Dimensions Of Privacy Research Articles

Imagination workshops as a creative method for exploring the sociomaterial dimensions of privacy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce imagination workshops as a creative method for studying privacy from a sociomaterial perspective. The workshops incorporate a creative element – the imagination game – into a traditional focus group setting. The imagination game is a role-playing card game that involves participants imagining scenarios set in the future. Design/methodology/approach The imagination workshop method is illustrated through an empirical study exploring imaginaries of the future smart home. The study encompasses five workshops with a total of 46 participants. Findings The findings from the empirical application of the method highlight its strengths in uncovering thoughts and feelings related to human–data relations that might be difficult to attain through more conventional methods, such as affective responses to privacy dilemmas. By combining imagination and collaborative activity, less taken-for-granted ideas can be tapped into. Originality/value The paper contributes to consumer research by introducing a novel qualitative method for studying privacy. By drawing from a new materialism perspective, the imagination workshops bring to light the sociomaterial dimensions of privacy that extend beyond mere cognitive decision-making processes. In this way, the method can be applied to reveal the dynamic and visceral nature of the construct. In addition to privacy research, the method provides ample opportunities for application in diverse contexts interested in technological futures.

The Influence of Anonymity and Social Ties on Personal Experience Sharing: A Comprehensive Mixed-Methods Study

Personal experiences are widely shared and varied among types of social media. This study aims to understand how social ties (acquaintance & stranger) and anonymity (real-name & anonymous) of social platforms affect users' willingness to share and post content in dimensions of details, privacy, valence, and arousal. In a scenario-based experimental design, we analyzed 525 posts written by 27 participants under different relationship and anonymity conditions using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data suggests that relationship and anonymity interact to influence users' self-disclosure: disclosing to acquaintances with real names or to strangers anonymously is more willing. The qualitative evaluation shows that acquaintance platforms have more positive posts with details, and posts on anonymous platforms include more information but with less control of negative valence and arousal. In addition, positive self-experiences shared on social media are more specific and intensive but increase privacy risks. These findings can guide the design of social media to boost ready and safe self-experience-sharing behavior.

“(Virtuous) Wives Don’t Have Anything to Hide”: Understanding Digital Privacy Perceptions and Behavior of Married Women in Rural India

This study explores digital privacy perceptions and behaviors among married women in rural India, a rapidly expanding demographic of mobile media and Internet users in the Global South. This ethnographic study found that women’s experience of privacy entails balancing between norms related to “hide” and “having nothing to hide.” Specifically, conflicting practices of avoiding online visibility while sharing passwords and accounts with family members exist to conform to their expected gender performance. The study highlights the dual nature of privacy practices that relate to the horizontal dimensions of privacy among the study participants. Limited digital literacy levels affect their perception of privacy, with vertical dimensions absent from the discussions.

Impact of the Quality of Financial and Banking Applications Used on Smartphone on the Customer Satisfaction of Jordanian Islamic Bank

This study aimed to identify the impact of the quality of financial and banking applications through the dimensions of (information security, trust, privacy) used on smartphones on the satisfaction of Jordanian Islamic bank customers. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical approach in constructing the study. The study population consisted of all customers of Jordanian Islamic banks. The researcher developed a research tool (a questionnaire) to align with the study’s dimensions. A random sample of Islamic bank customers was selected, and the research tool was distributed to them electronically. The researcher was able to obtain responses from 249 participants. One of the key findings of the study was that there is a high level of usage of financial and banking applications on smartphones in Islamic banks. Among the dimensions, “privacy” ranked the highest in importance based on the participants’ responses. The results also revealed a significant impact of the quality of financial and banking applications used on smartphones, through the dimensions of (information security, trust, and privacy), at a significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) on the satisfaction of Jordanian Islamic bank customers. Among the key recommendations was the need for greater focus on quality factors related to financial and banking applications by emphasizing the dimensions of information security, trust, privacy, and data protection due to their significant role and impact on customers using these applications. Additionally, there is a potential for further research and studies on the factors affecting the quality of financial and banking applications on smartphones for electronic banking services offered to customers.

Privacy beyond Data: Assessment and Mitigation of Privacy Risks in Robotic Technology for Elderly Care

The introduction of robotic technology in the context of elderly care poses new privacy challenges. We conducted a systematic literature review of publications from 2010 to mid-2023, focusing on privacy-related concerns and efforts to resolve privacy conflicts associated with the use of robotic technologies in elderly care. The review is organized into three key discussion points: (a) conceptions of privacy, where we explore the multifaceted and multidimensional nature of privacy, building on Burgoon’s work; (b) privacy concerns, which we categorize using Rueben’s taxonomy of privacy constructs; and (c) mitigation strategies for addressing these concerns. Our analysis reveals that current design practices for robotic technologies in elderly care predominantly emphasize informational aspects of privacy. However, adopting a holistic approach to privacy is more advantageous. To extend privacy protection beyond mere data protection, we develop a framework that matches different mitigation strategies with privacy concerns across the identified dimensions of privacy, recognizing that no single approach is universally applicable across all aspects of privacy. We accomplish this by proposing an integration with existing privacy impact assessments and apply our findings to the design of robotic technology for elderly care.

Analysis of Business Actors’ Satisfaction with BPOM’s One Stop Service in the Registration of Herbal Medicines, Health Supplements, and Cosmetics

The One Stop Service provided by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority is designed to streamline the registration procedures for herbal medicines, cosmetics, and health supplements. This service is essential for improving efficiency, accessibility, and user satisfaction; however, empirical evaluations of user satisfaction remain limited. Previous studies highlight that service quality, communication, and responsiveness are key factors influencing satisfaction, but specific research on BPOM’s OSS is scarce. This study aims to evaluate user satisfaction levels, identify key determining factors, and provide recommendations for improving the service. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data through questionnaires from participants who engaged in the service, both offline and online. The results indicate that most respondents were satisfied, particularly with processing time, ease of access, and staff responsiveness. However, areas requiring improvement include the development of digital features, more equitable service distribution, and enhanced transparency in communication. This study offers novelty by emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach that incorporates dimensions of communication, privacy, and inclusivity.

Development Digital Maturity Attributes Based on Higher Education Business Processes

Transformation in the digital aspect is a crucial part of the higher education development in digital age transformation. The oject of this study is to identify the transformation of digital maturity requirements in universities as higher education institutions from Indonesia, which will later be used as criteria for forming a digital maturity model. The research method is mixed, involving both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The type of research applied is the Exploratory Sequential Design, where the data is collected and analyzed with the qualitative method, then follows up the results with a quantitative one to explore a phenomenon. The content validity index applied in this study is used to validate digital maturity requirements. It has been applied to various digital technology companies, government policies in higher education systems, and management applied to multiple universities. The results can guide universities in navigating digital transformation in their institutions. This study highlights that previously proposed digital maturity models need to sufficiently consider the business processes of higher education and the need for security and privacy dimensions, which have not been extensively discussed in the literature.

College Students’ Cognition and Attitude Towards Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in China: an Exploratory Study

This study intended to explore college students’ cognition and attitudes towards connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in China. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed and distributed in Mainland China, and after collecting and processing the data, Bayesian multivariate analysis was presented to evaluate the six dimensions of cognition, consciousness, safety, privacy, liability, education and acceptance. By analysing each dimension, the results show that gender and status are significant for consciousness, safety, privacy and education, but location plays a significant role in safety and liability. It is found that each dimension reveals a specific thought of college students, and the potential users’ cognition and attitude should be paid more attention to. Some empirical suggestions are presented to enhance the systematic improvement of CAVs and possible ethics issues.

Monitored and Cared for at Home? Privacy Concerns When Using Smart Home Health Technologies to Care for Older Persons

Background States and families are facing growing challenges provide adequate care for older persons. Smart home health technologies (SHHTs) in the forms of sensor or robotic devices have been discussed as technical solutions for caregiving. Ethical and social concerns are raised with the use of such technologies for caregiving purposes, a particularly prominent one being privacy. This paper contributes to the literature by distinguishing privacy concerns into both the type of technologies and conceptual dimensions. Methods Data for this paper stem from sixty semi-structured interviews with older persons, informal, and formal caregivers living in the German-speaking regions of Switzerland. All information related to privacy, that were initially inductively coded, were thematically sorted into four dimensions of privacy (physical, psychological, social, and informational) and by the type of technologies studied. Results Participants were especially concerned about privacy intrusions from smart wearables and ambient sensors than robotic technologies, which may be due to the relative lack of familiarity with the latter. Informational privacy was evident in the context of data collection capacities and potential for misuses of data. The installation and implementation of both visual and ambient sensors induced discomfort to their senses of physical space. Alerts of smart wearables and obtrusive sightings of SHHTs garnered worries related to stigmatization and manipulation, indicating intrusions into end-users’ psychological privacy. Little discussions of social dimensions of privacy were evident in the data, even toward robotic technologies for their functions to promote social interactions for older persons. Conclusions This paper is one of the first that use the stratification approach on empirical data to highlight the multi-faceted privacy concerns when technologies may be implemented in elder care. Our paper could thus supports potential end-users in deciding which technologies to use and how to balance different privacy concerns against other values that they may hold important.

Exploring Trust, Privacy, and Security in Cloud Storage Adoption among Generation Z: An Extended TAM Approach

The incorporation of cloud storage technology holds the promise of significantly enhancing efficiency in various sectors, particularly from the perspective of Generation Z, a demographic known for its meticulous consideration of technology acceptance factors, especially security. This research thoroughly examines the level of acceptance of cloud storage technology among Generation Z. By augmenting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with five core factors and introducing three novel factors—Perceived Security, Perceived Privacy, and Trust—this study not only adheres to traditional acceptance models but also ventures into uncharted territories, marking a significant contribution to understanding technology acceptance. This study meticulously collected data from 408 Generation Z respondents who actively use cloud storage technology, employing an innovative questionnaire disseminated via an online platform. Through sophisticated PLS-SEM data analysis, the study confirmed the positive and significant impact of all tested hypotheses, underscoring the importance of attitudes, perceived benefits, and usability in fostering the intention to use cloud storage. Notably, the added dimensions of privacy and security emerged as critical in enhancing users' trust in cloud storage solutions. Furthermore, this study paves the way for future explorations into technology acceptance across diverse populations and settings, underscoring the critical role of security and privacy in shaping technology adoption decisions among emerging generations.

Dimensions of privacy and its implications for learning analytics. Preliminary insights from/for African higher education

ABSTRACT This paper delves into dimensions of privacy within the African context, especially in relation to Learning Analytics (LA) in higher education. It highlights how prevailing notions of privacy, influenced by Global North perspectives, may not fully encapsulate the cultural and contextual nuances in Africa. Through phenomenological interpretive research, the study gathers insights from 13 African higher education experts, revealing that African understandings of privacy are complexly interwoven with factors like colonial history, culture, religion, and education. The findings challenge the universality of current privacy notions, suggesting that African perspectives offer a more diversified view that intertwines individual and communal aspects. This research underscores the need for contextually sensitive approaches to student data privacy in LA, particularly as African higher education increasingly digitises. The paper concludes with implications for developing inclusive, culturally aware privacy standards in LA, contributing to a more nuanced global understanding of privacy in the digital age.

Split Learning with Differential Privacy for Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (TNTNs) have become promising architecture for enabling ubiquitous connectivity. Smart remote sensing is one of the typical applications of TNTNs that collects and analyzes various dimensions of remote sensing data by deploying Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and edge computing in terrestrial, space, aerial, and underwater networks. To improve the analysis accuracy of remote sensing data, the owners of different networks should conduct collaborative learning on different dimensions of data, while data and label privacy should be jointly considered. However, the existing collaborative learning paradigms are difficult to meet this demand. In this article, we propose a paradigm of split learning (SL), where the data owner and the label owner train different parts of the deep learning model and only exchange the intermediate data (i.e., smashed data and cut layer gradients). We explore the potential privacy attacks that recover the raw data and label information based on the intermediate data and propose the differential privacy (DP) based defense mechanisms that inject randomly generated Laplace noise into the intermediate data to disturb the attack performance. We also conduct a simulation study based on a real-world satellite remote sensing dataset to validate that the SL paradigm with defense mechanisms can effectively balance the performance of the collaborative model training and the protection of the data and label privacy. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and potential research directions of the privacy-preserving SL paradigm for smart remote sensing over TNTNs.

Theorizing Interpersonal and Technological Dimensions of Privacy in the Exchange of Sexual Communication

As technology continues to evolve, so too do privacy concerns individuals have about technology. This is especially true when individuals share highly sensitive, personal content through technology. When individuals sext, they are sharing sexually explicit messages, photos, and videos with another person. Two theories are interrogated in how they may apply to sexting and privacy: communication privacy management theory and privacy calculus. Utilizing these theories, privacy is highlighted in this article as a negotiation process between partners and technologies. Individuals must consider who they share material with and the channels they use, and these theories can help in developing a better understanding of these processes. Sexting can be a positive influence on adults’ romantic relationships, whether serious or casual; yet, they need to be able to engage in these behaviors in ways that encourage trust both interpersonally and with their technology.

Cultural differences in students’ privacy concerns in learning analytics across Germany, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United States

Applications of learning analytics (LA) can raise concerns from students about their privacy in higher education contexts. Developing effective privacy-enhancing practices requires a systematic understanding of students’ privacy concerns and how they vary across national and cultural dimensions. We conducted a survey study with established instruments to measure privacy concerns and cultural values for university students in five countries (Germany, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United States; N = 762). The results show that students generally trusted institutions with their data and disclosed information as they perceived the risks to be manageable even though they felt somewhat limited in their ability to control their privacy. Across the five countries, German and Swedish students stood out as the most trusting and least concerned, especially compared to US students who reported greater perceived risk and less control. Students in South Korea and Spain responded similarly on all five privacy dimensions (perceived privacy risk, perceived privacy control, privacy concerns, trusting beliefs, and non-self-disclosure behavior), despite their significant cultural differences. Culture measured at the individual level affected the antecedents and outcomes of privacy concerns. Perceived privacy risk and privacy control increase with power distance. Trusting beliefs increase with a desire for uncertainty avoidance and lower masculinity. Non-self-disclosure behaviors rise with power distance and masculinity and decrease with more uncertainty avoidance. Thus, cultural values related to trust in institutions, social equality and risk-taking should be considered when developing privacy-enhancing practices and policies in higher education.

Data Privacy and Cyber Security in Digital Library Perspective: Safe Guarding User Information Rudrani Saha

In an era the security is very much important/essential for information and knowledge. As Knowledge/information enlarging the need to arrange it and to provide sufficient security become more processing. These study measure libraries to follow different standards, technology and rules to protect user data and ensure privacy when accessing e – resources and other information. Also discussing the importance of cyber security in the digital library landscape. Also different challenges associated with safe guarding sensitive information within library e - resources. It explores various dimensions of data privacy, user confidentiality, data encryption, access control and compliance with privacy regulations. By addressing these challenges comprehensively, libraries can ensure the preservation of user privacy while maximizing the benefits of digital resources in today’s information centric landscape. In October 2023 Rhysida, a hacker group, attacked the online information systems of the British Library. So, Data Privacy and cybersecurity is most important for Digital Library. Keywords: Data Privacy, Library e-Resources, Cyber security, Confidentiality, Access Control, Compliance, Ethical Considerations, Best Practices.

Freedom from interference: Decisional privacy as a dimension of consumer privacy online

The introduction of AI-based technologies has dramatically altered the premises for consumer privacy, enabling the unprecedented manipulation of consumers’ decision-making online. Given these recent threats to consumer privacy and autonomy, and considering autonomy as the ultimate outcome of privacy, I propose that a reconceptualization is warranted to reflect contemporary consumer privacy challenges and to realign the concept with its theoretical foundations. To this end, I introduce the dimension of decisional privacy, focused on autonomy versus interference in consumer decision-making. Building on previous privacy literature and extending previous theorizing about information privacy and decisional privacy as complementary, I posit that these two dimensions of privacy together comprise consumer privacy. Addressing protection from interference as an under-communicated function of consumer privacy, the paper aims to clarify, exemplify, and engage in the conceptual development of decisional privacy in the context of consumer decision-making online. In addition to its significance for consumer wellbeing and democracy collectively, the extension of consumer privacy to explicitly encompass interference has theoretical implications for privacy concern, the proxy used to measure privacy, yielding important insights for marketing scholars and practitioners.

Inequalities in privacy cynicism: An intersectional analysis of agency constraints

A growing body of research highlights a trend toward widespread attitudes of privacy cynicism, apathy and resignation among Internet users. In this work, we extend these discussions by concentrating on the concept of user agency. Specifically, we examine how five types of structural constraints—interpersonal, cultural, technological, economic and political—restrict user agency and contribute to the prevalence of privacy cynicism as a common response. Drawing on critical data studies and adopting an intersectional lens, we demonstrate how these constraints disproportionately impact various social groups unequally, leading to a disparate distribution of agency and privacy cynicism. Furthermore, we contend that the sense of powerlessness engendered by excessive constraints on user agency can, in turn, exacerbate user vulnerability to such constraints, potentially initiating a vicious cycle of disempowerment. The article enriches the field of privacy research by linking the traditionally individual-focused and psychological dimensions of privacy with critical surveillance studies and by proposing potential interventions to mitigate privacy cynicism.

Data privacy and protection in communication networks

This exhaustive study examines the crucial topic of protecting user data and maintaining privacy within the complex realm of communication networks. It meticulously analyzes the multifarious dimensions of data privacy, including its conceptual foundations, the significant dangers resulting from intrusions, and the fundamental principles of privacy protection. The investigation encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of concrete strategies such as data anonymization, de-identification techniques, granular data sharing controls, and the use of cryptography. Real-world case studies attest to the efficacy of these methods, providing tangible evidence of their practical viability. The article predicts the evolving landscape of privacy protection, which will be driven by the rapid advancement of technologies and the adaptive responses required by regulations and social responsibilities. The collaborative engagement of individuals, corporations, and governing bodies emerges as crucial in charting the future of data privacy, highlighting the inherent interplay between technological innovations, legal frameworks, and proactive user participation.

Privacy, surveillance, and implanting RFID microchips to humans*

Background: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is specifically designed for the remote identification of objects. The first patent for human implantable RFID microchips was granted in 1997, and the FDA approved these microchips in 2004. Since then, they have found applications in humans for diverse reasons.Objective: This study aims to make an ethical evaluation of using RFID microchips in humans, focusing on privacy and surveillance.Methods: A literature review was conducted, exploring the conceptual dimensions of privacy and surveillance, and ethical evaluations were made regarding potential privacy violations caused by RFID microchips, as well as their potential uses for surveillance purposes.Results: Privacy is a multidimensional concept that spans various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, medicine, theology, and law, and throughout history it constitutes an indispensable and intrinsic necessity for humanity. On the other hand, surveillance is a process wherein certain groups employ methods to gather, accumulate, analyze, process, and utilize data, with the objective of regulating the behavior of specific groups, entailing potential physical, ideological, or structural interventions, ultimately aiming to guide individuals toward predetermined behavioral patterns.Discussion and Conclusion: A major concern with RFID microchips is potential privacy violations and their use for surveillance. These microchips and their connected networks hold a significant amount of information, including sensitive data like healthrelated information. Thus, they make individuals become easily identifiable and make them vulnerable to surveillance practices.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 84-94

Privacy and utility perceptions of social robots in healthcare

Many Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) researchers are exploring the use of healthcare robots. Due to the sensitive nature of care, privacy concerns play a significant role in determining robot utility and adoption. While HRI research has explored some dimensions of privacy for robots in general, to our knowledge, no prior work has empirically studied how human-like robot design affects people's privacy and utility perceptions of robots across different healthcare contexts and tasks. We conducted a 3 × 3 × 3 study (n = 239) to understand these relationships, varying robot Human Likeness (HL) (low, medium, and high) and scenario/task type (hospital waiting room/robot check-in support, hospital patient room/robot mobility support, home care/robot neurorehabilitation support) via a mixed between-within subjects design. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies that operationalizes complex constructs of privacy, healthcare, and HL across multiple realistic healthcare contexts, with a high degree of cognitive fidelity. Our results suggest the tasks and contexts in which privacy is considered in healthcare contexts with robots is more impactful than other factors like robot HL appearance. In particular, some settings include more complex tradeoffs between privacy and utility for robots than others. For example, HRI researchers and practitioners who want to build healthcare robots intended for the home may encounter the greatest challenges for balancing privacy risks. Finally, for the community, we demonstrate that design fiction animations can be a useful way to facilitate cognitive fidelity for supporting studies in HRI and serving as a bridge between narrative methods and the use of real-world robots.