DMSO Research Articles

Pinus sylvestris bark extract reduces the impact of Heligmosomoides bakeri infection on C57BL/6 but not on BALB/c mice (Mus musculus).

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) may improve gastrointestinal health by exerting immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and/or antiparasitic effects. Bark extracts from coniferous tree species have previously been shown to reduce the burden of a range of parasite species in the gastrointestinal tract, with condensed tannins as the potential active compounds. In the present study, the impact of an acetone extract of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) on the resistance, performance and tolerance of genetically diverse mice (Mus musculus) was assessed. Mice able to clear an infection quickly (fast responders, BALB/c) or slowly (slow responders, C57BL/6) were infected orally with 200 infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri or remained uninfected (dosed with water only). Each infection group of mice was gavaged for 3 consecutive days from day 19 post-infection with either bark extract or dimethyl sulphoxide (5%) as vehicle control. Oral administration of pine bark extract did not have an impact on any of the measured parasitological parameter. It did, however, have a positive impact on the performance of infected, slow-responder mice, through an increase in body weight (BW) and carcase weight and reduced feed intake by BW ratio. Importantly, bark extract administration had a negative impact on the fast responders, by reducing their ability to mediate the impact of parasitism through reducing their performance and tolerance. The results indicate that the impact of PSMs on parasitized hosts is affected by host's genetic susceptibility, with susceptible hosts benefiting more from bark extract administration compared to resistant ones.

The methyl-CpG binding domain 2 regulates peptidylarginine deiminase 4 expression and promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation via the Janus kinase 2 signaling pathway in experimental severe asthma

Objective The prognosis for severe asthma is poor, and the current treatment options are limited. The methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) participates in neutrophil-mediated severe asthma through epigenetic regulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. This study aims to detect if MBD2 can reduce NETs formation and the potential mechanism in severe asthma. Methods A severe asthma model was established in C57BL/6 wild-type mice exposure to house dust mite (HDM), ovalbumin (OVA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentrations of IL-4, IL-17A, and IFN-γ in lung tissues. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the percentages of Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in lung tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to assess the mRNA expression levels of MBD2, JAK2, and PAD4. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted to detect the protein of MBD2, JAK2, PAD4, and CitH3. HL-60 cells were differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by culturing in a medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide and then stimulated with LPS. KCC-07, Ruxolitinib, and Cl-amidine were used to inhibit the expressions of MBD2, JAK2, and PAD4, respectively. Results Severe asthma mice were characterized by pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The expression of MBD2, JAK2, and PAD4 was elevated in severe asthma mice. Inhibiting the expression of MBD2, JAK2, and PAD4 reduced NETs formation and decreased airway inflammation scores, total cell counts and neutrophil counts in BALF, and percentage of Th2 and Th17 cell in lung tissues, whereas increasing Treg cell counts. In both severe asthma mice and HL-60-differentiated neutrophil-like cells in vitro, inhibiting MBD2 reduced the mRNA and protein expression of JAK2 and PAD4, and inhibiting JAK2 reduced the expression of PAD4 mRNA and protein. Conclusion MBD2 regulates PAD4 expression through the JAK2 signaling pathway to promote NETs formation in mice with severe asthma. Further bench-based and bedside-based studies targeting the MBD2, PAD4, and JAK2 signaling pathways will help open new avenues for drug development of severe asthma.

In Situ Crystallization of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals within a Melt-Quenched Glassy Coordination Polymer.

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystal materials such as CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have triggered an intense research upsurge due to their excellent scintillation performance. Herein, an in situ crystallization strategy is developed to grow CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) within a low-melting-point (280 °C) coordination polymer (CP) glass. The viscosity of coordination glass is reduced through a low-temperature (e.g., 50 °C) thermal treatment, enabling the short-distance migration of uniformly dispersed ions (Cs+, Pb2+, and Br-) to achieve in situ crystallization of CsPbBr3 NCs. Benefiting from the high transmittance (80% within the 500-800 nm range) and outstanding scintillation performance, the prepared CsPbBr3@ZnBr2(bIm+DMSO)2 (bIm = benzimidazole, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) transparent luminescence glass exhibits an excellent X-ray imaging resolution of up to 25 lp/mm, outperforming many perovskite glass and crystalline scintillators. This work would provide an idea for the development of high-resolution scintillation screens that can be prepared at low temperatures.

KOtBu-Promoted [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Fullerenes.

KOtBu-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with fullerenes has been developed for facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,3,4-cyclic sulfoxide-fused [60]/[70]fullerene dihydrides, which offers a versatile platform for the site-selective preparation of various fullerene multiadducts with a wide range of functional groups. The utility of these tetra-functionalized fullerenes is demonstrated by the successful application as electron-transport materials in perovskite solar cells.

Cus@rGO Grafted PEDOT:PSS Paper‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Fenitrothion

ABSTRACTThis paper introduced an innovative paper‐based biosensor outlined for the precise and rapid detection of fenitrothion pesticide. In this work, CuS@rGO grafted PEDOT:PSS‐based conducting paper has been fabricated by simple dip coating method. Further, the CuS@rGO/PEDOT:PSS/WP electrodes were doped with multiple organic solvents such as methanol, ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to enhance the electrochemical parameters. Among all these solvents, the electrode doped with DMSO is found to have the highest conductivity. Subsequently, AChE enzyme is immobilized onto the modified electrode to accelerate the particular recognition of fenitrothion using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. Electrochemical studies have shown that this conducting paper‐based electrode possesses high sensitivity and low detection limit of 0.505 mA/pM and 0.28 pM, respectively, under a physiological range of 1–80 pM for fenitrothion (FNT) detection. This paper electrode may be a very promising alternative to ITO, gold and glassy carbon electrodes, which are known to have few uses because of their high cost, fragility, restricted flexibility, and environment concerns. The recommended biosensor's accuracy was well evaluated in two real samples like rice and tomato thereby increasing its suitability for FNT detection in real‐world circumstances.

Investigations on the effects of in vitro exposure of mouse ovaries to withaferin A, a new candidate for chemotherapy.

This study aimed to investigate, in vitro, the toxicity of WTA on ovarian follicles. Initially, a cytotoxicity assay was conducted using tumor and non-tumor cell lines to determine the IC50of the WTA and validate its antitumor activity. Mouse ovaries were cultured in vitro (IVC) for 6 days in the presence of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), doxorubicin at 0.3µg/ml (DXR), or WTA at 0.6µM or 6.0µM. DXR or WTA were added to the IVC medium once (1DXR, 1WTA0.6, 1WTA6.0) or three times (3DXR, 3WTA0.6, 3WTA6.0). After the IVC, the ovarian stroma, follicular morphology and development, cell proliferation, senescence, DNA damage, and apoptosis were assessed. The degeneration rate in 3DXR and WTA6.0 (1x and 3x) was higher (p < 0.05) compared to the DMSO group. 1DXR and 3WTA0.6 reduced (p < 0.05) the percentage of primordial follicles and increased (p < 0.05) the number of developing follicles compared to the control (CTR) and DMSO groups. An increase (p < 0.05) in lipofuscin granules was observed with DXR and WTA at both concentrations and exposure frequencies compared to the CTR. In the presence of 3WTA0.6, staining for cleaved caspase-3 was more pronounced (p < 0.05). Additionally, 3WTA0.6, 1WTA6.0, and 3DXR increased (p < 0.05) DNA fragmentation in the stroma compared to the CTR and DMSO groups. We conclude that, like chemotherapy agents used for cancer treatment, WTA induces severe cytotoxic effects on ovarian follicles and stroma, especially at high concentrations and exposure frequencies.

Efficient synthesis of polydatin by a two-enzyme coupled with one-pot method

Traditional Chinese medicine of Polygonum cuspidatum has been utilized in China for thousands of years. Its primary active compound, polydatin, exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, suppression of cough and asthma, as well as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, conventional methods for polydatin production are inadequate to satisfy the market demand. This study aims to explore the green and efficient preparation of polydatin. With resveratrol as the substrate, we efficiently synthesized polydatin by using the triple mutant IGW (Y14I/I62G/M315W) of the glycosyltransferase UGTBS based on a strategy of two-enzyme coupled with one-pot and realized the recycling of uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDPG). The conditions of the two-enzyme reaction were optimized. Under the conditions of 35 ℃, pH 8.0, IGW: AtSuSy1 activity ratio of 3:4, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) volume fraction of 5%, uridine diphosphate (UDP) concentration of 0.10 mmol/L, and sucrose concentration of 0.6 mol/L, the conversion of 2 mmol/L resveratrol reached 80.6% within 1 h, and the proportion of polydatin was over 90%. This study achieved the recycling of UDPG via a two-enzyme coupling system and shortened the reaction time. At the same time, the fed-batch strategy was adopted, and the yield of polydatin reached 6.28 g/L after 24 h in the one-pot coupling reaction, which provided a new strategy for green and efficient preparation of polydatin.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat Accelerates Wound Healing in a Mouse Hind limb Lymphedema Model.

Objective: Drugs regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α have not been investigated for wound healing in lymphedema. Therefore, we examined the effects of drug modulation of HIF-1α activity for wound healing in our previously developed mouse model of nonirradiated hind limb lymphedema. Approach: Mouse hind limb lymphedema models (n = 17) and a sham group (n = 6) were created using 8- to 10-week-old male C57BL/6N mice. Mice with hind limb lymphedema were randomized into experimental groups receiving roxadustat, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), or dimethyl sulfoxide and were given intraperitoneal injections every 2 days for up to 2 weeks. Four days after the surgery, an 8-mm diameter full-thickness skin wound was created in the hind limb. The number of days required for wound closure and the percentage of wounds closed were measured. Skin samples taken at wound creation were evaluated by histological and molecular analysis. Results: Administration of roxadustat accelerated wound healing, whereas YC-1 delayed it, with a significant decrease and increase in skin thickness, respectively. The relative mRNA expression of Hif1α, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher in the roxadustat group and that of metalloproteinase-9 was significantly lower in the roxadustat group compared with the control group. Innovation: This study is the first to demonstrate delayed wound healing in a mouse model of hind limb lymphedema and the first to demonstrate the promotion of significant wound healing through the use of roxadustat. Conclusion: Roxadustat exerts wound-healing effects and may promote the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling via gene expression in hind limb lymphedema wound models.

Management of intraocular pressure and inflammation using febuxostat film: in vitro - in vivo correlation

Background and purpose: Urate crystal accumulation may lead to the condition of ocular tophaceous gout, causing ocular inflammation and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to the triggering of several inflammatory receptors like NLRP3, A2A, and TLR4. The study has been undertaken to manage intraocular pressure and inflammation using febuxostat (FBX) film formulation for sustained and improved activity, particularly for long-term tophaceous gout patients. Experimental approach: Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose K100 matrix-based hydrogel film of FBX has been fabricated in the presence of plasticizers like triethanolamine, dimethyl-sulphoxide (DMSO), or polyethylene glycol 600 using casting and evaporation technique. Carrageenan was injected into the upper palpebral region to induce ocular inflammation, and a normotensive rabbit eye model was used for monitoring IOP. Key results: Amorphization of the drug was observed from the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results. In vitro release study revealed an improved and diffusion-controlled sustained drug release for more than 5 h (62.69 to 84.76 %). Compared to its absence, decreased IOP was extended up to 5 h using film (with DMSO). Disappearance of ocular inflammation was also observed in the test animals after 2.5 h of film application, whereas acute inflammation was continued in the group without treatment for more than 4 h. Docking study revealed good binding interaction of drug and NLRP3, A2A, and TLR4 receptor. Conclusion: Febuxostat-loaded hydrogel-forming plasticized film could be utilized to better manage and control ocular inflammation and associated IOP, particularly in ocular tophaceous gout patients.

High-Entropy Aqueous Electrolyte Induced Formation of Water-Poor Zn2+ Solvation Structures and Gradient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase for Long-Life Zn-Metal Anodes.

Electrolyte engineering has emerged as an effective strategy for stabilizing Zn-metal anodes.However, a single solute or solvent additive is far from sufficient to meet the requirements for electrolyte cycling stability. Here, we report a new-type high-entropy electrolyte composed of equal molar amounts of Zn(OTf)2 and LiOTf, along with equal volumes of H2O, triethyl phosphate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, which enhances electrolyte stability by increasing solvation entropy.Specifically, this well-designed high-entropy electrolyte reduces the content of solvated and free water molecules while forming a robust gradient solid-electrolyte interphase on the Zn anode surface, protecting the Zn anode from water-induced corrosion. Moreover, the cationic electrostatic shielding layer on the Zn anode effectively suppresses the "tip effect", enabling the uniform deposition of Zn. The synergistic effects of this mixed electrolyte effectively leverage the properties of individual additives, significantly extending the cycle life of Zn-metal anodes. Consequently, t he resulting Zn//Zn symmetric cell using this high-entropy electrolyte can operate over 8000 h at 1 mA cm-2 and 0.5 mAh cm-2. To highlight, in a Zn//V2O5·H2O pouch cell, it retains 83.1% of initial capacity after 420 cycles at 1 A g-1. Such multifunctional high-entropy electrolyte design provides a meaningful reference for stable Zn-metal anodes.

A novel cryopreservation solution for adipose tissue based on metformin

BackgroundAutologous fat grafting (AFG) often needs multiple sessions due to low volume retention. Young adipose tissue demonstrates a more pronounced therapeutic effect; thus, the cryopreservation of adipose tissue of young origin is particularly crucial. This study investigated the protective effect of a new cryopreservation solution combining trehalose, glycerol, and metformin on adipose tissue.MethodsThis study initially examined the effect of various concentrations of metformin (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM) on oxidative damage in adipose tissue to identify the optimal concentration. Subsequently, 1.5 mL of fresh human adipose tissue was subjected to freezing using trehalose + glycerol (TG group), trehalose + glycerol + metformin (TGM group), and the common cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + fetal bovine serum (FBS) (DF group). Samples were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks. After thawing, 1 mL of adipose tissue from each group was transplanted subcutaneously into the backs of nude mice. The cryoprotective effects on adipose tissue viability were evaluated during transplantation one month after transplantation.ResultsThe 2 mM concentration of metformin exhibited the lowest reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (29.20 ± 1.73) compared to other concentrations (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation and migration assays also supported the superior performance of the 2 mM concentration. Apoptotic analyses of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells showed the lowest levels in the 2 mM group. Compared to other cryopreservation groups, the adipose tissue in the TGM group closely resembled fresh adipose tissue in terms of gross structure and histological characteristics, with the lowest apoptosis rate of SVF cells. In vivo analysis revealed the highest tissue retention rate in the TGM group, with histological examination indicating robust structural integrity.ConclusionThe TGM cryopreservation solution, containing metformin, greatly preserves adipose tissue, reduces apoptosis, and improves tissue retention rates. This solution was non-toxic and safe, making it well-suited for tissue cryopreservation in clinical settings.

Monascus red pigment influence on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-mediated renal toxicity in rats

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) have been applied in several biomedical fields. However, its interaction with biological systems is less exploited. This study aimed to characterize HANPs, examine their influence on kidneys, and explore the potential protective effects of naturally extracted red pigment (RP) from Monascus purpureus against HANPs-induced renal toxicity. To this aim, forty eight adult male rats were randomly divided into 8 equal groups: a control group receiving 4% dimethyl sulfoxide (the solvent for HANPs), three groups receiving extracted RP at different doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, a group receiving HANPs at a dose of 88.3 mg/kg, and three more groups receiving a double treatment of HANPs associated with RP. The respective treatment was given daily by oral gavage to animals for 50 days which is the duration of the whole experiment. The renal toxicity caused by HANPs was manifested by aberrations in kidney function parameters, intensification of oxidative stress markers, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, an increase in inflammatory (TNF-α and TGF-β) and apoptotic (caspace-3) markers, an elevation in gene-based kidney injuries markers (Kim-1 and lipocalin-2), and pathological tissue changes were determined. Meanwhile, co-treatment with different doses of biopigment and HANPs have reduced oxidative stress via their potent antioxidant effect. This was confirmed by pronounced improvement in the measured parameters along with the histological structural enhancement in a dose dependent manner compared to controls. To sum up, RP from M. purpureus has potential protective benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of HANPs.

Photostability of Indium Phthalocyanines in Organic Solvents

The effects of photochemical reactions induced by UV radiation in solutions of metal phthalocyanines were carried out to determine the factors that might influence the photostability of photosensitized phthalocyanines. Three different indium phthalocyanines, including the diindium triple-decker phthalocyanine, In2Pc3 (1), sandwich indium phthalocyanine, InPc2 (2) and iodoindium phthalocyanine, InPcI (3) in benzene, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane (DCM) and 1-chloronaphtalene, were studied. The rate of decay of absorption is explained by a decomposition reaction that is of first-order kinetics with respect to the phthalocyanine concentration. In general, the presence of ligand I− in phthalocyanine InPcI enhances the rate of decomposition. The kinetics of the degradation process proved to depend on the molecular structure of the complex and seems to be controlled by interactions of the macrocycle bridging nitrogen atoms with the solvent molecules. The indium phthalocyanines in benzene displayed the capacity for singlet oxygen generation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Bases and Their Ag(I) Complexes Containing 2,5,6-Trisubstituted Imidazothiadiazole Derivatives: Molecular Docking and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects Against Nonsmall Lung Cancer Cell Line.

In this study, four novels 2,5,6-trisubstituted imidazothiadiazole derivative ligands and their Ag(I) complexes were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic analysis techniques. First, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative (3) was obtained from the reaction of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol with benzyl bromide in the presence of KOH in an ethanolic medium. In the next step, the resultant compound reacted sequentially with four substituted phenacyl bromide derivatives (4a-4d) under refluxed ethanol for 24 h to obtain substituted 2-(benzylthio)-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (5-8). Compounds (9-12) were obtained by attaching a carbonyl group to carbon number 5 of the imidazothiadiazole group in these compounds with the help of Vilsmeier-Haack reagent. The resultant compounds were reacted in an ethanolic medium to synthesize the novel (13-16) ligands by adding ethylenediamine in a 1:2 molar ratio. The Ag(I) complexes of the resultant ligands were synthesized by mixing silver acetate with the ligands in a dimethyl sulfoxide medium to obtain (17-20) complexes. All the synthesized compounds were analyzed using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, ICP-OES, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The study also investigates the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the ligands and complexes on A549 (nonsmall cell lung cancer) cells using the MTT assay and shows that the 13, 15, and 16 ligands, together with their complexes, exhibit potent cytotoxicity. In addition, in silico molecular docking simulations were conducted both to support the in vitro cytotoxicity experiments and to ascertain the active binding sites and interactions of the ligands and complexes on the EGFR receptor. The result indicates that ligands and complexes may serve as promising candidates for further investigation as anticancer agents.

Minute-Level Room-Temperature Switching and Long Cycle Stability of Thermochromic Inorganic Perovskite Smart Windows.

Perovskite smart windows (PSWs) are widely investigated owing to excellent thermochromic properties, while restricted by poor transition performance and cycle stability. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide vapor is utilized as an induction reagent for rapid reversible switching at room temperature between the colored and bleached phases. To obtain PSWs with different optical properties and transition performance, red CsPbIBr2, yellow Rb0.5Cs0.5PbIBr2 and brown CsSn0.1Pb0.9IBr2 are prepared through alloying. The perovskites can exhibit reversible switching at 27.4-34.3°C within 1.9-5.1min. Even after 100 cycles, they exhibit remarkable stability of luminous transmittance (retention ≥97.4%) and transition time (retention ≥97.6%). Experimental characterization proves that the reversible switching occurs between colored three-dimension perovskite phase and bleached zero-dimension perovskite phase. In the field test (air temperature=21.6-26.5°C), model houses with PSWs exhibit a maximum indoor temperature drop of 4.2°C. Furthermore, they exhibit considerable temperature modulation ability up to 7.9°C under a solar simulator (temperature of the control model house=60°C). The decrease in the luminous transmittance of the PSWs after 20 days is 2.9%, indicating excellent long-term stability. This study offers PSWs with prominent transition performance and long cycle stability.

Exploring Dynamics and Intermolecular Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Reline and DMSO: An Investigation Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques.

Reline, which is composed of choline chloride and urea in a molar ratio of 1:2, is the first and most extensively studied deep eutectic solvent (DES). In certain applications, reline is blended with organic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in most cases, to gain improved properties. Therefore, it is crucial to have a profound understanding of the impact of DMSO on the dynamics and structures of the species in the binary mixtures. In this study, neat reline and ten reline/DMSO mixtures, with DMSO molar fraction ranging from 0.1 to 0.95, were investigated primarily through a combined approach utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques. Based on our investigation, we probed a significant transition of the binary mixtures from large molecule solutions or viscous liquids to nonviscous small-molecule solutions at a DMSO molar fraction of 0.7. Specifically, upon analyzing the self-diffusion coefficient, 1H T1 and 1H T2, we observed a notable increase in the molecular mobility of the species within the reline/DMSO system, particularly when the DMSO molar fraction exceeded 0.7. Drawing upon the FT-IR findings, we suggest that the enhanced molecular mobility, as evidenced by NMR analysis, is correlated with the disruption of molecular hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the -NH2 and -OH groups. Furthermore, based on 1D 1H, 1D 15N, and 2D 1H-1H COSY spectra, it was revealed that the interaction between urea and choline remains relatively stable until the DMSO fraction exceeds 0.7, whereupon it exhibited a notable weakening as the DMSO fraction increases from 0.7 to 0.95. In the meantime, DMSO molecules predominantly engage in hydrogen bond interactions with urea and choline when the DMSO molar fraction exceeds 0.7. Our results align well with previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies and provide profound insights into the significant transition in the reline/DMSO mixture system.

Rapid and Controlled Assembly of Polysubstituted Furans and Their Oligoaryls from Alkynes and Aldehydes Facilitated by Sequential Deprotonation.

A new sequential deprotonation strategy of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propargyl alcohol in the presence of a base was developed for the generation of the α-hydroxyl carbanion, which enables rapid and controllable access to a wide range of valuable highly functionalized furans in one pot from alkynes and aldehydes under transition-metal- and additive-free conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the crucial role of the base and DMSO. More importantly, deuterium labeling experiments confirmed the formation of the α-hydroxyl carbanion.

Elaborating H-bonding effect and excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole based D-π-A fluorescent dye.

2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) derivatives with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure have received extensive attention as a class of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) compounds in the fields of biochemistry and photochemistry. The effects of electron-donors (triphenylamine and anthracenyl), the position of substituents and solvent polarity on the fluorescence properties and ESIPT mechanisms of HBT derivatives were investigated through time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. Potential energy curves (PECs) and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) reveal that the introduction of the triphenylamine group on the benzene ring enhances intramolecular HB, thereby benefiting the ESIPT process. Analysis of their spectra reveals that P-TPA (para position for TPA) and M-TPA (meta position for TPA) are both excellent candidates for fluorescent dyes because of their large Stokes shifts. The PECs of four derivatives indicate that the ESIPT process of P-TPA in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent is the most likely to occur. The research revealed that both P-TPA and P-En (para positions for both TPA and En) can undergo a spontaneous transformation from the enol to the keto form in the S1 state. Furthermore, the ESIPT process was found to be enhanced with an increase in polarity. The energy barrier of P-TPA(N*) → P-TPA(K*) is 3.06 kcal mol-1 in the S1 state and its reversed energy barrier is 4.47 kcal mol-1. The para triphenylamine group could accelerate the ESIPT reactions, as it has a greater impact on the excited state intramolecular hydrogen bond (ESIHB) compared to meta-substitution of the triphenylamine group.

Using the TOPSIS method to select the best low-toxicity organic cosolvent for rice-based toxicity tests.

The application of low-toxicity cosolvents in phytotoxicity tests is a common technique to enhance the distribution of non-water-soluble organic pollutants in the aqueous phase. In this study, the physiological and biochemical responses of rice seedlings to four commonly used organic solvents i.e., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, and Tween-80 were investigated using 16 parameters to assess their impacts on rice plants. Results from phytotoxicity tests indicated that these organic solvents caused varying toxic responses in rice plants and significantly affected the uptake and distribution of mineral nutrients within rice tissues. In order to select the best organic solvent for rice-based toxicity tests among the four solvents with optimal concentrations, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was employed to minimize the variations across different treatment groups. Three different weighting coefficients, namely entropy weight coefficients (EWCs), contribution factor coefficients (CFCs), and combination effective coefficients (CECs) were adopted to calibrate the initially created evaluation matrices. All estimations were judged by the relative closeness coefficients, in which the higher relative closeness value means the better solution to the optimal result. Among the four organic solvents evaluated by TOPSIS, pyridine at 1.24 mmol/L emerged as the most effective solution for rice-based phytotoxicity tests. Overall, this study represents the first attempt to comprehensively evaluate the toxic responses of cosolvents to rice plants using the TOPSIS method. It also offers valuable insights into a number of ecotoxicological applications like the analysis of solvent-generated extracts of environmental matrices from soils and sediments, or the detection of organic compounds induced toxicity with cosolvents.

Role of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Concentration on Hole Transport Mechanism and Efficiency of Hybrid Solar Cells

Role of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Concentration on Hole Transport Mechanism and Efficiency of Hybrid Solar Cells