Dimensions Of Quantities Research Articles

A Study of Health Insurance Fraud in China and Recommendations for Fraud Detection and Prevention

Healthcare insurance fraud influences not only organizations by overburdening the already fragile healthcare systems, but also individuals in terms of increasing premiums in health insurance and even fatalities. Identifying the behavioral characteristics of fraudulent claims can help shed light on the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to detect fraud in health information system research. In this paper, a theoretical model of medical insurance fraud identification is proposed, which characterizes the judgment variables of fraud from the three dimensions of time, quantity, and expenses. The model is verified with large-scale, real-world medical records. Our study shows that, in comparison with claims made by normal people, fraudulent claims usually have a greater frequency of hospital visits, and more medical bills, accompanied by higher amounts of medical expenses. An interesting discovery is that the price per bill for fraudulent cases is not statistically different from the normal cases.

Impacts of top management team fault‐line on firm's innovation—Financial slack over‐investment and underinvestment

This paper aims to how the top management team (TMT) fault‐line affects firm's innovation based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2018. We describe innovation from two dimensions (quantity and quality) in order to better demonstrating of firm's innovation. The empirical results find that the intensity of TMT fault‐line has significant positive impacts on both quantity and quality. Then, we propose three potential mechanisms that include financial slack, over‐investment, and underinvestment and further discuss and explore them. It is found that the intensity of TMT fault‐line promotes the quantity and of innovation through decreasing financial slack, however, cannot affect the quality of innovation. There is a significant negative relationship between TMT fault‐line and over‐investment that enterprise should reduce over‐investment to trigger both quantity and quality. Finally, the results show that TMT fault‐line could alleviate underinvestment and then improve firm's innovation both on quantity and quality. This paper also has verified the robustness of estimation according to instrumental variable method, alternative variables, and adjusting time windows.

Pengaruh Kenyamanan Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) terhadap Kinerja Profesional Pemberi Asuhan (PPA) Kamar Bedah di RS Kota Padang Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The vulnerability of COVID-19 transmission for Caregiver Professionals (PPA) who work in hospitals requires efforts to prevent it. One of the efforts implemented is the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, the comfort of wearing PPE has an influence on the performance of PPA in the hospital, especially the performance of PPA who works in the operating room. This influence starts from the dimensions of work quality performance, work quantity, work timeliness, effectiveness, work independence and work interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of the convenience of using personal protective equipment (PPE) on the performance of the surgical care provider (PPA) in the Padang City Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative research with Cross Sectional method. The population in this study is PPA who work in operating rooms and provide services to COVID-19 surgical patients, totaling 252 people and the research sample as many as 155 people. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire on Convenience of Using Personal Protective Equipment Covid-19, Factors that Affect the Comfort of PPE and Performance During Use of Personal Protective Equipment. Test method Data collection with frequency distribution analysis using SPSS and SEM analysis PLS 3.0. The results showed that there were 5 factors that were significantly related to the use of PPE, namely effectiveness, interpersonal, independence, quantity and working time with p-values of each (sig value) < 0.05, namely 0.001, 0.000, 0.000,0.000, 0.012 and One factor that is not significantly related is the quality of work with a p-value (sig value 0.066 > 0.05.

PENERAPAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN LINIER ROBUST DALAM PENGKLASIFIKASIAN INDEKS KEPEDULIAN TERHADAP ISU KEPENDUDUKAN (IKIK)

Abstract Robust linear discriminant analysis is used to classify data that contains outlier by replacing classical parameters in linear discriminant analysis with robust parameters. This study aims to classify the Index of Concern for Population Issues (IKIK) of 34 provinces in 2020 into two categories namely target fulfilled IKIK and target not fulfilled IKIK using robust linear discriminant analysis. The independen variabels used are quantity dimensions (X_1), quality dimensions (X_2), mobility dimensions (X_3), and environment dimensions (X_4). The results obtained are 17 provinces were categorized as target fulfilled IKIK, 17 provinces as target not fulfilled IKIK. There are 2 robust discriminant functions formed, each for target fulfilled and target not fulfilled IKIK. The accuracy of the robust linear discriminant functions formed is 97,06%, the APER value of the discriminant functions is 2,94% and the PressQ value = 30,11 is greater than the value of (Chi_(3,0.05)^2) = 7.81. This shows that the discriminant functions can classify observations accurately.Keywords: classification, Index of Concern for Population Issues, robust discriminant analysis

The role of neural tuning in quantity perception.

Perception of quantities, such as numerosity, timing, and size, is essential for behavior and cognition. Accumulating evidence demonstrates neurons processing quantities are tuned, that is, have a preferred quantity amount, not only for numerosity, but also other quantity dimensions and sensory modalities. We argue that quantity-tuned neurons are fundamental to understanding quantity perception. We illustrate how the properties of quantity-tuned neurons can underlie a range of perceptual phenomena. Furthermore, quantity-tuned neurons are organized in distinct but overlapping topographic maps. We suggest that this overlap in tuning provides the neural basis for perceptual interactions between different quantities, without the need for a common neural representational code.

Quality and quantity as indissociable dimensions of research

Objective : To theoretically demonstrate the relations between the quality and quantity dimensions and their indissociability in research, arguing that the ways of producing knowledge within a scientific field is conditioned to the researchers' vigilance over the system of objective relations and, thus, is a practice governed by a particular metascience. Method: The argument is built from a philosophical theoretical framework. Results: While it is necessary to identify predicates such as quality and quantity to distinguish and analyze the scientific object, these are constituent aspects of the totality of the perceived object, and it is impossible to study them separately. Conclusion : It is necessary to look carefully at the way scientific research is constructed and communicated, including its explanations and statements based on the predicates’ relational aspects in their double determination, investigation, and exposition, which relates to the process of appropriation and critical-rational explicitness.

Projectile motion using three parameter Mittag-Leffler function calculus

In the present work, we study the motion of the projectile using the regularized Prabhakar derivative of order β. The correlation of physical quantities with units of measurement creates an obstacle in solving some fractional differential equations, as the solutions presented mathematically may not have a physical meaning. To overcome this problem and maintain dimensions of physical quantities, an auxiliary parameter σ is usually used. We obtain analytical solutions of the velocity fractional differential system in terms of the three parameters Mittag-Leffler function denoted Eα,βγ(z). We recover the cases when applying Caputo and ordinary derivatives.

Fault Diagnosis for PEMFC Water Management Subsystem Based on Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network and Kernel Principal Component Analysis

To solve the problem of water management subsystem fault diagnosis in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, a novel approach based on learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is proposed. In the proposed approach, the KPCA method is used for processing strongly coupled fault data with a high dimension to reduce the data dimension and to extract new low-dimensional fault feature data. The LVQNN method is used to carry out fault recognition using the fault feature data. The effectiveness of the proposed fault detection method is validated using the experimental data of the PEMFC power system. Results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately diagnose the three health states: normal state, water flooding failure and membrane dry failure, and the recognition accuracy can reach 96.93%. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is suitable for processing the fault data with a high dimension and abundant quantities, and provides a reference for the application of water management subsystem fault diagnosis of PEMFC.

On the application of kernelised Bayesian transfer learning to population-based structural health monitoring

Data-driven approaches to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) generally suffer from a lack of available health-state data. In particular, for most structures, it is not possible to obtain a comprehensive set of labelled damage data – even covering the most common damage types – due to impracticalities and economic considerations in observing the structure in a range of damage states. One solution to this problem is to utilise labelled data from a set of ‘similar’ structures. The assumption is that, as a population, the group may have a shared label set that covers a wider range of damage states, which can be used in labelling a different structure of interest. These goals, producing a model that generalises for a population of structures, and transferring label information between structures, are part of a population-based view of SHM — known as population-based SHM (PBSHM). By considering data from a population, it is possible to make data-driven SHM practical in industrial contexts beyond unsupervised learning, i.e. novelty detection. In order to realise the potential of PBSHM, this paper applies a heterogeneous transfer learning method – kernelised Bayesian transfer learning (KBTL) – which is a sparse Bayesian method that infers a discriminative classifier from inconsistent and heterogeneous feature data, i.e. the dataset from each member of the population may refer to different quantities in different dimensions. The technique infers a shared latent space where data from each member of the population are mapped on top of each other, meaning a single classifier can jointly be inferred that generalises to the complete population. As a consequence, label information can be transferred in this shared latent space between members of the population. The ability to infer a mapping from inconsistent and heterogeneous feature data make the approach a heterogeneous transfer learning method. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first time a heterogeneous transfer learning method has been applied in an SHM context.

Strategies for achieving customer order flexibility – supplier perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a framework of strategies to achieving customer order flexibility in and related to the order-to-delivery (OTD) process. The purpose is also to investigate how companies prioritize various strategies to achieve customer order flexibility.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review, pre-tests and conceptual reasoning, a conceptual framework of strategies related to the order-to-delivery process was developed. The strategies were linked to the order quantity and delivery lead-time flexibility dimensions. This structure resulted in six groups covering enabling as well as remedial strategies. An empirical interview study of ten customer–supplier relationships was conducted.FindingsThe interviews identified additional strategies, thereby expanding the framework. The enabling strategies with the highest median values were “have continuous contact with the customer's purchaser” and “use safety stock of raw materials/semi-finished products”. The remedial strategy with the highest median was “re-plan/re-prioritize the order backlog”. In the delivery sub-process, it was more common to apply remedial strategies for delivery lead-time than for order quantities.Research limitations/implicationsThe developed framework is a contribution to the literature on operational flexibility in and related to the OTD process. It complements existing knowledge by taking a supplier perspective.Practical implicationsSuppliers can use the framework as a tool to understand and systematically achieve better customer order flexibility in and related to the OTD process. Customers can use the framework as a checklist for supplier evaluation and supplier development.Originality/valueFew identified studies include empirical data on customer order flexibility.

The Relation between Intraday Limit Order Book Depth and Spread

Prior studies that examine the relation between market depth and bid–ask spread are often limited to the first level of the limit order book. However, the full limit order book provides important information beyond the first level about the depth and spread, which affects the trading decisions of market participants. This paper examines the intraday behavior of depth and spread in the five-deep limit order book and the relation between depth and spread in a futures market setting. A dummy-variables regression framework is employed and is estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). Results indicate an inverse U-shaped pattern for depth and an increasing pattern for spread. After controlling for known explanatory factors, an inverse relation between the limit order book depth and spread is documented. The inverse relation holds for depth and spread at individual levels in the limit order book as well. Results indicate that market participants actively manage both the price (spread) and quantity (depth) dimensions of liquidity along the five-deep limit order book.

Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Measuring Varietal Improvement in Tobacco Yield and Quality

AbstractWe measure the economic impact of varietal improvement and technological change in flue-cured tobacco across quantity (e.g., yield) and quality dimensions under a voluntary quality constraint. Since 1961, flue-cured tobacco breeders in the United States have been subject to the Minimum Standards Program that sets limits on acceptable quality characteristics for commercial tobacco varieties. We implement a Bayesian hierarchical model to measure the contribution of breeding efforts to changes in tobacco yields and quality between 1954 and 2017. The Bayesian model addresses limited data for varieties in the trials and allows easy generation of the necessary parameters of economic interest.

Synthesis of Optimal Information and Energy Schemes of Measuring and Converting Devices

The synthesis of information and energy schemes is posed as an extreme problem, the purpose of which is a weighted directed graph of the minimum length from the input value to the output value of the device. The nodes of the graph are the physical effects included in the given database, and the branches are the input and output values of the effects. Nodes and branches are mathematically defined by diagonal multidimensional matrices, whose elements are determined by the dimensions of the quantities in the selected system of physical coordinates with a given number of basic units of measurement. The weight or resource intensity of the graph elements is determined by the norm of the corresponding matrices. The resulting circuit is suitable for use in technical documentation to explain the operating principle of the device, as well as for patent protection.In the enhanced formulation of the extreme problem, restrictions are introduced on the numerical values of the input and output values of the effect and its dynamic properties in the form of the transfer function of the effect. In this case, the size of the transfer matrices of nodes and branches is expanded by one. As a result, the transfer matrix of the effect contains information not only about the dynamic properties of the effect, but also about the dimensions of the physical quantities at its input and output.In a detailed example, the case of searching for the operating principle of a measuring-converting device of a pressure sensor with an electric current output is considered. To simplify the geometric representation of graph vectors on a plane, the problem is considered for a two-dimensional system of physical quantities with basic units of length and time. The calculation of the resource capacity is carried out according to the scheme of dimensional simulation, in which the phase variables of the differential equation enter with their physical dimensions. According to the numerical value of the resource capacity, you can compare different versions of the implementation of the operating physical principle of the device.

Performance Analysis of SATPOL PP to PPKM Policy in Administrative City of South Jakarta

The policy of implementing restrictions on community activities (PPKM) is a policy made by the government in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, so good performance is needed in guarding the policy. This study aims to describe the performance of the Civil Service Police Unit, South Jakarta Administration. Determination of informants using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The validity of the data in this study uses data triangulation. Data analysis through the process of data collection, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and data verification. The data analysis technique used descriptive and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the research on the performance of the Satpol PP in guarding the implementation of PPKM in the South Jakarta Administrative City are quite good in terms of several dimensions, namely the dimensions of work quality, dimensions of work quantity, dimensions of employee consistency, dimensions of cooperation and dimensions of employee attitudes, but still need improvement in the quality of work and consistency. The obstacles that affect the performance of the Civil Service Police Unit in overseeing the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM) in the South Jakarta Administrative City are the lack of Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS), PPKM policies that are always changing, and the lack of public awareness of the importance of health protocols.

Computer algebra in physics: The hidden SO(4) symmetry of the hydrogen atom

Pauli first noticed the hidden SO(4) symmetry for the hydrogen atom in the early stages of quantum mechanics [1]. Starting from that symmetry, one can recover the spectrum of a spinless hydrogen atom and the degeneracy of its states without explicitly solving Schrödinger's equation [2], [3]. In this paper, we derive that SO(4) symmetry and spectrum using a computer algebra system (CAS). While this problem is well known [4], [5], its solution involves several steps of manipulating expressions with tensorial quantum operators, including simplifying them by taking into account a combination of commutator rules and Einstein's sum rule for repeated indices. Therefore, it is an excellent model to test the current status of CAS concerning this kind of quantum-and-tensor-algebra computations and to showcase the CAS technique. Generally speaking, when capable, CAS can significantly help with manipulations that, like non-commutative tensor calculus subject to algebra rules, are tedious, time-consuming and error-prone. The presentation also shows two alternative patterns of computer algebra steps that can be used for systematically tackling more complicated symbolic problems of this kind. Program summaryProgram Title: Maple specific worksheetCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/knbckjrwfc.1Developer's repository link:https://www.maplesoft.com/applications/view.aspx?SID=154764Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Maple (Maplesoft)Nature of problem: Provide a general framework to handle Quantum Mechanics' non-commutative algebra systematically. Non-commutative tensor calculus, subject to algebra rules, is tedious, time-consuming and error-prone. This Maple worksheet provides a general framework to implement, test and address a wide range of non-commutative problems commonly found in advanced quantum mechanics. It can be customized and adapted to potentially more complicated algebra problems.Solution method: Make use of Maple's Physics package. First, configure the problem parameters: space dimension, tensor objects and non-commutative quantities. Then provide the most basic commutation rules, such as position, linear and angular momentum commutators. From there, using the Simplify command and a short set of other key commands, demonstrate further commutation rules until the complete target algebra is reconstructed. One should notice that the Physics package commands employed here take into account custom algebra rules, the sum rule for repeated indices, and use tensor-simplification algorithms.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: This article mirrors a Maple worksheet. As such, it is not an usual code intended to make a computation for a given set of parameters. It is rather a general template or guideline, useful to extend the present problem with new computations or, more generally, widely open to tackle new quantum mechanics problem involving tensor and commutator heavy calculus.

Comparing Food Security Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations When Choosing Measures

Comparing Food Security Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations When Choosing Measures

Dimensional analysis in relativity and in differential geometry

This note provides a short guide to dimensional analysis in Lorentzian and general relativity and in differential geometry. It tries to revive Dorgelo and Schouten’s notion of ‘intrinsic’ or ‘absolute’ dimension of a tensorial quantity. The intrinsic dimension is independent of the dimensions of the coordinates and expresses the physical and operational meaning of a tensor. The dimensional analysis of several important tensors and tensor operations is summarized. In particular it is shown that the components of a tensor need not have all the same dimension, and that the Riemann (once contravariant and thrice covariant) and Ricci (fully covariant) curvature tensors are dimensionless. The relation between dimension and operational meaning for the metric and stress–energy–momentum tensors is discussed; and the main conventions for the dimensions of these two tensors and of Einstein's constant are reviewed. A more thorough and updated analysis is available as a preprint.

Системно-целостная междисциплинарная методология – качественно новый инструментарий общего и профессионального образования в условиях осуществления Второй индустриализации России

The education system is a key element in the progress or degradation of the country's population and economy. Formed in the present education system of Russia according to the Bologna models and the patterns aimed at stupefying the total population, a sharp decline of scientific progress in social production and increased dependence on foreign manufacturers and managers of the domestic financial and resource wealth. The way out of this deadlock circle of problems is in the revival of the advanced positions of the former soviet education system on a qualitatively new scientific basis, theory and system-holistic methodology, providing a full knowledge of the phenomena of nature and society in conditions of certainty. Existing methodologies of partial cognition in conditions of high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of representation are based on outdated and inadequate theories. 
 System-holistic interdisciplinary methodology is characterized by a set of necessary and sufficient for objective and complete knowledge of the conceptual tools that allow you to accurately, fully and adequately understand the socio-economic processes, to lead the knowledge immediately from the general to the specific, thereby reducing the multiple time and resources for the process of knowledge. It is based on a qualitatively new scientific basis, objective theory, uses objective units of dimensions of physical quantities (kWh and the like), takes into account in the knowledge and management of the action of an expanded set of universal and socio-economic laws of human development-society in nature. A deeper analysis of the set of laws allowed us to identify the main goal of human development-society and the main socio-economic forms of manifestation of the laws: useful costs-results, useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. There are no other socio-economic forms of human activity. Therefore, the main goal of human development-society in nature is to increase the share of useful and reduce the share of useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. This is the basis for the preservation of civilization on Earth. The technique, technology, organization, education system used serve only as forms of manifestation of life that contribute to or hinder the progress of mankind. The implementation of the Second industrialization of Russia is aimed at a radical solution to the ever-increasing complex of internal and external problems in modern conditions. A key element of the successful implementation of this large-scale strategic program is the immediate introduction of a fundamentally new education system that ensures high rates of economic growth and well-being of the entire population of Russia.

Effects of turbulent environment and random noise on self-organized critical behavior: Universality versus nonuniversality.

Self-organized criticality in the Hwa-Kardar model of a "running sandpile" [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1813 (1989)10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1813; Phys. Rev. A 45, 7002 (1992)10.1103/PhysRevA.45.7002] with a turbulent motion of the environment taken into account is studied with the field theoretic renormalization group (RG). The turbulent flow is modeled by the synthetic d-dimensional generalization of the anisotropic Gaussian velocity ensemble with finite correlation time, introduced by Avellaneda and Majda [Commun. Math. Phys. 131, 381 (1990)10.1007/BF02161420; Commun. Math. Phys. 146, 139 (1992)10.1007/BF02099212]. The Hwa-Kardar model with time-independent (spatially quenched) random noise is considered alongside the original model with white noise. The aim of the present paper is to explore fixed points of the RG equations which determine the possible types of universality classes (regimes of critical behavior of the system) and critical dimensions of the measurable quantities. Our calculations demonstrate that influence of the type of random noise is extremely large: in contrast to the case of white noise where the system possesses three fixed points, the case of spatially quenched noise involves four fixed points with overlapping stability regions. This means that in the latter case the critical behavior of the system depends not only on the global parameters of the system, which is the usual case, but also on the initial values of the charges (coupling constants) of the system. These initial conditions determine the specific fixed point which will be reached by the RG flow. Since now the critical properties of the system are not defined strictly by its parameters, the situation may be interpreted as a universality violation. Such systems are not forbidden, but they are rather rare. It is especially interesting that the same model without turbulent motion of the environment does not predict this nonuniversal behavior and demonstrates the usual one with prescribed universality classes instead [J. Stat. Phys. 178, 392 (2020)10.1007/s10955-019-02436-8].

Bank lending in an emerging economy: How does central bank reserve accumulation matter?

Purpose - The paper examines the impacts of the central banks foreign exchange reserves on bank lending, captured by the dimensions of quantity (loan growth) and quality (credit risk).Methods - This research analysis is based on bank-year observations in Vietnam during 2007–2019 and employs the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments in dynamic panels.Findings - This study finds that banks tend to increase their loan growth rate in response to reserves accumulation. Banks also expand loans and cash items on their asset structure while subsequently slashing total security investments and disaggregate government bond holdings. Our results also indicate that the central bank reserves accumulation is associated with less credit risk and more financial stability of the banking system.Implication - This paper supports the notion that reserve accumulation could be a complementary monetary policy tool for lending navigation and economic growth. Besides, reserve interventions may be used for financial stability, given the finding that it is found to curtail bank credit risk and financial instability.Originality - This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on critical aspects of bank lending, including quantity and quality, to paint a bigger picture of the benefits and costs of reserve accumulation and decompose bank asset portfolios into disaggregate components, thereby providing more insight into bank responses.