overlapping of molecular orbitals of BHEPIQ molecules is not possible. It results from a different distribution of electron density in imidazoquinazoline ring as compared to the molecule of the BEPIQ. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds is responsible for the spatial arrangement of the BHEPIQ molecules. The BHEPIQ molecules are arranged in a “head to head” position, and in the crystal, they form stackings.

Nanostructured Virus Filtration Membranes Based on Two-Component Columnar Liquid Crystals.

Here we report columnar liquid-crystalline (LC) nanostructured membranes that highly remove viruses and show sufficient water permeation. These membranes were prepared by employing two-component liquid crystals that exhibit tetragonal columnar phases. The membranes exhibited virus rejection values of >99.99% (log10 reduction value (LRV) > 4) and water flux ranging from 19 to 61 L m-2 h-1 (operation pressure: 0.3 MPa). These membranes were fabricated by photopolymerization of a fan-shaped diol molecule and imidazolium ionic liquid mixture, followed by subsequent removal of the ionic liquid. The rejection values and water flux depend on the fraction of ionic liquid. These results show new design strategies of materials for the water treatment nanostructured membranes that remove pathogens and contaminants.

Preparation, characterization and degradation study of polyesteramide copolymers

Poly (ester-amide) s (PEA) were synthesized via a polycondensation reaction of 1, 3-phenylene bis (2-Oxazoline) carboxylic anhydride, and diol. The polymerization proceeds through the formation of a dicarboxy ester by reaction of two anhydride molecules with one diol molecule and subsequent 2-oxazoline ring opening by attack of the dicarboxy ester. The expected structures of the polymers were confirmed by FTIR and 1 H-NMR. Thermal properties of the poly (ester amide) s were characterized by Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (ATG). Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradations in solid media using Aspergilus Niger of the materials were performed. The biodegradation of polymers were also carried in liquid medium and the source of microorganisms is an inoculum based on activated sludge, by measuring the net biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) under the aerobic conditions. The biodegradation of polymers was observed by changing of BOD a long of 7 days.

Melt‐processable and self‐healing poly(vinyl alcohol) elastomer containing diol groups in the side chain

ABSTRACTA 3‐amino‐1,2‐propane diol functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) elastomer (PVA–COO–AP) with melt processability and self‐healing properties was prepared by chemical graft modification, that is, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) carboxylation and carbodiimide reaction. Unlike that of conventional PVA modifiers, the incorporation of diol groups in the 3‐amino‐1,2‐propane diol molecules onto PVA chains reduced the breaking of intrinsic hydrogen‐bonding interactions of PVA because of the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the diol groups and the hydroxyl groups of PVA. PVA–COO–AP possessed a lower melting temperature and a higher decomposition temperature than PVA; this enabled the melt processing of PVA. The PVA–COO–AP samples prepared by compression molding exhibited excellent flexibility and elasticity, and the samples with a lower glass‐transition temperature below ambient temperature could be self‐healed because of the existence of dynamic hydrogen bonds. AP–COO–AP is believed to have potential applications in the fields of fibers and biomedical membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46050.

Synergistic Configuration of Diols as Brønsted Bases.

As viscous hydroxylic organic compounds, diols are of interest for their functional molecular conformation, which is based on inter- and intramolecular hydrogen (H)-bonds. By utilising steady-state electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and computational analyses, we report the association of the hydroxyl groups of diols via intra- or intermolecular H-bonds to enhance their reactivity as a base. Whereas the formation of an intermolecularly H-bonded dimer is requisite for diols of weak intramolecular H-bond to extract a proton from a model strong photoacid, a well-configured single diol molecule with an optimised intramolecular H-bond is revealed to serve as an effective Brønsted base with increased basicity. This observation highlights the collective role of H-bonding in acid-base reactions, and provides mechanistic backgrounds to understand the reactivity of polyols in the acid-catalysed dehydration for the synthesis of cyclic ethers at the molecular level.

Characteristic effects onto C13H12N2O3 molecule dissolved in solvents of argon plasma at atmospheric pressure

We could easily argue that the decomposition of the chemical chain molecules is a compelling application when it comes to the atmospheric pressure plasma. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of the atmospheric pressure argon plasma on 4-((2-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3,-diol molecule (abbreviated as 4MBD) at room temperature. 4MBD molecule is one of the industrial dye molecules used widely. When considering the ecological life, this molecule is very harmful and dangerous. As such, we suggest a new decomposing method for such molecules. Atmospheric pressure plasma jet is principally treated for the breakdown of the molecule in question. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and UV–Vis spectrophotometry tools are used to characterization of the molecules subsequent to the plasma applications to 4MBD molecule in ethanol and methanol solvents. The atmospheric-pressure plasma jet of argon (Ar) as non-equilibrium has been formed by ac-power generator with frequency—24 kHz and voltage—12 kV. Characterizations for solutions prepared with ethanol and methanol solvents of 4MBD molecule have been examined after applying (duration 3 min) the atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The molecule is broken at 6C–7N–8N=9C stretching peak in consequence of the plasma treatment. The new plasma photo-products for ethanol and methanol solutions are produced as 6C–7N–8N=9C (strong, varying) and 12C=17O (strong, wide) stretching peaks. Also, the bathochromic drifts are discerned.

Dielectric and ferroelectric sensing based on molecular recognition in Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4\xb7(diol) systems

The process of molecular recognition is the assembly of two or more molecules through weak interactions. Information in the process of molecular recognition can be transmitted to us via physical signals, which may find applications in sensing and switching. The conventional signals are mainly limited to light signal. Here, we describe the recognition of diols with Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4 and the transduction of discrete recognition events into dielectric and/or ferroelectric signals. We observe that systems of Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4·(diol) exhibit significant dielectric and/or ferroelectric dependence on different diol molecules. The compounds including ethane-1,2-diol or propane-1,2-diol just show small temperature-dependent dielectric anomalies and no reversible polarization, while the compound including ethane-1,3-diol shows giant temperature-dependent dielectric anomalies as well as ferroelectric reversible spontaneous polarization. This finding shows that dielectricity and/or ferroelectricity has the potential to be used for signalling molecular recognition.

Influence of 1,2-alkanediols on the structure of their intercalates with strontium phenylphosphonate solved by molecular simulation and experimental methods.

Strontium phenylphosphonate intercalates with 1,2-diols (from 1,2-ethanediol to 1,2-hexanediol) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, chemical analysis, and molecular simulation methods. Prepared samples exhibit a very good stability at ambient conditions. Structural arrangement calculated by simulation methods suggested formation of cavities surrounded by six benzene rings. Each cavity contained one molecule of diol and one molecule of water for the 1,2-ethanediol to 1,2-butanediol intercalates. In the case of 1,2-pentanediol two types of cavities alternated: one with diol molecules and another one with two water molecules. In the 1,2-hexanediol intercalate the benzene rings created two types of cavities containing one or two diol molecules, respectively, and this conformational variability led to a more disordered arrangement with respect to the models with shorter alkyl chains. Coordination of the oxygen atoms of the diols to the strontium atoms of the host follows the same pattern for all 1,2-diol intercalates except the 1,2-hexanediol intercalate, where these oxygen atoms can be mutually exchanged at their positions. The calculated basal spacings and structural models are in good agreement with experimental basal spacings obtained from X-ray powder diffraction and with other experimental results.