Dinoseb Acetate Research Articles

Investigation of Herbicide Decomposition Efficiency by Means of Detonative Combustion

The decomposition of seven herbicides (atrazine, linuron, lenacil, chloridazon, dinoseb acetate, prometryn, and diuron) was carried out by detonative combustion. The investigated blasting material was produced on the basis of porous ammonium nitrate, which served as an oxidizer, while the pesticides played the role of the fuel. Detonative decomposition of the mixtures was carried out in blast-holes in soil. The efficiency of the decomposition process was assessed using the techniques of gas chromatography, high-efficiency liquid chromatography, and additionally by biological tests according to the grading of the European Weed Research Council. The results demonstrate an efficient decomposition of the tested herbicides. In the tested soil samples taken after the detonation decomposition of the herbicide, no symptoms of phytotoxic effects on the plants were found. This was confirmed by the lack (or at most negligible amounts) of residual herbicides in the soil samples. Only for the samples of chloradizine and diuron were large amounts of residual biologically active substance found.

Badania wpływu herbicydów i nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość kwasów tłuszczowych w nasionach bobiku (Vicia faba) [Influence of herbicides and mineral fertilization on the fatty acids content in the seeds of the field bean (Vicia faba)

The influence of the herbicides Afalon (active substance Linuron). Gesatop 50 (active substance simazine), Aretit (active substance dinoseb acetate) was tested concomitantly with two NPK fertilization levels on the crude lipid content and the fatty acids composition of field bean seeds.

Effect of herbicides and various NPK dosage on ß-carotene content in the leaves of Vicia faba L. ssp. minor

Effect of herbicides Afalon (linuron), Aretit (dinoseb acetate), Gesatop 50 (simazine) was tested concemitantly with two NPK fertilization levels (N - 0, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> - 36 kg/ha, K<sub>2</sub>O - 60 kg/ha and N - 70 kg/ha, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> - 72 kg/ha, K<sub>2</sub>O - 120 kg/ha) on the <i>ß</i>-carotene content of field bean leaves. The carotenoids content was determined by thin-layer chromatography on magnesium oxide in the system petroleum ether: acetone (88 : 12 v/v). An increase of <i>ß</i>-carotene content in the field bean leaves at the flower-bud formation stage was found, after application of above mentioned herbicides and high dosage NPK fertilization levels. No influence of herbicides and mineral fertilization on the (<i>ß</i>-carotene content in the plant leaves could be demonstrated at the full pods stage.

PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN TUBERS OF SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN IN EGYPT

Pesticide residues in tubers of four potato varieties (Oceania, Pamina, Lady Rosetta and Lady Balfour) have been determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twelve pesticide residues including insecticides (3 organophosphorus compounds – 3 organochlorines), herbicides (4) and fungicides (2) were analyzed in the samples. The obtained results showed the predominance of propamocarb (in a range of 0.551-0.987 mgkg-1) and Ethyl -N-benzoyle – (3, 4-dichlorophenyle)-DL-alinate (0.190-0.407 mgkg-1) in all of the analyzed samples. Unforturanatly, the concentrations of propamocarb detected in all potato varieties and dimethoate in Lady Rosetta samples (0.216 mgkg1) exceeded the maximum permissible levels (MPLs). Low levels of dinoseb acetate (0.0094-0.016 mgkg-1) were determined in the analyzed samples of Oceania and Pamina varieties. The results from the current study should stimulate the Ministry of Public Health to be interested in controlling the use of pesticides in the cultivation of potatoes.

Determination of the pk values of 2,4-dinitrophenol herbicides using UV spectroscopy

Pesticides with a 2,4-dinitrophenolic part in their structure are widely used as herbicides and insecticides. For the development of a sensitive method to determine these substances in natural water, it is crucial to know whether the herbicides are present in the free phenolic or in the dissociated phenolate form. Series of solutions of dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinocap, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate and DNOC were measured in 1-cm cuvettes by UV spectroscopy with varying pH to determine the individual pK values. The results indicate the possibility of a screening method for the free phenols and the esters by appropriate selection of pH.

Einfluß der stickstoffdüngung auf den Stroh- und Celluloseabbau im Boden nach Herbizidanwendung

Under laboratory conditions straw and cellulose decomposition in three arable soils with different Nmin-contents were investigated during several successive periods after herbicide application (‘Aretit flüssig’: dinoseb acetate, ‘Flüssig Herbogil’: dinoterb, ‘NaTA’: Na-trichloroacetate, ‘Ro-Neet’: cycloate). The influence of additional nitrogen fertilization (NH4NO3, lucerne meal), on herbicide effects was also studied, because biocidal chemicals may change N-mineralization and the higher Nmin-content itself may successively modify decomposition. In all soils without herbicide treatment, lucerne meal stimulated the total cellulose decomposition, whereas mineral nitrogen enhanced it only in two mineral soils. This effect depended on soil type and duration of decomposition period. The straw decomposition, however, was less markedly affected. Inhibited cellulose and straw decomposition mainly occurred with the higher dosage (10×), of ‘Aretit flüssig’ (resp. ‘Flüssig Herbogil’), and ‘NaTA’. Depending on soil type and duration, these effects sometimes altered to stimulations. Some dose-dependent stimulations of the cellulose decomposition were diminished in mineral soils after fertilization with mineral nitrogen. Lucerne meal hardly modified the herbicide effects. The effects on straw decomposition, however, were only slightly changed by fertilization. Unter Laborbedingungen wurde der Cellulose- und Strohabbau in drei ackerbaulich genutzten Böden mit differenziertem Nmin-Gehalt nach Anwendung unterschiedlich biozider Herbizide (‘Aretit flüssig’: Dinosebacetat, ‘Flüssig Herbogil’: Dinoterb, ‘NaTA’: Na-Trichloracetat, ‘Ro-Neet’: Cycloat), über mehrere sukzessive Abbauperioden untersucht. Da biozide Chemikalien zu einer Veränderung der N-Mineralisierung führen können und andererseits der Stickstoff den Cellulose- und Strohabbau beeinflussen kann, wurde durch Zugabe verschiedener N-Dünger (NH4NO3, Luzernemehl), versucht, den modifizierenden Einfluß der Nmin-Versorgung auf die Nebenwirkungen zu erfassen. Luzernemehl erhöhte die insgesamt abgebaute Cellulosemenge in allen nicht mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln behandelten Böden, die Mineraldüngung jedoch nur in den beiden Mineralböden. Die Wirkung variiert je nach Abbauperiode und Boden. Der Strohabbau wurde nicht so deutlich beeinflußt. Von den eingesetzten Herbiziden hemmten vor allem die höheren Dosierungen (10×), von ‘Aretit flüssig’ (bzw. ‘Flüssig Herbogil’), und ‘NaTA’ den Cellulose- und Strohabbau. Je nach Boden und Abbauperiode waren die Wirkungen unterschiedlich stark und gingen zeitweise sogar in Stimulationen über. Die Mineraldüngung führte in den Mineralböden zeitweise zu einer Verringerung dieser dosisabhängigen herbizid-bedingten Stimulation des Celluloseabbaus. Die organische Düngung modifizierte die Herbizidwirkungen nicht so ausgeprägt. Beim Einfluß der Herbizide auf den Strohabbau waren die modifizierenden Wirkungen der beiden Dünger kaum erkennbar.

Einwirkung von umweltchemikalien auf bodenmikroorganismen und deren leistungen unter dem einfluß von düngung und pflanzenwuchs

Summary A loamy sand soil with low microbial activity was treated under laboratory conditions with the herbicide “Aretit flussig” (dinoseb acetate) and its combination with the chemical PCP (pentachlorophenol). In addition to the unfertilized soil, fertilization with lucerne meal or NPK was also included. The higher Aretit dosage (10×) inhibited dehydrogenase activity, short-term respiration (CO 2 production for 12 h after glucose addition), long-term respiration (carbon mineralization within 14 d), as well as the populations of fungi and actinomycetes, whereas the bacterial population of the soil was increased. The normal dosage and its combination with PCP in most cases were less inhibitory. Fertilization caused only modifications to these effects, although large variations were found in the reaction towards ammonification and nitrification. In an additional glasshouse trial with and without plants Aretit inhibited dehydrogenase activity and short-term respiration in 2 soils. The extent depends on soil type, plant growth and sampling time. The chemicals PCP and LAS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), applied singly or in combination with Aretit, also reduced the microbial activity in some cases.

Partial purification and properties of an esterase from tomato cell suspension cultures hydrolysing the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin

AbstractAn esterase which hydrolyses the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin, was isolated from tomato cell suspension cultures and purified 10‐fold. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 32 000 Dalton, the pH‐optimum 8‐0, and the temperature optimum 35°C. The esterase showed a low substrate specificity and hydrolysed certain esters, e. g. ethyl 4‐nitrobenzoate, p‐nitrophenyl acetate and dinoseb acetate, whereas ethyl butyrate and the organophosphates demeton‐S‐methyl sulfoxide and paraoxon could not be hydrolysed. Because of the additional strong inhibition of the enzyme by these organophosphates the cyfluthrin hydrolase is suggested to belong to the B‐esterase type. An apparent Km‐value of 6‐25 × 10−4 mol litre−1 was obtained for p‐nitrophenyl acetate as substrate.

Einfluß von 2 Herbiziden auf den Kohlenstoff — und Stickstoffumsatz im Boden unter Laborbedingungen bei unterschiedlicher Stickstoffdüngung

Summary Under laboratory conditions the influence of the herbicides “Aretit flussig” (dinoseb acetate) and “Goltix” (Metamitron) on nitrogen transformation (ammonification, nitrification) and carbon transformation (long-term respiration) was investigated up to 4 months. Depending on its dosage Aretit frequently stimulated ammonification, whereas long-term respiration was not as much affected. The influence of Goltix was less marked. The soil as well as the form of nitrogen fertilization (without nitrogen amendment, with lucerne meal, with horn meal or with ammonium sulphate) modified the herbicidal effects. In most cases inhibitions of the nitrification caused by the herbicides only occurred with horn meal or ammonium sulphate. The effects of the herbicides on nitrogen transformation were similar with constant temperature (20°G) and daily fluctuating temperatures (5 to 20°C).

Avaliação de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência na cultura da cebola (Allium cepa L.)

Foram conduzidos em áreas de agricultores do Projeto de Irrigação de Bebedouro, no município de Petrolina, PE, dois experimentos de campo, onde estudouse o comportamento de diferentes herbicidas, no controle de plantas daninhas e na tolerância da cultura da cebola transpl antada. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em um Latossolo Amarelo, fase arenosa, com baixos teores de argila e matéria orgânica. No experimento I aplicaram- se oxadiazon 1,00, pentimethalin 1,25 e napropamide 1,50 kg/ha em pré-emergência, dois dias após o transplante; oxifluorfen 0,24 e 0,48 kg/ha em pós-emergência precoce, dez dias após o transplante; oxadiazon 1,00, oxadiazon 1,00 + sulfato de amônio 5,00, bentazon 0,72, acifluorfen sódico 0,32, dinoseb acetato 1,50, sethodydim 0,23, alloxydim-sodium 1,12, diclofop -metil 0,72 e bentazon 0,72 + sethoxydim 0,23 kg/ha em pós -emergência, 14 dias após o transplante. No experimento II aplicaram-se oxadiazon 1,00, oxifluorfen 0,48 e 0,96 napropamide 1,50 e 3,00 kg/ha, aos dois dias após o transplante; oxifluorfen 0,48 e 0,96, bentazon 0,72 e 1,44, acifluorfen sódico 0,27 e 0,54, dinoseb acetato 1,50 3,00 e bentazon 0,72 + sethoxydim 0,23 kg/ha , aos 14 dias após o transplante. Em avaliações realizadas aos 20 e34 dias após o transplante da cultura, respectivamente nos experimentos I e II, constataramse altos índices de controle da comunidade daninha pelos herbicidas oxadiazon e oxifluorfen. Entre os outros tratamentos, destacaram-se o acifluorfen sódico no controle de folhas largas e sethoxydim, alloxydim, napropamide, pendi methalin e a mistura bentazon + sethoxyadim no controle de gramíneas.No experimento II, dinoseb acetato e principal mente napropamide afetaram o desenvolvimento da cultu ra e comprometeram a produtividade.

Testing and evaluating some methods to investigate side effects of environmental chemicals on soil microorganisms

Some methods of measuring soil biological activities (dehydrogenase activity, short- and long-term respiration, ATP content, nitrogen transformation, and straw decomposition) were used to assess their suitability for testing side effects of environmental chemicals on microbial activities. Reproducibility and, especially, the sensitivity of the methods (and activities) were important. In these investigations, the chemicals Aretit (herbicidal ingredient dinoseb acetate), pentachlorophenol, and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (LAS) were applied at different dosages. The trials were run under laboratory and field conditions to examine agreement between the results. The activities tested varied in their sensitivity to the chemicals. Dehydrogenase activity, short-term respiration, ATP content, and, in some cases, nitrogen transformation were the most sensitive, whereas straw decomposition and long-term respiration needed higher dosages for inhibitory effects. Dinoseb acetate was particularly effective. The effects of all chemicals were strongly modified by the soil type, while temperature and moisture had fewer effects. Inhibitory effects lasted several months under laboratory conditions. Agreement between laboratory and field trials was best with dehydrogenase activity.

Influence of selected pesticides on the microbial degradation of 14C-triallate and 14C-diallate in soil.

Degradation in soil of [allyl-2-14C]triallate and [carbonyl-14C]diallate herbicides, as affected by other selected pesticides, was studied in an incubation system that allowed recovery of 95 to 100% of added 14C. The amount and sequence of pesticide additions simulated field use in the protection of wheat (triallate) and sugar beets (diallate). Neither the rate nor the pattern of triallate degradation in soil was influenced by the following sequence of formulated pesticides: dinoseb acetate, (bentazon + dichlorprop + 2,4,5-T), 2,4-D, (chlorcholinchloride + cholinchloride), tridemorph, and thiophanate. Similarly, diallate degradation was unaffected by pyrazon, dimethoate, and thiophanate. The effect of azinphosmethyl was unclear. In contrast, chlorpyrifos reduced diallate degradation by approximately 14% relative to the occurring in the insecticide's absence. This effect was caused by chlorpyrifos and not its formulation components. Chlorpyrifos was also found to partially inhibit degradation of triallate in soil. Inhibition of neither herbicide was considered to be of ecological significance. Triallate, diallate, and thiophanate were applied at 1 microgram/g; all others were at 2 microgram/g.