Temperament Dimensions Research Articles

Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variation and sensory processing sensitivity-Comparison with other anxiety-related temperamental dimensions.

BackgroundThe short (s) allele of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene SLC6A4 has previously been associated with anxiety‐related personality dimensions. However, this relationship has not been confirmed in all studies and may be modified by environmental circumstances and/or psychiatric illness. This study examined whether the temperamental trait sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), characterized by increased responsivity to environmental stimuli, is related to 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 genotype.Methods5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotypes, level of SPS, self‐reported Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profiles, and symptoms of psychological distress (SCL‐90R Global Severity Index) were determined for 405 healthy volunteers.ResultsSensory processing sensitivity was highly correlated with the anxiety‐related dimensions of the NEO‐PI‐R and the TCI models of personality, Neuroticism, and Harm Avoidance, respectively. However, the level of SPS was not associated with the combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance were also not associated with 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Correcting for symptoms of psychological distress had no effect on the relationships between personality and genotype.ConclusionThe level of SPS was not associated with serotonin transporter gene variation. Further, combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotype was not associated with other anxiety‐related dimensions.

Association of screen time with long-term stress and temperament in preschoolers: results from the DAGIS study

Screen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized. Long-term stress was assessed using hair cortisol concentration, indicating values of the past 2 months. Temperament was reported by the parents using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (the Very Short Form), and three broad temperament dimensions were constructed: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Screen time was reported by the parents over 7 days. The highest education level in the household was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. In total, 779 children (mean age, 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 52% boys) were included in the study. Of the temperament dimensions, a higher effortful control was associated with less screen time (B = − 6.70, p = 0.002). There was no evidence for an association between hair cortisol concentration and screen time nor a moderating role of socioeconomic status in the associations (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that preschool children with a higher score in effortful control had less screen time. Because effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.What is Known: • Screen time has increased rapidly during the last decades, and higher screen time has been linked with numerous adverse health consequences in children. • There are no previous studies investigating associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in young children.What is New: • Of the temperament dimensions, effortful control was associated with higher screen time in preschool children, but there was no association found between long-term stress and screen time. • Since effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.

A Comparative Study on The Personality Differences Between Tibetan and Chinese College Students——Look at Temperament Types in Paintings

Objective: To explore new ideas by comparing the individual differences reflected in the paintings of Tibetan and Han college students,in order to better carry out the mental health education of Tibetan college students to accumulate information. Methods: Firstly, according to the four temperament types, the painting characteristics were classified.Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the painting characteristics of 1221 college students’ HTP test (including 704 Han people, 517 Tibetan people, 403 male students and 818 female students), it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of line, disorder degree and facial features emphasis in the paintings of Han and Tibetan college students. Results: There are significant differences between Han and Tibetan college students in Sanguine temperament dimension (t = -5.066, P < 0.05). Conclusion: People with different temperament types often have different thinking and behavior styles, Tibetan college students have been influenced by their own culture and traditional habits since they were young, with obvious personality characteristics, therefore, it is better to carry out ideological and political education or psychological assistance on the basis of understanding their psychological and behavioral characteristics and combining their personality characteristics.

Temperament in Captivity, Environmental Enrichment, Flight Ability, and Response to Humans in an Endangered Parrot Species

ABSTRACT Temperament assessment is useful in reintroduction programs. Reactivity to humans and flight ability are also important behavioral aspects for captive parrots candidates to reintroduction. The study aimed: a) to evaluate if behavioral responses to environmental enrichment differ as a function of temperament in captive Vinaceous-breasted Amazon parrots (Amazona vinacea) and b) to evaluate if the behavioral responses to environmental enrichment are related to flight ability and animal’s reaction to human when offered food. A temperament assessment was performed and behavioral evaluations of parrots (n = 13) using an ethogram were carried out, in two phases: unenriched and enriched. Flight skill and food reward tests were also performed. Two temperament dimensions were described (“vigilance” and “risk-taking”). Parrots categorized as “vigilant” spent less time feeding on the feeder and interacting with environment. Animals with compromised flight ability spent more time preening, had lower frequency of vocalizations, tended to have fewer negative social interactions, and interacted less with the enrichment than individuals with better flight ability. Flight performance and temperament of captive parrots should be considered while planning and executing environmental enrichment techniques.

Is an irritable ADHD profile traceable using personality dimensions? Replicability, stability, and predictive value over time of data-driven profiles

Pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous condition. In particular, children with ADHD display varying profiles of dispositional traits, as assessed through temperament and personality questionnaires. Previous data-driven community detection analyses based on temperament dimensions identified an irritable profile of patients with ADHD, uniquely characterized by elevated emotional dysregulation symptoms. Belonging to this profile increased the risk of developing comorbid disorders. Here, we investigated whether we could replicate this profile in a sample of 178 children with ADHD, using community detection based on personality dimensions. Stability of the identified profiles, of individual classifications, and clinical prediction were longitudinally assessed over a 1-year interval. Three personality profiles were detected: The first two profiles had high levels of neuroticism, with the first displaying higher ADHD severity and lower openness to experience (profile 1; N = 38), and the second lower agreeableness (profile 2; N = 73). The third profile displayed scores closer to the normative range on all five factors (profile 3; N = 67). The identified profiles did only partially replicate the temperament-based profiles previously reported, as higher levels of neuroticism were found in two of the three detected profiles. Nonetheless, despite changes in individual classifications, the profiles themselves were highly stable over time and of clinical predictive value. Whereas children belonging to profiles 1 and 2 benefited from starting medication, children in profile 3 did not. Hence, belonging to an emotionally dysregulated profile at baseline predicted the effect of medication at follow-up over and above initial ADHD symptom severity. This finding suggests that personality profiles could play a role in predicting treatment response in ADHD.

Temperament, Character, and Defense Mechanism Changes With Treatment in Depression: A 9-Month Naturalistic Follow-up.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in temperament, character, and defense mechanisms with the treatment and remission in patients with major depressive disorder. The study was designed as a longitudinal observational follow-up study of patients with repeated measures at 0, 12, and 36 weeks. In baseline comparisons, the major depression group showed higher harm avoidance and novelty seeking scores and lower self-directness and mature defense styles scores compared with healthy controls. In the follow-up, temperament dimensions and neurotic defenses remained unchanged, mature defense styles and self-directness revealed significant increase, and immature defense styles revealed significant decrease. Although there was no significant difference in the defense styles, harm avoidance and novelty seeking scores remained higher in MDD patients compare with healthy controls in 36 weeks. Our findings regarding continuation of hierarchically upward improvement in defense mechanism after the remission may support importance of treatment after remission.

Temperament, Character, and Subjective Well-Being in Croatian War Veterans Suffering From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Subjective well-being is decreased in war-affected populations. However, no previous research has investigated the role of temperament and character dimensions in life satisfaction among war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study enrolled 148 Croatian male war veterans being treated for combat-related PTSD. The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Two multivariate regression analyses with life satisfaction as a dependent variable and temperament and character dimensions, respectively, as predictor variables, were performed. Temperament dimensions harm avoidance and novelty seeking as well as character dimensions self-directedness and cooperativeness were unique predictors of life satisfaction, while controlling for the influence of depressive symptoms, education level, and employment status. Given the influence of personality dimensions on life satisfaction, the routine assessment of these dimensions might help to establish the individually tailored treatment among war veterans with PTSD.

Sex differences in associations between early adversity, child temperament, and behavior problems

Early adversity is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems among children, and effects of adversity on dimensions of child temperament may underlie these links. However, very little is known about the role of child sex in these processes. The current study examined whether there are indirect effects of early adversity on behavior problems through dimensions of child temperament and whether these indirect effects vary across child sex. Participants in this multimethod (parent-report survey, semistructured interview, child protection records) study included 274 preschool-aged children (Mage = 50.86 months; 52% with documented case of moderate to severe maltreatment) and their primary caregivers assessed at two time points spaced 6 months apart. Results of multigroup path analyses revealed that while anger mediated associations between lifetime stress and behavior problems for the full sample, inhibitory control and appropriate attentional allocation were significant intermediary mechanisms of lifetime stress for boys, but not for girls. Inhibitory control mediated associations between maltreatment and behavior problems for the full sample, but appropriate attentional allocation mediated these associations for boys only. Results suggest that early adversity influences child behavior problems through child temperament, particularly for boys. This work supports the perspective that temperament is influenced by characteristics of the early rearing environment, and the indirect effects of adversity on behavior problems through temperament vary across sex.

The Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Approach on Temperament and Character Dimensions among Probative University Students

Abstract Introduction: Academic achievements, and related effective factors addressed by researchers in this field, have become a new center of attention for planners of higher educational systems. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of solution-focused approach, on temperament and character dimensions of probative university students. Method: The study was experimental involving pre-test and post-test, which was carried out on both experimental, and control groups on 40 students of University of Zanjan. Participants were randomly selected and placed into control and experimental groups, each containing 20 members. Pre-test was implemented on both groups, and solution-focused approach was executed on the experimental group at presence of an advisor during 9 sessions (2h) per week. During this period, no intervention was conducted on the members of the control group. Post-test was administered on both groups. Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) was employed for data collection. In addition, data analysis was carried out using inferential statistics, known as analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), accompanied by SPSS (v.22) software. Results: Research findings suggested that, solution-focused approach had no effect on novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependency, persistence and self-transcendence as the temperament dimensions of probative students while it affected cooperativeness and self-directedness as character dimensions. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that solution-focused approach affects cooperativeness and self-directedness as character dimensions of probative university students.

Temperament in preadolescence is associated with weight and eating pathology in young adulthood.

ObjectiveFew longitudinal studies have investigated the role of temperament traits on weight and eating problems thus far. We investigated whether temperament in preadolescence influences body weight and the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodThis study used data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2,230) from preadolescence into adulthood. At age 11, the temperament dimensions negative affectivity and effortful control were measured with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised. Body mass index (BMI) was measured at all assessment waves. At age 19, the prevalence of eating disorders was investigated by two‐stage screening including interviews by eating disorder experts. At age 22 and 26, the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale was used to assess the level of eating pathology.ResultsHigher negative affectivity in preadolescence was associated with higher BMI and eating pathology in young adulthood. Lower effortful control in preadolescence was found to be a risk factor for the development of obesity in young adulthood. No association was found between effortful control in preadolescence and eating pathology in later life.DiscussionBoth negative affectivity and effortful control play a role in the development of weight or eating problems during adolescence.

Maternal Antenatal Depression and Early Childhood Sleep: Potential Pathways Through Infant Temperament.

Maternal depression is associated with infant and child sleep patterns, and with infant temperament. Here, we examine whether infant temperament mediated an association between maternal antenatal depression and toddler sleep. Within the prebirth longitudinal cohort Growing Up in New Zealand, symptoms of antenatal and postnatal depression were measured in 5,568 women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Infant temperament was measured at age 9 months using the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R VSF). Sleep duration and nighttime awakenings were reported by parents when children were 2 years old. Independent associations of maternal depression with child sleep patterns at age 2 years, adjusted for maternal demographics, physical health, family relationships, and child health and feeding, were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The odds of having ≥2 nighttime awakenings were increased for children whose mothers had antenatal (1.36, 1.07-1.73) but not postnatal (1.22, 0.88-1.68) or both antenatal and postnatal depression (0.89, 0.56-1.36). There was no association of maternal depression with shorter sleep duration. Two of five dimensions of infant temperament (fear and negative affect) were associated with both antenatal depression scores and increased nighttime awakenings. Mediation analyses controlling for postnatal depression and other predictors of child sleep supported an indirect pathway of antenatal depression to child sleep through infant temperamental negative affectivity. Antenatal depression is independently associated with more frequent nighttime awakenings in early childhood. Findings support an indirect pathway through infant negative affect characteristics.

Personality and Cognitive Functions in Violent Offenders - Implications of Character Maturity?

Previous research has suggested that personality and cognitive functions are essential in the emergence of persistent aggressive antisocial behaviors and that character maturity could be an important protective factor against these behaviors. The aims of this study were (1) to determine associations between personality traits, intellectual ability, and executive function in young male violent offenders, and (2) to investigate differences in intellectual ability and executive function between groups of violent offenders with low, medium, and high character maturity. A cohort of 148 male violent offenders (18–25 years of age) participated in this study. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used as a self-report measure of personality traits, and cognitive functions were measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Intellectual ability was negatively correlated to the temperament dimension Harm Avoidance and the character dimension Self-Transcendence, and positively correlated to the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and the temperament dimension Novelty Seeking. Visual sustained attention correlated positively to the temperament dimension Persistence and negatively to the temperament dimension Harm Avoidance. Spatial working memory correlated negatively to the character dimension Cooperativeness. Character maturity, however, did not affect intellectual and executive functions to a statistically significant degree. Our findings indicate that offender personality characteristics such as optimism, responsibility, empathy, curiosity, and industry that would seem more favorable to positive intervention outcomes are related to better cognitive functioning. Possible implications are that interventions in offender populations could be more effective if tailored to participants’ personality dimensions and cognitive proficiencies, rather than offered as “one size fits all.”

Comorbilidad afectiva en personas con hipertensión arterial: un estudio de caso-control en adultos dominicanos

En la literatura científica se encuentra un gran número de controversias y resultados dispares a la hora de explicar la relación entre la hipertensión arterial y algunas variables vinculadas a la afectividad negativa, como la depresión, la ansiedad y la ira. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo principal analizar medidas de ansiedad, depresión e ira en personas adultas que padecen de hipertensión arterial (HTA). A partir de un diseño de caso-control, se contrastaron dos grupos, uno conformado por personas con HTA (n = 50) y otro de control equiparado en número de casos, edad y sexo. A nivel general, el grupo de HTA mostró mayores niveles de depresión ¾en su dimensión somática¾ y de ira-rasgo ¾en su dimensión de temperamento¾. Asimismo, las personas con HTA presentaron síntomas de irritabilidad y pérdida de energía ¾síntomas depresivo-somáticos¾, además de que tendían a enojarse con facilidad o rápidamente —sín- tomas de temperamento de ira¾. El abordaje de estos factores psicológicos comórbidos resulta de relevancia dado que en estudios precedentes ha demostrado aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento médico en pacientes que han sido diagnosticados con hipertensión o patologías similares.

Temperament and Home Environment Characteristics as Predictors of Young Children’s Learning Motivation

This study investigated the relationship between the temperament dimensions, home environment factors, and the two types of young children’s learning motivation. The study aimed to investigate the relative contributions of predictors and identify the predictors of young children’s intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation in a classroom-based setting. To do this, 296 mothers of 5-year-old Korean children responded to a survey on children’s temperament and home environment. Teachers of the same children rated the children’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Five temperament dimensions and two home environment factors were associated with children’s motivation in class. After controlling for family socioeconomic status and children’s gender, children’s level of attentional focusing and the verity of developmental stimulus presented at home made unique contributions to their intrinsic learning motivation in class. However, children’s extrinsic motivation was not predicted by any of the children’s temperament and home environment characteristics.

Predictability of temperaments and negative experiences on higher-order symptom-based subtypes of depression

BackgroundThe identification of subtypes of depression based on higher-order symptoms of emotional, thought, and behavioral dysfunction will broaden understanding of the heterogeneity in depression. Furthermore, exploring the ability of temperaments and negative experiences to predict each subtype is an effective way of facilitating treatment decisions. MethodsParticipants were 417 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder at the psychiatry department of a major medical hospital in Seoul, Korea. A latent profile analysis was performed based on three higher-order scales of the MMPI-2-RF: Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction, Thought Dysfunction, and Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction. Four temperament dimensions were assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short, and negative experiences including recent negative life events, number of lifetime traumatic events, and severity of maltreatment, were used as covariates in a multinomial regression analysis. ResultsFour classes were obtained from the latent profile analysis: a “severe mood class” (39.8%), a “moderate mood class” (37.4%), a “mild mood class” (11.3%), and a “severe mood/thought class” (11.5%). Among temperament dimensions, high harm avoidance and low persistence significantly predicted more severe mood classes. Low reward dependence, number of lifetime traumatic events, and severity of maltreatment in negative experiences were significant predictors of the severe mood/thought class. LimitationsThis study could not explain the more detailed heterogeneity within depression because of over-inclusiveness of the higher-order scales. ConclusionsThis study identified three latent classes that differed in emotional severity and one other class with thought problems. The distinct dimensions of temperament and different types of negative experiences predicted the identified subtypes.

Independent and interactive associations of temperament dimensions with educational outcomes in young adolescents

Few studies investigate temperament interactions and its association with education in young adolescents. Here we examine a sample of 1540 adolescents (9–14 years of age, 733 females) from a community-based study in Brazil. Temperament was derived from adolescents' reports to the Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire. Educational outcomes were measured by counting suspension, repetition and dropout events, parent reports on overall academic performance and by reading and writing standardized tests. We used mixed effects models to test associations of temperament dimensions with educational outcomes and tested interactions among effortful control and affective temperament dimensions. Models including temperament were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, intelligence and psychopathology. We found that high effortful control and fear were independently associated with better educational measurements, whereas high levels of frustration and surgency were independently associated with worse educational measurements. When all temperament dimensions were included at the same time, effortful control was the only significant predictor for educational outcomes. After multiple comparisons adjustment, effortful control and frustration interacts, such that low frustration and low effortful control were a detrimental combination for poor reading ability.

Ispitivanje kompatibilnosti temperamenta kod parova u ljubavnim vezama

Fisher's model assumes four biologically determined temperament dimensions. Exploring their role in the initial stage of dating, compatibility of the two dimensions was established. More specifically, for individuals with the expressed dimension curious/energetic and/or cautious/social norm compliant, it is more likely that they will choose for their date a person whose dimension corresponds to their temperament dimension. For analytical/tough- -minded individuals, it is more likely that they will choose a person whose dimension is prosocial/empathetic and vice versa (Fisher et al., 2010b). Starting from the above, the aim of this research was to test the temperament dimensions relationship on a sample of 276 couples who have been at least a year in a relationship. Correlation analyses of the results of couples who are in a relationship have confirmed the expected relations between their dimensions. A medium positive relationship was obtained for the dimension cautious/social norm compliant, while a low but significant positive correlation was confirmed for the dimension curious/energetic. In accordance with the expected, significant and also low positive correlations between the analytical/tough-minded dimension in men and prosocial/empathetic one in women and vice versa have been obtained. In addition to the dimension of temperament, the results show medium positive correlations between the partner's religiosity and their opinion of the importance of sex in a relationship. Between their age, level of education and political orientation, significant, but weaker positive correlations have been established.

The contribution of temperament and parental behaviour to the developmental outcomes of preschool children

The aim of this study was to examine whether the dimensions of parental behavioural style contribute to the explanation of the developmental characteristics of preschool children beyond children’s temperamental characteristics. A total of 194 parents of one preschool child, of which 95.36% were mother, participated in the study. The EASI temperament survey, the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale and the Preschool Child Development Assessment Questionnaire were used. The results suggested a significant correlation between the dimensions of temperament according to the EASI model (emotionality, activity, sociability and impulsivity), the functional developmental characteristics of the child and some dimensions of parenting. No significant differences were found in the assessments of temperamental characteristics and developmental outcomes between boys and girls. The results of regression analyses showed that temperamental dimensions assessments explained significant portion of preschool children developmental outcomes variance (between 56% and 74%). Furthermore, with temperamental characteristics being controlled for, the dimensions of parental behaviour did not significantly increase portion of explained criteria variance. In addition to the limitations of the study, the results were discussed in the context of existing knowledge on the developmental outcomes of preschool children with special emphasis on the importance of recognizing and understanding temperament as an important determinant of development in early ages.

Temperament and Character Traits of Personality in a Sample of Patients Admitted to the Emergency Unit with a Suicide Attempt

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate a sample of suicide attempters regarding temperament and character dimension scores and compare them with psychiatrically healthy individuals considering the influence of demographic risk factors. Methods: This study enrolled consecutive 50 patients (39 women, 11 men) with a mean age of 24.12 (SD ± 8.83) years who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Bezmialem Vakif University hospital for a recent self – or not self-reported suicide attempt. The control group consisted of age – and gendermatched 50 healthy subjects (34 women, 11 men) who had not a documented axis I psychiatric disorder or a previous suicide attempt with a mean age of 26.46 (SD ± 5.6). A semi-structured sociodemographic and clinical data form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), and the Turkish version of Temperament and Character Inventory (Turkish-TCI) were administered to all participants. Following screening of all variables for the accuracy of data entry, missing values, and homoscedasticity, statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the patients and psychiatrically healthy controls mean values in terms of Impulsiveness and Disorderliness subscales of Novelty Seeking; Harm Avoidance and its all subscales, Sentimentality subscale of Reward Dependence; Self-Transcendence and its subscales of Self-Forgetfulness, Transpersonal Identification and Spiritual Acceptance scores were significantly higher in patients with suicide attempt compared to the control group. Patient group also exhibited significantly lower mean values of Self-Directedness, Persistence, and Cooperativeness scales compared to the psychiatrically healthy controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggested that patients with a history of suicide attempts have abnormal TCI profiles linked to higher harm avoidance, novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores compared to psychiatrically healthy controls. Since personality traits play an important role in the prediction of suicidality, clinicians should be aware of personality–psychopathology relations for assessment and developing treatment strategies of the patients with suicide attempt.

Temperament and Character Dimensions of Personality in Individuals with Online Gambling Disorder in a High School Student Sample from Turkey

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between online gambling addiction, temperament, and attachment styles in an adolescent sample in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: The participants of the study consisted of 790 adolescents who are high school students. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected, and Temperament and Character Inventory - Turkish Version (Turkish-TCI), Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), Specific Internet, Online Gambling and Online Sexuality Addiction Scale were administered. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 24.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). All variables were screened for accuracy of data entry, missing values, and homoscedasticity. Results: Online gambling addiction scores were significantly higher in male participants (M = 1.83, SD = 1.09) compared to female participants (M = 1.28, SD = 0.67). A statistically significant difference was found when the online gambling addiction mean scores were compared in terms of maternal education level of the participants [F (5,666) = 2.82, p < 0.05, 2 = 0.021]. It has been observed that sentimentality, which is one of the temperamental features, contributes 2.3% to the total variance in addition to age and average daily internet usage, negatively and significantly predicting online gambling addiction (β = -0.163, p < 0.01). All three variables together explained 9.1% of the total variance. Furthermore, study results revealed statistically significant correlations between online gambling addiction scores and Secure (r = 0.09, p < 0.05) and Preoccupied (r = 0.10, p < 0.05) subscales of the RSQ. Conclusions: Online gambling addiction was predicted by sentimentality subscale of Reward Dependence, and it was related to Secure and Preoccupied attachment styles. Sentimentality subscale of Reward Dependence (RD) was found to be a significant predictor of online gambling addiction.