Diode Array Research Articles

Joint interframe separation and gamma correction for asynchronous optical camera communication systems based on high-order statistics

Optical camera communication (OCC), which is enabled by large-scale light-emitting diodes (LEDs) arrays and image-sensor (IS) based cameras, has garnered significant attention from both researchers and industries. Existing OCC synchronization techniques typically rely on either super-Nyquist sampling or on computationally expensive asynchronous recovery algorithms to relax the required camera frame rate. In this paper, we propose a kurtosis-based asynchronous interference cancellation (K-AIC) algorithm, enabling the estimation for both the asynchronous interframe overlapping ratios and nonlinear Gamma distortion levels for each grayscale frame captured by camera. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the K-AIC algorithm exhibits low computational complexity, unique global optimum, high reliability and robust performance in mitigating asynchronous-induced bit errors across diverse scenarios. Short-range OCC experiment shows that the K-AIC scheme can effectively compensate for both interframe overlapping and Gamma distortions in a plesiochronous reception scenario, resulting in a Q-factor enhancement of approximately 12 dB with fluctuations of less than 1 dB. Consequently, the system achieves a net data rate of around 200 kbps.

Fabrication of carotenoid enriched Crocus sativus w/o nanoemulsion: Optimization and pharmaceutical characterization

Herbal-based preparations have progressively attracted more interest nowadays due to multiple therapeutic approaches. Major concerns with the use of herbal preparations and their application as functional ingredients are about their stability, solubility, and bioaccessibility. Crocus sativus is one of the crucial nootropic traditional herbs, rich in potential phytochemicals used for the treatment of long-standing disorders. Many studies have suggested that the bioactive present in C. sativus extract may undergo enzymatic degradation in the intestine and hence less bioavailable at the site of action. A novel drug delivery approach to herbal preparation may combat the associated challenge. The present research focuses on the feasibility of developing w/o nanoemulsion incorporating the carotenoid-enriched C. sativus extract by spontaneous emulsification method. Critical process variables were optimized using 32 factorial design with Design of Expert software. The optimized formulation of w/o nanoemulsion comprising 9 mg/ml of C. sativus extracts with 12% internal phase, 21% S-mix, and 67% oil phase produced a globule size of 94.34 nm. The total content present in the nanoemulsion was 83% bioactive determined by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA) method. Further characterization, the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed the overall nanoemulsion system morphology with uniform distribution of globules of the internal phase. The in vitro release of bioactives from developed nanoemulsion showed an initial burst release of 60% at 1 hour following slow drug release. Results demonstrated that w/o nanoemulsion of C. sativus extract overcome the associated challenges and may reserve its space for medicinal application.

Tracing the biographies of textiles in the transition of medieval to modern times: Wool fabrics and brigandines from an Iberian castle

Findings of archaeological textiles and fibres in Northern Iberia are extremely rare. The occurrence of a set of textile fragments, dated between the 14th and 16th centuries CE at the Pambre castle (Palas de Rei, Lugo, Spain) is exceptional. The original stone roof of the southeastern tower was intact. The dark, cold and moist conditions inside the tower favoured the preservation of a unique series of waterlogged textile remains. In addition, a set of pseudomorphs preserved by mineral replacement were recovered from the east edge of the north wing in the main hall of the castle. Fibres have been identified using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and they have been chemically characterised using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). We also performed analytical pyrolysis-GC-MS (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS) of the wool fabrics and pseudomorphs to assess their state of degradation and the presence of chemical markers associated to the use of these textile remains. High performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis were applied on wool fabrics to identify the chemical markers of dyes but without success. To expand the information related to raw material identification and the technical aspects of the fabrics, further evidence such as adherences identified as opal phytoliths, seeds, and insect remains associated to wool fabrics were examined. These findings offer a unique glimpse into the clothing dated to the end of the Medieval period, and its life-cycle. Wool scraps were probably part of at least two different garments, whereas the mineralised textiles probably formed part of at least two brigandines which were made of bast fibres, flax, or hemp.

The unveiling of a levulinic acid isomer in high performance liquid chromatography analysis, a key point for the reliable determination of the catalytic conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

This work was motivated by the difficulties found in the analysis and quantification of levulinic acid (LA) and the reaction products resulting from the catalyzed transformation of LA into γ-valerolactone (GVL) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The starting study carried out with the Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 column and UV/Vis detector (or Diode Array Detector, DAD) was puzzling, mainly because two different signals appeared in the analysis of aqueous LA standards. The use of C8-UV/Vis-MS and the measurements with DAD in range wavelength mode (RWL) allowed to suggest the presence of pseudo-LA (sometimes regarded as unidentified impurities in the reactant) together with LA. The finding of an additional LA species was fundamental for the accurate quantification of LA, necessary to provide reliable results in the analysis of the catalytic LA transformation products. The study carried out also allowed the identification of 4-hydroxypentanoic acid (HPA), a labile intermediate compound. The analysis of the target solution (resulting from the explained catalytic system) was also performed with a REZEX ROA-Organic Acid H+ column and Refractive Index Detector (RID) in order to determine its applicability and to check if the results obtained with the two configurations were coherent. The REZEX-RID configuration led to a simpler analysis, as it did not involve the separation of the LA species, and allowed the detection of 1,4-pentanediol (not possible by UV/Vis analysis). The results obtained with REZEX-RID helped to support the need of considering the presence and quantification of an LA isomer in the standard solutions for the right quantification of LA using the C8-UV/vis (or DAD) configuration. The present study clarifies relevant practical aspects of the HPLC-UV/Vis (or DAD) analysis of LA present in aqueous solutions.

Time multiplexing multi-view display using slit mirror array and light emitting diode illuminated digital micromirror device

In this paper, we propose a new approach to create a compact autostereoscopic aerial multi-view display. It employs a transmission type retroreflector, i.e. a slit mirror array (SMA), and a digital micromirror device (DMD). The retroreflector’s unique capability generates a floating image on the opposite side in a mirror-symmetric position. The SMA creates a real image of the DMD and the array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned in front of the SMA. LEDs’ real images form an array of viewpoints, enabling users to experience diverse perspectives of the three dimensional image. We successfully validate the proposed system using five LEDs with full-resolution 4-bit depth viewpoint images. We also discuss the SMA and DMD parameters’ impact on perceived images.

Effective parameters on polydimethylsiloxane/graphene composite-based triboelectric nanogenerator performance

ABSTRACT This paper systematically investigates the effective parameter on the performance of polydimethylsiloxane/graphene (PDMS@Gr)-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as well as their applications. PDMS@Gr films containing 0, 0.05, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.% graphene are synthesized, and their surface characteristics, mechanical behavior, and electrical properties are characterized. Vertical contact-separation mode TENGs are fabricated, and their performance is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the surface roughness and surface charge density are the most critical parameters for the performance of PDMS@Gr-based TENGs compared to the electrical and mechanical properties of the friction layers. The PDMS@Gr-based TENG with 1 wt.% graphene shows the highest power output of 2.6 W/m2 at an optimized working condition (5 Hz and 15 N). It also exhibits stable power output until 15,000 working cycles and displays battery-free applications by powering a light-emitting diode (LED) array, a calculator, a digital watch, and a digital thermometer.

A Scoping Review on Carotenoid Profiling in Passiflora spp.: A Vast Avenue for Expanding the Knowledge on the Species.

The Passiflora genus is recognised for its ethnopharmacological, sensorial, and nutritional significance. Yet, the screening of its dietary and bioactive molecules has mainly targeted hydrophilic metabolites. Following the PRISMA-P protocol, this review assessed the current knowledge on carotenoid composition and analysis within Passiflora, examining 968 records from seven databases and including 17 studies focusing on carotenoid separation and identification in plant parts. Those publications originated in America and Asia. P. edulis was the most frequently examined species of a total of ten, while pulp was the most studied plant part (16 studies). Carotenoid analysis involved primarily high-performance liquid chromatography separation on C18 columns and detection using diode array detectors (64.71%). Most studies identified the provitamin A β-carotene and xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin, with their geometric configuration often neglected. Only one study described carotenoid esters. Besides the methodology's insufficient description, the lack of use of more accurate techniques and practices led to a high risk of bias in the carotenoid assignment in 17.65% of the articles. This review highlights the opportunity to broaden carotenoid studies to other species and parts within the diverse Passiflora genus, especially to wild, locally available fruits, which may have a strategic role in enhancing food diversity and security amidst climatic changes. Additionally, it urges the use of more accurate and efficient analytical methods based on green chemistry to better identify Passiflora carotenoids.

Treatment planning evaluation and experimental validation of the magnetic resonance-based intrafraction drift correction

Background and purposeMRI-guided online adaptive treatments can account for interfractional variations, however intrafraction motion reduces treatment accuracy. Intrafraction plan adaptation methods, such as the Intrafraction Drift Correction (IDC) or sub-fractionation, are needed. IDC uses real-time automatic monitoring of the tumor position to initiate plan adaptations by repositioning segments. IDC is a fast adaptation method that occurs only when necessary and this method could enable margin reduction. This research provides a treatment planning evaluation and experimental validation of the IDC. Materials and methodsAn in silico treatment planning evaluation was performed for 13 prostate patients mid-treatment without and with intrafraction plan adaptation (IDC and sub-fractionation). The adaptation methods were evaluated using dose volume histogram (DVH) metrics. To experimentally verify IDC a treatment was mimicked whereby a motion phantom containing an EBT3 film moved mid-treatment, followed by repositioning of segments. In addition, the delivered treatment was irradiated on a diode array phantom for plan quality assurance purposes. ResultsThe planning study showed benefits for using intrafraction adaptation methods relative to no adaptation, where the IDC and sub-fractionation showed consistently improved target coverage with median target coverages of 100.0%. The experimental results verified the IDC with high minimum gamma passing rates of 99.1% and small mean dose deviations of maximum 0.3%. ConclusionThe straightforward and fast IDC technique showed DVH metrics consistent with the sub-fractionation method using segment weight re-optimization for prostate patients. The dosimetric and geometric accuracy was shown for a full IDC workflow using film and diode array dosimetry.

Effects of short-term exposure to red or near-infrared light on axial length in young human subjects.

To determine whether visible light is needed to elicit axial eye shortening by exposure to long wavelength light. Incoherent narrow-band red (620 ± 10 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 875 ± 30 nm) light was generated by an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and projected monocularly in 17 myopic and 13 non-myopic subjects for 10 min. The fellow eye was occluded. Light sources were positioned 50 cm from the eye in a dark room. Axial length (AL) was measured before and after the exposure using low-coherence interferometry. Non-myopic subjects responded to red light with significant eye shortening, while NIR light induced minor axial elongation (-13.3 ± 17.3 μm vs. +6.5 ± 11.6 μm, respectively, p = 0.005). Only 41% of the myopic subjects responded to red light exposure with a decrease in AL and changes were therefore, on average, not significantly different from those observed with NIR light (+0.2 ± 12.1 μm vs. +1.1 ± 11.2 μm, respectively, p = 0.83). Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between refractive error and induced changes in AL after exposure to NIR light in myopic eyes (r(15) = -0.52, p = 0.03) and induced changes in AL after exposure to red light in non-myopic eyes (r(11) = 0.62, p = 0.02), with more induced axial elongation with increasing refractive error. Incoherent narrow-band red light at 620 nm induced axial shortening in 77% of non-myopic and 41% of myopic eyes. NIR light did not induce any significant changes in AL in either refractive group, suggesting that the beneficial effect of red laser light therapy on myopia progression requires visible stimulation and not simply thermal energy.

Simultaneous separation and determination of seven biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in Schisandra chinensis and its preparations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with dual organic solvent system.

Gomisin is a natural dibenzo cyclooctene lignan, which is mainly derived from the family Magnoliaceae. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and hypoglycemic effects. Gomisins play important roles as medicines, nutraceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. The objective of this study is to establish a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for simultaneous separation and determination of seven biphenyl cyclooctene lignans (Gomisin D, E, G, H, J, N, and O) in Schisandra chinensis and its preparations. The method was optimized by studying the effects of the main parameters on the separation. The method has been validated and successfully applied to the determination of seven Gomisins in S.chinensis and its preparations. In the separation system, the running buffer was composed of 20 mM Na2HPO4, 8.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 11% (v/v) methanol, and 6.0% (v/v) ethanol. A diode array detector was used with a detection wavelength of 230 nm, a separation voltage of 17 kV, and an operating temperature of 25°C. Under this condition, the seven analytes were separated at baseline within 20 min, and a good linear relationship was obtained with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9919 to 0.9992. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.8 to 0.9μg/mL and from 2.6 to 3.0μg/mL, respectively. The recovery rate was between 99.1% and 102.5%. The experimental results indicated that this method is suitable for the separation and determination of seven Schisandra biphenyl cyclooctene lignan compounds in real samples. At the same time, it provides an effective reference for the quality control of S.chinensis and its preparations.

Eco-friendly HPLC Method for the determination of Ranolazine using Cyclodextrin as a green additive to mobile phase

Background: Minimizing the amount of organic solvents is one of the main goals of green analytical chemistry; Therefore, a rapid, simple, sensitive, and environmentally benign method for the determination of ranolazine in bulk and pharmaceuticaldosage form was developed. Methods: The method based on using ethanol s a green solvent: (4mmol/L) sodium sulfobutyl ether-betacyclodextrin SBE-β-CD(pH in aqueous phase=4) (25:75)as a green mobile phase, C18 5𝞵 (4.6*150mm) InertSustain GL Sciences column at room temperature 35°C, the flow rate was 1mL/min, the photo diode array detector was set at 210nm and injection volume was 20μL. Results: The developed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and showed good linear relationship over the concentration range of 50-150mg/L with the correlation coefficient was obtained R2 = 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.91 and 5.81mg/L, respectively. The Precision was studied as intra- and inter-day with relative standard deviations not more than 2%, and the accuracy by mean recoveries ranged between100.1-101%. The percentage recoveries of active pharmaceutical ingredient from dosage forms ranged between 99.67 - 100.2%. Addition of cyclodexetrine derivative to the mobile phase, decreases the retention time tR of the compound by 64%, more over, it allowed the method to be greener by the ability to use high percentage of aqueous phase. GAPI and eco-scale were used to evaluate the greenness of the developed method. Conclusion: The results showed that the developed eco-friendly method is suitable for the precise, accurate and rapid determination of Ranolazine in bulk and tablet dosage forms.

Standardization and validation of a high-efficiency liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for voriconazole blood level determination.

A specialized service for antifungal blood level determination is not available in Colombia. This service is essential for the proper follow-up of antifungal therapies. To standardize and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector for voriconazole blood level quantification. We used an Agilent HPLC™ series-1200 equipment with a UVdiode array detector with an analytical column Eclipse XDB-C18 and pre-column Eclipse- XDB-C18 (Agilent). We used voriconazole as the primary control and posaconazole as an internal control. We performed the validation following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. The best chromatographic conditions were: Column temperature of 25°C, UV variable wavelength detection at 256 nm for voriconazole and 261 nm for posaconazole (internal standard); 50 μl of injection volume, 0,8 ml/min volume flow, 10 minutes of run time, and mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (60:40). Finally, retention times were 3.13 for voriconazole and 5.16 minutes for posaconazole. Quantification range varied from 0.125 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml. The selectivity and chromatographic purity of the obtained signal, the detection limits, and the standardized quantification make this method an excellent tool for the therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with voriconazole.

Diode Array Detector Based RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate and Metformin

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and reproducible diode array detector-based RP-UPLC method for simultaneous estimation of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form has been developed and validated. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 (50 × 2.1mm, 1.8μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.00) and acetonitrile (55:45% V/V) in the isocratic mode, at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min, and eluents were the simultaneous measurement of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form using a diode array detector-based RP-UPLC technique has been developed and validated. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 (50 2.1mm, 1.8 m) column and an orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.00) and acetonitrile (55:45% V/V) mobile phase in the isocratic mode.at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. Eluents were measured at 222nm. Metformin hydrochloride and dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate were shown to have retention times of 0.845 minutes and 1.889 minutes, respectively. The linearity was established in the range of 5-15μg/mL for dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate and 250-750μg/mL for metformin hydrochloride, which had a regression coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999. The % Recovery was found to be 98.77% - 99.57% and 99.15% -101.2% for dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate and metformin hydrochloride respectively. In a short period,a larger number of samplescan be analyzed due to their short retention time and, therefore, will be economical for routine analysis in the pharmaceutical industry.

Tryptophan-Doped Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ultralong-Lifetime Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Color-Tunable Afterglow Under Ambient Conditions.

The development of a persistent luminescence system with long-lived phosphorescence and color-tunable afterglow at room temperature represents a challenge, largely due to the intensive non-radiative deactivation pathway. In this study, an ultralong-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) system has been achieved using a hydrogen-bonding strategy where poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices were doped with tryptophan (Trp) derivatives. The PVA film doped with N-α-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-tryptophan (Fmoc-L-Trp) exhibited a long-lived phosphorescence emission of up to 3859.70 ms, and a blue afterglow for a duration greater than 34 s, under ambient conditions. The introduction of two other fluorescent dyes (i. e., Rhodamine B and Basicred14) to the PVA film facilitates adjustment to the color of the afterglow from blue to orange, and pink, by a triplet-to-singlet Förster-resonance energy transfer (TS-FRET) process. These films have been successfully applied in silk-screen printing and in multicolor afterglow light-emitting diode (LED) arrays.

A time-correlated single photon counting SPAD array camera with a bespoke data-processing algorithm for lightsheet fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and FLIM videos

A wide-field microscope with epi-fluorescence and selective plane illumination was combined with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array camera to enable live-cell fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) using time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). The camera sensor comprised of 192×128\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ ext {192}\ imes \ ext {128}$$\\end{document} pixels, each integrating a single SPAD and a time-to-digital converter. Jointly, they produced a stream of single-photon images of photon arrival times with ≈38 ps\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\approx \ ext {38 ps}$$\\end{document} accuracy. The photon arrival times were subject to systematic delays and nonlinearities, which were corrected by a Monte-Carlo algorithm. The SPAD camera was then applied to FLIM where histogramming the resulting photon arrival times in each pixel resulted in decays compatible with common data processing pipelines for fluorescence lifetime analysis. The capabilities of the TCSPC camera-based FLIM microscope were demonstrated by imaging living unicellular photosynthetic algae and artificial lipid vesicles. Epi-fluorescence illumination enabled rapid fluorescence lifetime imaging of living cells and selective-plane illumination enabled 3-dimensional FLIM of stationary samples.

In Silico and Chromatographic Methods for Analysis of Biotransformation of Prospective Neuroprotective Pyrrole-Based Hydrazone in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes.

In the current study, chromatographic and in silico techniques were applied to investigate the biotransformation of ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2-(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (11b) in hepatocytic media. The initial chromatographic procedure was based on the employment of the conventional octadecyl stationary phase method for estimation of the chemical stability. Subsequently, a novel and rapid chromatographic approach based on a phenyl-hexyl column was developed, aiming to separate the possible metabolites. Both methods were performed on a Dionex 3000 ThermoScientific (ACM 2, Sofia, Bulgaria) device equipped with a diode array detector set up at 272 and 279 nm for analytes detection. An acetonitrile: phosphate buffer of pH 3.5: methanol (17:30:53 v/v/v) was eluted isocratically as a mobile phase with a 1 mL/min flow rate. A preliminary purification from the biological media was achieved by protein precipitation with methanol. A validation procedure was carried out, where the method was found to correspond to all ICH (Q2) and M10 set criteria. Additionally, an in silico-based approach with the online server BioTransformer 3.0 was applied in an attempt to predict the possible metabolites of the title compound 11b. It was hypothesized that four CYP450 isoforms (1A2, 2C9, 3A4, and 2C8) were involved in the phase I metabolism, resulting in the formation of 12 metabolites. Moreover, docking studies were conducted to evaluate the formation of stable complexes between 11b and the aforementioned isoforms. The obtained data indicated three metabolites as the most probable products, two of which (M9_11b and M10_11b) were synthesized by a classical approach for verification. Finally, liquid chromatography with a mass detector was implemented for comprehensive and summarized analysis, and the obtained results revealed that the metabolism of the 11b proceeds possibly with the formation of glucuronide and glycine conjugate of M11_11b.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and UHPLC determination of ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and half-maximum effective concentration in Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi fruits using multivariate experimental design

This study aimed to determine the concentrations of ascorbic acid and polyphenols in fruits and peels of Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi grown in Ethiopia. Conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were optimized, using a multivariate experimental design. The optimum conditions of UAE were 15 min extraction time at 35 ℃, with 75 % aqueous methanol as solvent, and a fruit powder-to-solvent ratio (m/v) of 1:15. Among the different drying conditions investigated, freeze-drying was found to be appropriate for analyzing ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and antioxidant potential. The overall ranges, across the fruits and peels, of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, and antioxidant potentials (EC50) obtained were 8.7 ± 1.4–91.2 ± 2.6 mg/100 g, 253.0 ± 6.3–764.1 ± 25.8 mg GAE/100 g and 2.4 ± 0.1–26.1 ± 2.9 mg/mL, respectively. This indicates that the fruits and peels of the studied plants are advantageous as sources of ascorbic acid and polyphenols.

Development and validation of an analytical method for acetamiprid determination in plant protection products using HPLC-DAD

AbstractPlant protection products (PPP), crucial for agricultural production, are experiencing increased global demand, particularly with the growing need for food production. To meet this demand, robust analytical methods are essential for confirming the presence and determining active substance concentrations in PPP. This study introduces an analytical method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for determination of acetamiprid in water-soluble powder formulations. The method, validated according to SANCO/3030/99 rev.5, demonstrated exhibited adequate accuracy and precision, with repeatability expressed as the ratio of the standard deviation (% RSD) to the relative standard deviation (% RSDr) being lower than 1. Recoveries for the active substance at concentrations above 10% ranged from 97% to 103%. The developed method is also characterized by suitable linearity, confirmed by a correlation coefficient >0.99. Specific chromatographic profiles were generated, and acetamiprid content in 180 formulations was analyzed, including reference products. The developed method aligns with “green chemistry” principles, minimizing solvent use and emphasizing energy efficiency. Overall, it offers a comprehensive approach for qualitative and quantitative analysis, ensuring the reliability of PPP quality control.

Volatile Carbonyl Compounds Emission in Dry-Process Fibreboard: Identification through a Selective GDME-HPLC-DAD-MS/MS Method

This work presents a novel application of gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) for the extraction and identification of volatile carbonyl compounds from a dry-process fibreboard (MDF) by combining high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS). GDME is a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly technique that allows the simultaneous extraction and derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) of selected volatiles. The extraction conditions were optimized using design of experiments through a 24 full fractional design followed by a Box–Behnken design, resulting in 35 min of extraction at 45 °C using 500 µL of DNPH 0.15%. The analysis of commercial MDF samples with different characteristics, such as thickness or colour, showed a distinct emission profile of volatile carbonyls. The principal emitting compounds found were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal. A total of 25 compounds were identified using MS, including saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls, and benzaldehyde-derivatives. This method can be a valuable tool for the qualitative evaluation of VOCs released from wood-based panels and for the assessment of indoor-air quality.

Decoupling Degradations with Recurrent Network for Video Restoration in Under-Display Camera

Under-display camera (UDC) systems are the foundation of full-screen display devices in which the lens mounts under the display. The pixel array of light-emitting diodes used for display diffracts and attenuates incident light, causing various degradations as the light intensity changes. Unlike general video restoration which recovers video by treating different degradation factors equally, video restoration for UDC systems is more challenging that concerns removing diverse degradation over time while preserving temporal consistency. In this paper, we introduce a novel video restoration network, called D2RNet, specifically designed for UDC systems. It employs a set of Decoupling Attention Modules (DAM) that effectively separate the various video degradation factors. More specifically, a soft mask generation function is proposed to formulate each frame into flare and haze based on the diffraction arising from incident light of different intensities, followed by the proposed flare and haze removal components that leverage long- and short-term feature learning to handle the respective degradations. Such a design offers an targeted and effective solution to eliminating various types of degradation in UDC systems. We further extend our design into multi-scale to overcome the scale-changing of degradation that often occur in long-range videos. To demonstrate the superiority of D2RNet, we propose a large-scale UDC video benchmark by gathering HDR videos and generating realistically degraded videos using the point spread function measured by a commercial UDC system. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate the superiority of D2RNet compared to other state-of-the-art video restoration and UDC image restoration methods.