Dimensions Of Representation Research Articles

THE POWER OF BU TEJO AND DIAN? THE ANALYSIS OF FEMINIST POWER RELATION IN THE FILM TILIK

Tilik is a short film directed by Wahyu Agung Prasetyo. Given that the film's plot is primarily focused on the relationships of its female characters, the problem of female representation cannot be ignored. This article focuses on the power dynamic between the film's two central female characters, Bu Tejo and Dian, through the lens of Amy Allen's feminist perspective on power. The analysis identifies four dimensions of representation that contribute significantly to the development of their power relationship: physical appearance, marital status, gender role depiction, and socioeconomic status. The underlying significance of the power relationship between Bu Tejo and Dian in the film is analyzed through qualitative Content Analysis and Contextual Analysis approaches. This study reveals that the film portrays both women ambiguously, how patriarchal society creates an ecosystem that pits women against one another for power, and how the minor male characters in the film continue to exert signifficant influence over Bu Tejo and Dian in acquiring, maintaining, and exercising their power in a patriarchal society.

ADOBE FLASH PROFFESIONAL BERBASIS MULTIPEL REPRESENTASI PADA MATERI KIMIA LARUTAN

Chemical phenomena can be explained by three levels of representation, namely macroscopic, sub microscopic and symbolic. Chemistry learning media which includes three dimensions of representation can make it easier for students to build chemical concepts. The aim of this research is to produce a valid multipeld representation-based media on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution course, to know students respond toward multipel representation-based media on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution course that developed. This study was categorized as research and development (RnD). The media development procedure used in this research through 7 phase and adapted from Borg & Gall development model. The collecting data procedure used are interview and questionnaire. This research involve 2 material experts, chemistry teacher and expert lecturer, 1 media expert and 1 language expert. The subject of this research involve 6 students for small scale research and 30 students for medium scale research. The result of this study showed the developed media is valid and appropriate to use with detail score; 4 from experts lecturer (very good), 3.55 from chemistry teacher (very good), 3.46 from media expert (very good), 3.55 from language expert (very good), while students respond in small scale research get score percentage 90% (really agree) and students respond in medium scale research get percentage score 90.5% (really agree)

(Il)liberal Organisation? Internal Party Democracy on the European Radical Left

The relationship between the European radical left and democracy has come into attention due to the electoral surges of some such parties and their participation in government. Its scrutiny, however, remains ambivalent, at a time contemporary democracies are experiencing historic disruptions affecting how people engage with parties. This study offers an organisational perspective of the European radical left in order to map out and elaborate on patterns of democratic practice in this party family, as measured against a broadly liberal benchmark. Using a modified version of the internal party democracy (IPD) index developed by Rahat and Shapira (2017), the study compares fifteen parliamentary radical left parties (RLPs) from eleven European countries – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Spain – across the dimensions of participation, representation, competition, responsiveness and transparency. Specifically, the study outlines patterns across the IPD dimensions and investigates the extent of variation within the party family, juxtaposing it against ideological and structural distinctions among RLPs.

Similarity as a Window on the Dimensions of Object Representation

Hebart et al. recently analysed 1.5 million human similarity judgments and found that natural objects are described by a small set of interpretable dimensions. Such large-scale analyses offer new opportunities to characterise how people represent their knowledge, but also challenges, including scaling to even larger data sets and integrating accounts of semantic representation.

Class Distinction: Symbolic, Imaginary and Real

The way social classes exist is closely related to representation. In this paper, I look at the representation of class difference from a psychoanalytic perspective, using the concepts of symbolic, imaginary and real register introduced by Jacques Lacan. These concepts make it possible to distinguish between different dimensions of representation (above all, the symbolic and imaginary dimensions), and also raise the question of the aporetic nature of any representation (thanks to the notion of the real register). The symbolic dimension is related to group formation (inclusion and exclusion) and points to the normative character of class identifications. Related to the imaginary dimension are the embodied images of self and others, driven by the dynamics of envy and resentment. The real dimension, on the other hand, is introduced by metaphors of lost objects and traumatic interclass violence. I use a variety of visual materials and literary texts from different historical moments of capitalist social formation to illustrate the analyses of the three registers. In the concluding section of the text, I describe the interconnectedness of the three registers using the example of an excerpt from the biographical narrative of a worker. In the conclusion, I address the contemporary opacity of class relations, but I do not interpret it as an indicator of the "death of classes," but as a historical moment of the disarticulation of class difference.

К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ГРАНИЦ ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРАКТИКАХ: НА ПРИМЕРЕ АНАЛИЗА ФИЛЬМА ЭРИКА БОДЛЕРА "ПИСЬМА МАКСУ"

Document has become one of the key tools of modern artists when working with history and memory. The search for different ways of representing the past leads artists to explore their own family and personal archives as well as museums and historical archives. Thus, chronicles, family photos and letters found on flea markets turn into a material for contemporary artists. Within the artistic work documents get transformed, so the things that are not relevant for historians can become important for artists. Questions arise: what happens to documentary material in the space of contemporary art? What are the boundaries of documentary as part of artistic practice? In what situation does a document lose its status, and when a material unimportant for historians can be transformed into important source for exhibitions? Many artists address these questions when working with memory and history. This article focuses on the film “Letters to Max” by French artist and filmmaker Eric Baudelaire based on the correspondence with the former minister of Abkhazia Maxim Gvinjia. The specifics of Baudelaire’s work is in the juxtaposition of different types of documents: letters that Baudelaire and Gvinjia wrote to each other and video that Baudelaire shot during his travel to Abkhazia. Connection between different materials allows us to see how different dimensions of representation of the past correlate with each other.

The Development of Representation in American Political Institutions

At the forefront of American democracy lies the representative. There has been ample debate over congressional representation and how members of Congress are to act in response to their constituents. We take on the task of assessing the path to congressional representation by analyzing eight institutional dimensions of representation during the founding. We uncover why term limits, recall, annual terms, small constituencies, and the right of instruction were rejected under the Constitution after they had been so highly regarded a short time earlier. The Federalists sought to promote their view of good representation through institutional design, rejecting prior views of representation used in state governments. Instead, the Constitution was designed to encourage representatives to serve according to their own judgment as trustees. This analysis contributes to our understanding of how institutions were created to shape representation and provides insight into the development of the electoral connection.

Subvertendo Gênero: O Lugar da Não-binaridade Numa Análise Discursiva de Conteúdos Midiáticos

As questões de gênero têm despontado inúmeras discussões ao longo da história nas diferentes sociedades. Na contemporaneidade, as diferentes designações de gênero encontradas, têm provocado a necessidade premente de pesquisas aprofundadas que compreendam o fenômeno e apontem intervenções ante a sua complexidade. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se investigar a construção histórica e cultural das identidades de gênero, a partir das noções binárias de homem/mulher, pautadas nos estudos de Judith Butler (2013) e Michel Foucault (1988; 2009), construindo com isso questionamentos frente às representações sociais e aos modos de identificações e expressões sobre o tema. Traçou-se como objetivo compreender o lugar não-binário de identidade(s) de gênero a partir da análise de mídias virtuais, assim como analisar os discursos produzidos sobre esse lugar de identificação não-binária, além de apreender as dimensões políticas de representação dos discursos acerca da não-binaridade de gênero. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo, a análise de discurso de Bardin (1977/1979), que viabilizou a apreensão de categorias teóricas das significações dos discursos acessados nas plataformas de blogs, acerca dos modos de compreensão da não-binaridade de gênero. Como resultados obtidos foram esboçadas duas categorias teóricas: 1. Significados não-binários de gênero: construções quanto aos termos descritivo e identitário; e 2. Ser “não-binário”: buscando definição para uma indefinição? Inferiu-se da investigação considerações relevantes sobre os posicionamentos discursivos quanto aos seus significados como termos e designações identitárias, quanto ao lugar de fala dos sujeitos, e quanto a uma dimensão ético e política necessária para a convivência entre os diferentes gêneros.

Organization of Knowledge and Information in Digital Archives of Language Materials

Language archives are repositories of language data: material about or in a set of languages, including audio and video recordings, transcriptions, translations, and linguistic annotations. Beyond their value for academic applications, digital availability of language data holds potential to support language and cultural revitalization and maintenance. Until recently, language archives have not been considered in information science research. This article reports the first empirical investigation of various dimensions of organization and representation of recorded knowledge and information in language archives. The study used a combination of semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Results demonstrate that, while some of the phenomena related to organization of information in language archives are specific to these types of archives, others are more typical and have been addressed by libraries in past research and practice. For example, authority control, sustainability, and software interoperability are among the primary issues identified by our study. This paper discusses the metadata-related opportunities and challenges for language archive managers and depositors observed in this study, and suggests directions for future research in this area.

Bhang ya Bong? Representation of Cannabis in Selected Hindi Film Songs

The lack of discourse on different uses of cannabis in visual media has resulted in a unidimensional understanding of different forms and methods in which cannabis is consumed. To understand how visual representation often dictates and reinforces hegemonic notions of culturally ambiguous objects such as cannabis, this paper looks at selected film songs from across different eras of Hindi Cinema, and probes the manner in which politics and discourse operate in constructing meaning at the level of production of such texts. It uses theories connecting representation and discourse, adopting the lens of 'symbolic frameworks' as suggested by Paul Manning to make a textual and discourse analysis of the selected texts. The paper argues that songs depicting consumption of bhang attach images of festivity and religiosity to normalise its consumption in certain contexts, while songs where consumption happens in the form of smoking marijuana and/or charas images of dysfunction and social alienation are invoked. This paper concerns itself primarily with semiotics and does not look at the caste and gender dimensions of visual representation surrounding cannabis in the selected texts. Those approaches can become a full-length study in themselves and bring a much sharper focus to the politics of representation affecting a more balanced discourse on cannabis.

The Subnational Indigenous Quota in Peru: The Paradoxes of Political Representation

ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to explain the territorial variation in indigenous political representation at the subnational level in Peru. The Peruvian state introduced a weak indigenous electoral quota, and its effects have varied across provinces. This article presents a typology that combines descriptive and substantive dimensions of political representation. Using a subnational comparative method, the four cases studied illustrate distinct dynamics. The article argues that these differing dynamics are explained by a combination of sociostructural variables (i.e., political articulation and cohesion of indigenous organizations as a result of a conflict) and individual variables (i.e., candidates’ political capital). This article demonstrates how, even in an institutionally adverse environment that does not feature ethnic parties, both descriptive and substantive indigenous political representation can be achieved, and that these two dimensions are not necessarily related. The article is based on fieldwork and interviews with key provincial political actors.

“Revenge of the East”?

This article examines the ways the Alternative for Germany (AfD) has claimed to supply eastern voters with important elements of political representation that they demand. Rather than seeking “revenge,” which would suggest voting purely out of protest against a government or policy, the evidence examined in this article suggests that some voters in the East support the AfD to express something else. The reactions of some of the other political parties in the wake of recent elections suggest that they have begun to pay more attention to their roles in the electorate and to the various dimensions of political representation.

A CNN-LSTM network with attention approach for learning universal sentence representation in embedded system

The model for obtaining universal sentence representation is getting larger and larger, making it unsuitable for small embedded systems. The paper presents an extended encoder-decoder model with introduced an attention mechanism for learning distributed sentence representation. We can extract the CNN encoder and apply to other NLP downstream tasks on small embedded systems. Inspired by the linguistic features of the word embeddings, the different dimensions of the sentence representation can be aligned to especially linguistic features. The decoder which decodes one word will focus on the partial dimension of sentence representation into a fixed-length vector where CNN is more effective than LSTM, especially on devices with limited computing power. Moreover, the expanded LSTM with attention mechanism as the decoder to learn multitask that reconstruct the original sentence and predict the next sentence. The model was trained on an extensive collection of a novel to learning sentence representation encoder. Finally, the small-scale CNN encoder obtained encouraging results on several benchmark datasets and multiple task.

A systematic review of illness representation clusters in chronic conditions.

A person's beliefs about their chronic condition (illness representations) influence health and treatment outcomes. Recently, researchers have used clustering approaches to identify subgroups with different patterns of beliefs about their illness, with some subgroups having more favorable health outcomes than others. To date, these findings have not been synthesized. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to synthesize results of studies that used clustering approaches to analyze illness representation in chronic disease populations, in order to characterize the clusters and their relationship to health outcomes. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines we searched CINAHL, PsycInfo, and PubMed. To be included, studies had to be (a) peer reviewed, (b) in English, (c) performing a cluster analysis (CA), latent class analysis (LCA), or latent profile analysis (LPA), (d) using only illness representation (IR) subscales to form clusters, (e) measuring illness representation with the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), (f) in a chronic condition sample, and (g) measuring health-related outcomes. Twelve studies were included. Across studies, the number of clusters found ranged from two to three. In all studies, an association was found between illness representation group and at least one of their health outcomes. Illness representation clusters associated with favorable outcomes usually included lower disease-related consequences, fewer symptoms, less negative emotion, and a more stable disease pattern. The results of this review indicate that the relationship between the patterns of the illness representation profiles and health outcomes transcend diseases. Additionally, some dimensions of illness representation may be more important drivers of group membership than others.

Cognitive illness representation and anxiety in older men and women with type 2 diabetes.

In the elderly, type 2 diabetes is a frequent chronic condition that requires the attention of health care. As patient involvement is a prerequisite for treatment, it seems crucial to assess psychosocial aspects, including patient's cognitive component of attitude towards the condition, as early as upon diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the cognitive illness representation in older female and male patients with type 2 diabetes is differentiated. Considering disease duration, we determined the effect of cognitive illness representation on older diabetes emotional wellbeing. The study in 99 older adults with type 2 diabetes used Disease-Related Appraisals Scale (Skala Oceny Własnej Choroby; SOWCh) to assess cognitive illness representation and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess the severity of state anxiety. In a subgroup with short-standing diagnosis, women scored significantly higher than men on subscales of Threat, Obstacle/Loss and Profit. In a subgroup with long-standing diagnosis, women scored significantly higher than men on the subscale of Threat and significantly lower than men on the subscale of Value. The associations between the individual dimensions of cognitive illness representation and anxiety were also determined. These correlations differed between sexes and stages of the disease. Both at early and late stages of type 2 diabetes, women perceive their illness as a threat significantly more than men do. This appraisal persists throughout the entire duration of the illness. Men with long-standing diagnosis, attribute higher value to diabetes than women do, perceiving it as an opportunity to appreciate values they did not pay attention to before. Anxiety reported by older women and men can be explained to a significant extent by certain dimensions of their respective cognitive illness representation.

Complex Image Schemas

In my earlier papers (Szwedek 2018 and 2019), I refuted the almost universal view (e.g. Clausner, Croft 1999), that the image schema cannot be defined. I first proposed to follow Grady’s (2005) general recommendation that the image schemas which would be “too general to be associated with any particular type of perceptual experience, or too rich to count as fundamental dimensions of perceptual representation” (2005: 35) should be ruled out. I argued (Szwedek 2018) that the fundamental perception is that of density experienced only by touch and the only entities whose density is experienced by touch are physical objects. Following Johnson 1987 and Langacker 1987, I proposed that the only independent entities in this world are physical objects with innumerable relations among them. I argued that if there are conceptually dependent relations, they must be relations between or among independent entities. I then concluded that the only conceptually independent object schemas constitute the basis of the formulation of a definition of the image schema and against all the pessimistic views he proposed the following definition: “The IMAGE SCHEMA is a mental structure with at least one OBJECT image schema, which is a conceptually independent entity representing a physical object whose fundamental property is density experienceable by touch, with ensuing boundedness, shape, size, etc.” (Szwedek, 2019: 20). While my 2018 paper discusses simple image schemas, the present paper shows, on the example of ENABLEMENT, that they can also form complexes expressed by one word

The Radical Right versus the Media: from Media Critique to Claims of (Mis)Representation

Criticizing mainstream media for their ‘lies’ or ‘fake news’ has become a common political practice on the radical right. Further empirical research is needed to better understand the intricacies of these attacks on media, in particular for the way they relate to criticism of the political system as a whole and to matters of political representation. How do radical right actors construct a sense of political misrepresentation through their critique of media, and how does this allow them to make representative claims? This is what we explore in this article through a discourse analysis of the Flemish radical right youth movement Schild & Vrienden. Drawing inspiration from constructivist theories of representation, we explore the entanglement in empirical practice between two dimensions of representation: 1) between its literal meaning (as ‘portrayal’) and its political meaning (as standing or speaking for), and 2) between representation and misrepresentation. With our analysis, we shed light on the increasing politicization of the media as a non-electoral space of representation and misrepresentation, and on the role played by media criticism in the radical right’s broader (meta)political strategies.

The Significance of Symbolic Representation for Gender Issues in Politics

ABSTRACT This article argues that many empirical studies in the field of gender and politics reduce symbolic representation to an effect of descriptive representation, which limits our understanding of the relevance of symbolic representation. We claim that we should understand symbolic representation as a dimension in itself, not merely as an effect of another dimension of political representation. In this article we develop this argument showing how symbolic representation presents constituents at the symbolic level, thereby generating dynamics of exclusion similar to the other dimensions of political representation. The relation between the different dimensions of symbolic representation is not unilateral in that symbolic representation is an effect of descriptive representation. The different dimensions are rather entangled in that they are mutually constitutive. We show how symbolic representation provides for a symbolic subtext enabling or constraining the political standing and acting for women—or other social groups. In order to develop our argument we return to Hanna Pitkin’s definition of symbolic representation, and then elaborate upon it relying on Michael Saward’s more recent conceptualization of political representation, also considering the constructivist turn in representation studies.

Visual arts: a multimodal language for Indigenous education

Visual arts and other modes and media of communication are vital to Indigenous People, yet multimodal forms of representation, such as those prioritised in the arts, are often poorly understood and excluded from Indigenous education. This article describes cross-cultural, participatory community research enacted with an Indigenous school in Australia. Indigenous elementary students were taught by Indigenous community leaders to engage in visual arts through paintings and other forms of artistic representation (e.g. dances, rap video). These artistic expressions were coherent with Indigenous ways of learning and communicating. The multidimensionality of Indigenous students’ paintings was analysed, and the significance explained in relation to the language of transgenerational Indigenous Lore. The results demonstrate how Indigenous visual arts enabled powerful representations of transgenerational knowledge and understandings. The findings also provide generative illustrations of a culturally informed and responsive multimodal literacy pedagogy, highlighting the need to respect the multimodal dimensions of representation that have cultural meanings for Indigenous identity and education practices. The article challenges Western, privileged forms of literacy, while highlighting the need to respect visual arts as language in the English curriculum for equitable and culturally responsive education for Indigenous students.

The Soul of Historiography

Abstract This paper argues for a new version of holism about historiography. The argument starts with an analogy with Aristotle’s conceptions of soul and character. The aim is to overcome the central problem critics have identified in Ankersmit’s holism about historical representations: it is not clear how a posited holistic entity can make a difference to a work of history. The solution offered in this paper is that there are two – modally distinct – dimensions of content in works of history. One comprises its explicit content as given in its statements. This corresponds to actuality, action, and narrative in Aristotle. The other is where we find a holistic entity: a work of history’s representation of a historical situation. This is analysed here as a unified range of possibilities for action generated by the interrelated complex of factors introduced by the work’s explicit contents. This corresponds to potentiality, soul, and character in Aristotle. The theory is further developed in relation to two examples, one idealized, the other an example of real historiography. By distinguishing between actuality and possibility as dimensions of a historical representation, the holistic entity is enabled to be implicit while having real importance in relation to the content of historiography.