Diode Laser Treatment Research Articles

Diode laser in management of loss of taste sensation in patients with post-COVID syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveLoss of taste (ageusia) is a symptom observed following recovery from COVID-19 infection. The loss of taste and smell sensation may negatively affect patients’ quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Diode Laser in managing loss of taste sensation in patients with post-COVID syndrome versus the placebo.Material and methodThe study sample was 36 patients who complained of persistent loss of taste sensation following COVID-19. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups according to the received treatment: Group I (laser treatment) and Group II (light treatment), with each patient receiving a diode laser treatment or placebo from the same operator. Taste sensation was subjectively measured after treatment for four weeks.ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant difference between both groups regarding taste restoration after one month (p = 0.041), with Group II having a significantly higher percentage of cases 7 (38.9%) with partial taste restoration. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of Group I 17 cases (94.4%) had complete taste restoration (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study concluded that using a Diode laser 810 nm aided in a more rapid recovery from loss of taste dysfunction.

Diode Laser Therapy for Radiation-Induced Vascular Ectasia: Long-Term Results and Cost Analysis.

Collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues has been reported in patients who undergo radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost efficiency of endoscopic diode laser therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic radiation proctitis (CRP). The data of 24 patients (median age 78, range 67-90 years) who presented rectal bleeding and were diagnosed with CRP after undergoing high-dose radiotherapy for prostatic cancer and underwent diode laser therapy were evaluated retrospectively. Non-contact fibers were used in the patients who underwent the procedure without sedation in an outpatient setting. The patients underwent a median of two sessions; overall, a mean of 1591 J of laser energy per session was used. No complications were noted during or after the procedures. Bleeding was completely resolved in 21/24 (88%) patients, and two patients showed improvement (96%). It was not necessary to suspend antiplatelet (six patients) or anticoagulant (four patients) therapy during the treatment course. The mean cost per session was EUR 473.4. The study findings demonstrated that endoscopic non-contact diode laser treatment in CRP patients is safe, effective and cost efficient. For this procedure, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy suspension, intraprocedural sedation and hospital admission are not required.

Success rate in micropulse diode laser treatment with regard to lens status, refractive errors, and glaucoma subtypes.

To evaluate the efficacy of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) considering different characteristics: glaucoma subtypes and lens status. A retrospective case-series study was designed to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP), and the number of IOP-lowering medications, used by glaucoma patients treated with MP-TSCPC between 2016 and 2019. Cases had a follow-up period of 12months. Achieving an IOP reduction higher than 20%, or the decrease of at least one IOP-lowering medication, was considered a successful outcome. The same population was analyzed by classifying them in two groups as: glaucoma subtypes and lens status. The baseline spherical equivalent (SE) was also calculated for considering association with the achieved IOP. A total of 86 eyes were included. In most cases, IOP and IOP-lowering medications were decreased with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001), and all of them had a successful outcome. The percentage of IOP drop oscillated between 25.9% (open-angle glaucoma sub-group) and 37.5% (pseudoexfoliative glaucoma sub-group), 12months after surgery. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p 0.20 and 0.32 for glaucoma subtypes and lens status, respectively). The Pearson's coefficient obtained was low for the SE and IOP association, at the 12 -month postoperative mark (- 0.009; p < 0.001). The MP-TSCPC treatment was successful in decreasing IOP and IOP-lowering medications, in different glaucoma subtypes. Differences between groups (glaucomasubtypes, phakic and pseudophakic eyes) were not statistically significant. No association was found between the SE and the IOP achieved value after MS-TSCPC treatment.

The associations between diode laser (810 nm) therapy and chronic wound healing and pain relief: Light into the chronic wound patient's life.

Chronic wounds have become one of the major issues in medicine today, the treatments for which include dressing changes, negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, light irradiation, surgery and so forth. Nevertheless, the application of diode lasers in chronic wounds has rarely been reported. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of diode laser (810 nm) irradiation on chronic wounds. Eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The control group (41 patients) received traditional dressing change therapy, while the diode laser treatment group (48 patients) were patients received additional treatment with diode laser (810 nm) irradiation for 10min at each dressing change. Wound healing time was compared between two groups, while the pain relief index was creatively introduced to evaluate the effect of relieving wound pain, which was calculated by the difference in pain scores between the first and last dressing changes divided by the number of treatment days. The wound healing time of the diode laser treatment group was 22.71 ± 8.99 days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (37.44 ± 23.42 days). The pain relief index of the diode laser treatment group was 0.081 ± 0.055, which was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (0.057 ± 0.033). Our findings suggest that diode laser irradiation has the potential to promote healing in chronic wounds and relieve wound pain.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of diode laser therapy in conjunction with nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory condition associated with the destruction of bone tissue around a dental implant, and diode lasers can be used to treat this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 940-nm diode laser for the nonsurgical treatment of PI. Twenty patients (8 women and 12 men) were enrolled in a split-mouth randomized controlled study. In the control group (CG), mechanical debridement with titanium curettes accompanied by airflow was performed around the implants. The test group (TG) was treated similarly, but with the use of a diode laser. Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment level, and interleukin-1β [IL-1β] in the peri-implant crevicular fluid) were evaluated and recorded at baseline and 3 months. IL-1β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The symptoms were alleviated in both groups at 3 months as assessed through clinical measurements. GI, BOP, and PPD were significantly lower in the TG than in the CG (P<0.05). The IL-1β level increased post-treatment in both groups, but this increase was only statistically significant (P<0.05) in the CG. The diode laser enabled improvements in clinical parameters in the peri-implant tissue. However, it did not reduce IL-1β levels after treatment. Further studies about the use of diode lasers in the treatment of PI will be necessary to evaluate the effects of diode lasers in PI treatment.

Locally Delivered Chlorhexidine Chip and Diode Laser in the Treatment of Periodontitis

Introduction: Scaling and root planing (SRP) reduces periodontal inflammation but complete removal of bacterial deposits and toxins is not always feasible. Thus, adjunctive therapeutic strategies like use of local delivery of chlorhexidine (CHX) chip and laser therapy have evolved. Objective: To compare effectiveness of locally delivered CHX chip with diode laser in treatment of periodontitis. Methods: The non-randomised trial was done in Department of Periodontics at Peoples Dental College and Hospital (PDCH) from August 2019 to July 2020 after ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council. Study population was patients with chronic periodontitis with bilateral periodontal pockets in contralateral hemiarches exhibiting periodontal probing depth (PPD) of ≥5-7 mm attending PDCH. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Baseline parameters were recorded one week after full mouth SRP. In group A CHX chip was placed and in group B diode laser treatment was done. The parameters: Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, PPD, and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at one month, three months, and six months. Results: Fifteen patients were analysed. Comparison showed that PPD scores at one month and three months were significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B. Comparison of CAL scores at baseline of both the groups were same. At subsequent visits, CAL for Group A was lower than Group B, but mean difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Both groups showed significant improvements compared with baseline. However, the difference in improvement of the PPD and CAL between groups was not significant.

Influence of Clinical Decontamination Techniques on the Surface Characteristics of SLA Titanium Implant.

The study aims: 1. To perform diode laser, titanium (Ti) brush, and Ti curette treatment on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces, with/without H2O2 and CHX, 2. To investigate the influence of decontamination techniques on implant surface topography and hydrophilicity. Diode laser, Ti brush, and Ti curette treatments were performed on the Grade 4 Ti discs, with/without treatment with 3% H2O2 solution or 0.2% CHX. Surface characteristics were investigated via SEM, optical profilometry, and water contact angle meter. SEM findings revealed flat and scratched areas when treated with Ti curette and Ti brush. For diode laser, SEM showed melting in specific areas. Ra and Rt values were lower in all test groups than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The adjunctive chemical treatment showed negligible effects in SEM images and surface roughness measurements compared to laser and mechanical treatment-only groups. H2O2 treatment resulted in enhanced hydrophilicity in either treatment modalities with a significant difference compared to the negative control group (p &lt; 0.05). In all test groups, the hydrophilicity was enhanced compared to the negative control group (p &lt; 0.05). Diode laser treatment had the least disruptive effect on the Ti surface characteristics. The use of other mechanical methods caused significant alterations in the surface roughness.

Mechanical and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded nanoparticles over dental implants for treating peri-implantitis

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the mechanical (i.e., flexural modulus [FM], flexural strength [FS], and surface roughness [Ra]) and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (MB-loaded PLGA NPs) over dental implants for potential treatment of peri-implantitis. MethodsPLGA NPs were synthesized via a solvent displacement method. After the synthesis and confirmation of MB-loaded PLGA NPs via physical (Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]) and chemical characterization (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), the mature dental biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis was produced over the surfaces of dental implants. Then, the bacterial viability assessment of the following five study groups was performed: group-I (diode laser treatment); group-II (PDT/MB-loaded PLGA NPs treatment; group-III (ultrasound treatment); group-IV (ultrasound/PLGA NPs-MB treatment); and group-V: control group included the samples without any treatment. Finally, the FS, FM, and Ra of the samples was assessed. ResultsUnder the SEM, the NPs were spherical homogeneous particles having round morphology ranging approximately 100 nm in size without aggregation. The FTIR spectra of PLGA NPs and MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated absorption peaks at approximately 1000 cm−1 to 1200 cm−1 and around 1500 cm−1 to 1750 cm−1. The greatest level of P. gingivalis killing was exhibited by ultrasound/MB-loaded PLGA-NPs-treated samples. The FS was statistically significantly greater for control group samples than any other group (i.e., 100.28 MPa; p<0.05). The FM and Ra ranged between 3.31 and 3.58 GPa and between 0.18 and 0.20 µm without any statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05), respectively. ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the application of photo-sonodynamic therapy via MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis without deteriorating the surfaces and compromising the mechanical properties of dental implants.

Intense Pulse Light (IPL) Versus Diode Laser in the Removal of Unwanted Facial Hair

Objective: To compare the efficacies of intense pulse light (IPL) versus diode laser in the removal of unwanted facial hair among female patients.&#x0D; Study Design: Case series.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Mar 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 38 female patients with hirsutism diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist were included in this study. Intense pulse light therapy was applied on one half of the face while diode laser was used on the other half of the face for three sessions one month apart. A consultant dermatologist assessed the reduction in hair count on both sides of the face after the last session. Any adverse effects experienced by the patients were also recorded.&#x0D; Results: Out of 38 patients with 76 responses (both sides of the face) were included in the study. 14(17.9%) patients had less than 25% hair reduction, 24(30.7%) had 25-50% reduction, 27(34.6%) had 50-75% and 11(14.1%) had more than 75% reduction of the unwanted hair. Transient erythema 9(11.5%) and moderate pain 9(11.5%) were the common side effects experienced by the patients overall on both sides. Results of the chi-square test revealed that hair reduction, adverse effects and patient satisfaction were not statistically significant in both the groups (p-value&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: This comparative study revealed that intense pulse light and diode laser treatment have been equally efficacious and tolerable in managing unwanted hair among females suffering from hirsutism.&#x0D;

Effects on the Titanium Implant Surface by Different Hygiene Instrumentations: A Narrative Review.

Peri-implant disease is usually caused by the accumulation of dental biofilm around the implant, and this biofilm can irradiate the gingiva tissue, which leads to inflammation and, more severely, to a deterioration of the bone structure. There is a concern regarding the removal of biofilm from the implant surface by using different hygiene instruments. Some hygiene instruments may have some effect on the dental implant surface, resulting in roughening or damage to the implant surfaces. This study reviewed the effects of titanium implant surfaces on different hygiene instruments. A literature search was conducted from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases for articles published from 1992 to 2021. A total of 19 full-text papers with keywords of interest that met all the eligibility criteria were selected. Surface roughness was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope and also using a profilometer, laser scanning, scanning probe, and atomic force microscopes. A metal curette produced a roughened surface on the titanium implant, but a plastic curette did not alter the surface. Instrumentation with rubber cups left the surface unchanged and appeared to smoothen the surface, whereas the air-powder abrasive instrumentation altered the surface with the presence of micro pits and pores. A conventional metal ultrasonic scaler showed significant surface topographical changes and scratches on both titanium surfaces, as a diode laser, light-emitting diode (LED), and laser treatment did not show any alteration on the rough and smooth titanium surfaces. Thus, a non-metallic instrument such as a plastic curette, rubber cups, and novel technology including diode laser, LED, and laser treatment is appropriate and can be used for debridement on smooth and machined titanium implant surfaces as well as sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS), and resorbable blasted media (RBM) surfaces. The use of metallic instruments should be avoided, and it is not recommended.

Evaluation of Diode Laser Treatments to Manage Weeds in Row Crops

Herbicides have been the primary weed management practice in agriculture for decades. However, due to their effects on the environment in addition to weeds becoming resistant, alternative approaches to weed control are critical. One approach is using lasers, particularly diode lasers because of their portability, low power demand, and cost effectiveness. In this research, weeds’ response to diode laser treatments was investigated. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment involved treating two species of weeds with four different laser powers to determine the time it takes to sever the weed stem. The second experiment involved monitoring the status of two species of weeds for a week after treating them with two lasers at constant application times of 1 s, 2 s, and 3 s. The third experiment was a repeat of the second with higher laser powers and shorter treatment times. The results showed diode lasers have a potential to be an effective weed controlling tool. Weed stem diameter, laser power, treatment duration, and distance between laser and weed were all statistically significant in weed mortality, with weed species having no significance. Furthermore, it was found that weed management is possible by exposing the stem of the two weed species between 0.8 and 2.65 mm diameter to a laser beam dosage without necessarily severing it, with 80% effectiveness at 0.5 s treatment time, and 100% effectiveness using a 6.1 W laser for 1.5 s.

Diode laser versus sclerotherapy: bloodless approaches in the treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma (randomised controlled clinical trial)

Oral pyogenic granuloma (PG) is traditionally treated by surgical excision which is associated with bleeding, pain and a high rate of recurrence. Our research aimed to clinically assess the effectiveness of diode laser versus sclerotherapy, as bloodless approach, in the treatment of oral PG. We randomly divided 20 patients with oral PG into two groups, with those in the test group being managed via diode laser application and those in the control group via injections of ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosing agent. All patients were evaluated intraoperatively for bleeding severity and postoperatively for pain. The quality of healing was also assessed using Landry healing index after the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks. Additionally, the patients were recalled after 3, 6 and 9 months from the end of treatment for recurrence evaluation. Our results revealed that intraoperative bleeding did not differ significantly between both groups while postoperative pain decreased significantly in the sclerotherapy group compared to the laser group. For different intervals, the sclerotherapy group had a higher healing quality index than the laser group, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, recurrence occurred in the laser group, there were no cases of recurrence in the sclerotherapy group in all intervals. In conclusion, diode laser treatment of PG is a reliable, less invasive, and sensitive procedure that requires an experienced operator and specialised equipment. However, ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy is an inexpensive, simple technique besides being less prone to recurrence problems, especially when treatment duration is not a concern.

Efficacy of Periodontal Endodontics Combined with Diode Laser (DL) Therapy on Severe Periodontitis.

Background For a long time, the impact of severe periodontitis on the pulp has been the focus of periodontal clinical research. Whether the teeth with severe periodontitis should be treated with pulp has also become the focus of clinical research. Aims To explore the effect of periodontal endodontic therapy combined with DL therapy on severe periodontitis. Materials and Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with severe periodontitis from January 2020 to July 2022 were selected and included in the retrospective study. According to the different retrieval treatment methods, they were divided into the control group and the treatment group with 50 cases in each group. The control group received periodontal endodontic treatment, and the treatment group received DL treatment on the basis of the control group. The differences in periodontal probing depth (PD), toothache degree, bleeding index (BI), inflammatory factors, plaque index (PLI), and attachment loss (AL) between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results After 3 months of treatment, the bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PLI), and periodontal probing depth (PD) of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The attachment loss (AL) of the group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 3 days of treatment, the VAS score of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).After treatment, there were no complications during follow-up in the two groups. Conclusion The application of DL treatment has a significant effect, which can promote the healing of periodontal tissue, reduce the depth of periodontal pockets, and reduce the degree of toothache, thereby providing a reference for clinical treatment.

Diode Laser for the Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer (UTUC) – Case Series.

Background and Objective: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is uncommon; however, at the time of diagnosis, they are usually more invasive than bladder urothelial carcinomas. Although nephroureterectomy (NU) has been the gold-standard treatment, guidelines have been set for kidney-sparing treatment in selected groups of patients. While these guidelines are aimed towards patients fit for salvage radical treatment, little has been published on managing the symptomatic patient not fit for NU. Various modalities of endoscopic ablation in managing UTUC have been described in the literature, but there is currently no reported use of the diode laser. Therefore, we aim to assess its efficacy and safety profile in the ablation of UTUC in patients unfit for major abdominal surgery in radical nephroureterectomy regardless of the tumour grade and size. Patients and method A single centre retrospective review of patients who underwent Diode Laser treatment for UTUC over 4 years was done. Follow up through 6 monthly ureteroscopy alternating with computed tomography (CT) urogram was done to assess the need for further treatment. Results: 30 patients were identified, with mean age 76 years (64-88) and variable tumour locations, including lower and mid ureter and renal pelvis, upper and lower calyces. 76.7% were ASA 3 and 20% ASA 4. The mean tumour size was 3.8 cm (2-7 cm). The mean number of sessions was 2.1 (1-6). 63.3% of the tumours were grade 2, while 30% were grade 3. A case of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma was diagnosed as a 4 cm filling defect in the kidney where the diode laser was used for resection biopsy and ablation. 16.7% experienced Clavien-Dindo grades 1-2 complications. A total of 6.7% of patients were converted to an inpatient stay. None of the patients needed blood transfusion nor did any develop a ureteric stricture on subsequent ureteroscopies. 48.3% of patients experienced clinical recurrences of which 57.1% were at a different site. Two of the patients developed metastatic disease. One patient died 3 years after initial treatment with disease progression. Conclusion: The management of UTUC with diode laser is a safe and efficacious conservative treatment for disease and symptom control in patients unfit for radical treatment.

The 980 nm diode laser treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor with en bloc technique: single-center experience

BackgroundTransurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is one of the most established urological procedures for the treatment of the primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 980 nm diode laser as a treatment for primary NMIBC.MethodsEighty-eight patients with NMIBC were treated by en bloc transurethral resection with 980 nm diode laser, and 76 patients were treated by plasmakinetic transurethral resection from May 2016 to July 2019 at the Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University. The clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe bladder irrigation time was shortened in 980 nm diode laser group compared to that of plasmakinetic transurethral resection group (4.1 ± 0.6 vs 13.1 ± 3.1 h, p < 0.001). A total of 13.2% (10/76) patients experienced obturator nerve reflex, and 5.3% (4/76) experienced delayed bleeding in plasmakinetic transurethral resection group, while no obturator nerve reflex and delayed bleeding cases were observed in 980 nm diode laser group (p < 0.05). The postoperative catheterization and hospitalization time showed no significant difference between the two groups. The median follow-up time was 27 months (13–38 months). No significant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between the two groups.ConclusionsThe 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe tool in transurethral resection of NMIBC using en bloc technique. It has less perioperative complications and shortened bladder irrigation time.

A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Wound Healing after Dental Diode Laser Treatment in the Rat Oral Mucosa.

This study aimed to examine the differences in healing patterns using two types of diode laser devices (laser A and laser B) and a steel scalpel for periodontal surgery through histological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty 12-week-old male rats were assigned to three groups (3, 7, and 14 days). Square-shaped erosion wounds (2 × 2 mm2 diameter) were created on the hard palate of each rat. Two wounds were created using Laser A and a steel scalpel (Bard-Parker No. 15) on the right palate and using Laser B and a steel scalpel on the left side. Rats were sacrificed after 3, 7, and 14 days. Tissues were collected with a margin of 1 mm from the border of the erosional wound of the maxillary hard palate. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the tissue samples after 3, 7, and 14 days. The tissue healing pattern and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cluster of differentiation (CD) were observed under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis H test for comparison among the groups (α = 0.05). In comparison to the wounds made with the scalpel, wounds treated with lasers A and B showed delayed healing patterns. There was no significant difference between the two laser treatment groups (p > 0.05). The expression of iNOS and CD68 was not significantly different among the three groups after 3 and 7 days (p > 0.05). On day 14, the groups treated with the dental diode lasers showed higher expression than the group treated with the steel scalpel, but no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05). Laser-induced wounds tended to heal slower than surgical wounds performed using a steel scalpel, but histological and immunohistochemical results showed no significant difference between the dental diode laser and scalpel groups.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT METHODS EVALUATION WITH SPECIFIC CLINICAL AND LABORATORY MARKERS

Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases in the world. The main reason for the development of inflammatory processes of periodontal tissues is the etiological factor of an infectious nature. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of periodontitis treatment methods: vector system, diode laser, vector system and diode laser combined treatment, based on the complex picture data of clinical and laboratory examinations. Depending on the treatment methods, patients diagnosed with different stages and levels of periodontitis were divided into three groups. The research and data processing of periodontal markers in the periodontal pocket in all three groups: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomit, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola allowed us to establish a reliable relationship between the values ​​obtained before treatment and as a result of treatment. Where the data obtained after the vector system and the combined vector system and diode laser treatment were found to be reliable for the target parameters and the effectiveness of the treatment was established (p&lt;0.05). Which is not confirmed in the case of diode laser treatment.

Recurrence of premalignant oral cavity and oropharynx lesions after pulsed diode laser treatment

PurposeLeukoplakia is common with a 1 % incidence in the population and may harbor preneoplastic changes. Diode lasers provide both precision and coagulation for excision of superficial lesions in clinical and operative settings with little damage to deeper tissue. We aim to determine the rate of oral and oropharyngeal hyperkeratosis and dysplasia recurrence after treatment with diode laser. Materials and methodsPatients with oral or oropharyngeal hyperkeratotic or mild dysplastic lesions treated with pulsed diode laser between 2013 and 2020 at a tertiary academic institution were analyzed. The main outcome measure was recurrence of hyperkeratosis and dysplasia after treatment. ResultsFourteen patients received diode laser treatment for hyperkeratotic or mild dysplastic lesions of the oral cavity or oropharynx. Demographic features included 9 (64.3 %) females and mean age of 66.6 years. In these 14 patients, 18 distinct lesions were identified. Eleven (61.1 %) lesions were located on the oral tongue, 4 (22.2 %) on the buccal mucosa, 2 (11.1 %) on the hard palate, and 1 (5.6 %) on the soft palate. Average time from lesion clinical diagnosis to the first diode laser treatment was 8.3 months with an average number of 1.4 treatments per lesion. Three (16.7 %) lesions experienced recurrence after the most recent treatment. None of the lesions underwent malignant transformation. None of the patients experienced bleeding, tethering, or dysarthria after treatment. One patient developed pyogenic granuloma and reported chronic tongue pain. ConclusionsPulsed diode laser treatment of leukoplakia was well tolerated with low complication rates and reasonable control of precancerous lesions.

Comparative evaluation of effect of diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing and scaling and root planing alone on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid interlukin-10 level in chronic periodontitis

The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the effect of diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing and scaling and root planing alone on clinical parameters and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) interlukin-10 level in chronic periodontitis. Ten chronic periodontitis patients were selected. As it was a split mouth study, two sites with deepest pocket one in each quadrant were randomly assigned for scaling and root planing (SRP) and SRP+ diode laser treatment. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline and at 3months after treatment. The GCF levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Test group showed significantly better outcome compared to the control group in all clinical parameters (PI, GI, PD and CAL). The total amount of IL-10 increased after treatment in both test and control groups. From baseline to three months, the SRP with Diode laser group demonstrated a substantial rise in IL-10 levels, demonstrating how lasers can improve nonsurgical periodontal treatment results. Thus, diode laser when used in adjunct to SRP, the levels of IL-10 which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, significantly increased which indicated reduced inflammation of the tissues.

Noninvasive diode laser-an effective and safe treatment of iris cysts in 46 eyes of 35 horses.

Iris cysts in horses are often asymptomatic and noticed incidentally. However, cysts can cause local corneal oedema and erratic behaviour like shying, decreased performance and head-shaking. To describe the use of diode laser as a noninvasive treatment option for iris cysts in the horse and to document factors influencing its efficacy, associated complications, long-term outcome and rate of recurrence. Retrospective case series. Case records of horses treated for iris cysts by diode laser at the Utrecht University Equine Clinic were reviewed between 2008 and 2020. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmic and ultrasonographic evaluation. Long-term follow-up was obtained in two phases, a telephone survey with the owner and a photographic re-evaluation of the treated eyes. Thirty-five horses were included, with a total of 46 eyes treated. One day after diode laser treatment (short-term), 35/46 treated eyes had a good decrease in cyst size, 7/46 had a moderate effect, 1/46 had a minimal effect, 1/46 had no effect, and in two cases the effect was unspecified. The decrease in size after diode laser treatment in polycystic eyes (odds ratio [OR] 0.381, 95% CI 0.1530-0.724), p= 0.001), thick-walled cysts (OR=0.139; CI=0.023-0.726, p= 0.02) and hyperplastic corpora nigra (OR=0.081; CI=0.004-0.528, p= 0.03) was significantly less satisfactory, with ORs of 0.381, 0.139 and 0.081, respectively. Minor complications, such as mild reactive uveitis, were reported in 8/46 (17%) eyes. On long-term follow-up (median 19 months; IQR 25.5), clinical signs had diminished or disappeared in most cases (93%) and 83% of the owners would recommend the treatment. Based on long-term photographic re-evaluation (median 32.5months; IQR 49.75), 2/16 cases of recurrence were seen. Retrospective design, follow-up by telephone questionnaire and photographic re-evaluation. Loss to follow-up in the photographic re-evaluation. Both short- and long-term results indicate diode laser treatment is a useful and safe option for iris cyst size reduction, with a low risk of recurrence. Presurgical ultrasonography is recommended to assess the feasibility of treatment and to allow for better surgical planning.