Dimensional Materials Research Articles

High-performance Fabry-Perot fiber optic sensors from one-step laser side-polished platforms

A facile one-step non-contact process was developed for preparing the substrates for Fabry-Perot-based side-polished optical fiber sensors. A carbon dioxide (CO2) laser cladding removal technique was used to control the profile of the polished fiber surface and to introduce two reflective cavities. The substrates were characterized for a range of cavity lengths and their thermal response was studied. This device added a degree of freedom to the design of optical fiber based Fabry-Perot sensors and its potential was demonstrated by coating the substrate with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resulting sensors had a three-order of magnitude increase in sensitivity when compared to the substrate. The polished flat surface provided a route for the integration of novel materials for sensing applications, particularly those where polarization control was vital for light-matter interaction, for example, low dimensional materials such as graphene or MXene. The inherent simplicity, mechanical stability, and scalability of this approach are important steps for the realization of practical devices of this type.

Electric-field-driven ferromagnetic response in Janus MnReX3 (X = Se, S) monolayer via asymmetric interface orbital hybridization

Abstract Regulating spin-related electronic structures of two dimensional (2D) materials by an external electric field plays a substantial role in achieving spintronic and multistate information storage. However, electric-field-dependent ferromagnetic behavior at atomic-thick 2D materials is very difficult to be realized due to their intrinsic inversion symmetry, in which the symmetric spatial distribution of charge density makes it become insensitive to spontaneous polarization from external electric field. Herein, a new-type Janus MnReX3 (X = Se, S) monolayer with noncentrosymmetric configuration in which their orbital hybridization at internal interface can be engineered by rearranging the spatial symmetry of out-of-plane charge density. As a result, the spin exchange interaction among magnetic sites can be regulated by the electric-field-driven charge density redistribution, leading to a controllable ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Our results not only suggest a promising strategy to regulate the ferromagnetic response by reducing the crystal symmetry, but also provide a new insight into designing 2D magnetic materials.

Wafer level quasi-van der Waals epitaxy of AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions on sp2-bonded BN controlled by AlN nucleation layer

Two dimensional materials, such as sp2-bonded boron nitride (BN) and graphene, have been proven to be excellent templates for the growth and fabrication of independent group III-nitride materials. Herein, wafer level sp2-bonded BN film was successfully grown as a release layer on two-inch sapphire substrate using MOCVD. The different nucleation mechanisms of gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) grown on the BN surface were investigated. We discovered that AlN has a higher nucleation island density compared to GaN on the surface of BN which facilitates better merging of the GaN epitaxial layer. In addition, the quality of the GaN epitaxial layer was optimized by adjusting the growth temperature of AlN. A complete AlGaN/GaN heterojunction structure was subsequently grown on the best quality of GaN, and its average mobility and interlayer carrier concentration was about 1600 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1 × 1013 cm−2. Finally, the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction was easily transferred from the substrate using tape, which proved the good 2D characteristics of sp2-bonded BN and can undergo non-destructive van der Waals transfer for the upper layer device.

Genealogy, gender, and memory culture in late medieval Sweden: the chronicle of Anna Fickesdotter Bülow

ABSTRACT Anna Fickesdotter Bülow (1440s–1519), abbess of the Birgittine Vadstena Abbey in Sweden, was also the author of Chronicon Genealogicum (c. 1515), a genealogical narrative of aristocratic families in late medieval Sweden. Anna Fickesdotter’s chronicle is one of the earliest examples of women writing genealogy in Sweden. It sheds light on the roles of women in the transmission and commemoration of family history, genealogy as a gendered imagination and practice, but also the scripting of self as a subjective voice and a woman remembering the past. The account is analysed as an expression of medieval memory culture, where genealogy as a gendered phenomenon had a fundamental impact on the mental, material, and social dimensions of memory.

FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of globalization, international integration, and the application of science and technology 4.0 on the social security policy implementation in Ho Chi Minh City. Specifically, the focus is on improving the effectiveness of social security measures to ensure the material and spiritual well-being of vulnerable social groups in the city. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this study is rooted in the works of Smith (1973), Dang Ngoc Dinh (2013), Nguyen Hai Huu (2007), Nguyen Huu Dung (2010), and Phan Xuan Bien (2007). These scholars have emphasized the significant role of social security policies in the context of globalization, international integration, and technological advancements. The theoretical approach will be structured to address key issues related to social security policy, considering both material and spiritual aspects of individuals' lives. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research adopts a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis involves an examination of the current social security policy implementation in Ho Chi Minh City, utilizing data and insights from Dang Ngoc Dinh, Nguyen Hai Huu, Nguyen Huu Dung, and Phan Xuan Bien. Interviews, surveys, and case studies will be employed to gather data, and statistical analyses will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of existing policies. Findings: The results of the study reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the current social security policy implementation in Ho Chi Minh City. The analysis will identify areas where improvements are needed to enhance the security of vulnerable social groups, considering both material and spiritual dimensions. Key findings will inform the development of policy recommendations. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in implementing social security policies in the context of globalization and technological advancements. The practical implications include specific policy recommendations tailored to address the unique needs of vulnerable social groups in Ho Chi Minh City. Socially, the study aims to foster social progress by promoting the well-being and security of individuals within the community. Originality/Value: The value of this study lies in its in-depth analysis of social security policy implementation in Ho Chi Minh City within the current globalized and technologically advanced landscape. By synthesizing insights from prominent scholars and applying them to the specific context of the city, the study offers original perspectives and valuable recommendations for policymakers, contributing to the ongoing discourse on social security in urban areas.

Highly sensitive ZnO/Ag/BaTiO3/MoS2 hybrid structure-based surface plasmon biosensor for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria

This study presents a novel biosensor utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, comprising og zinc oxide (ZnO), silver (Ag), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria was accomplished through the utilization of the hybrid structure. The transfer matrix method (TMM) and finite element method are employed to analyze the suggested surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure. A comparative analysis has been conducted to evaluate the angular sensitivity between normal blood samples (NBS) and cells affected by tuberculosis (TB). The optimization of the performance of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure involves adjusting the thickness of ZnO, Ag and BaTiO3 layer. The accurate measurement of the full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), quality factor and figure of merits (FOM) has also been conducted. The optimal angular sensitivity has been determined to be 10 nm for ZnO, 40 nm for Ag, 1.5 nm for BaTiO3, and one layer of MoS2 with a sensitivity of 525 deg./RIU. Additionally, this study compared the effects on sensitivity of two dimensional materials graphene, WS2 and MoS2. In contrast to the currently available biosensor utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the suggested structure exhibits higher angular sensitivity. Due to its improved sensitivity, the biosensor under consideration exhibits potential for detecting a wide range of biological analytes and organic compounds.

الصحة النفسية وعلاقتها بالاتجاه نحو العمل لدى السوريين العاملين في القطاع الصحي داخل سوريا وخارجها

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين الصحة النفسية والاتجاه نحو العمل، لدى عينة من العاملين السوريين في القطاع الصحي المقيمين داخل سوريا وخارجها خلال انتشار فيروس كورونا المستجد. وتعرَّف دلالة الفروق في الصحة النفسية والاتجاه نحو العمل تبعًا للمتغيرات: مكان الإقامة، والجنس، والمهنة. شملت عينة البحث (211) طبيبًا وممرضًا، بواقع (132) من العاملين السوريين في القطاع الصحي داخل سوريا، و(79) من العاملين السوريين بالقطاع الصحي في دول الخليج: (قطر23، والإمارات 35، والسعودية 21). استخدمت الباحثة مقياس الصحة النفسية (عبد الخالق، 2016)، واستبانة الاتجاه نحو العمل من إعدادها. أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة إيجابية دالة إحصائيًا بين الصحة النفسية والاتجاه نحو العمل. كما بيَّنت عدم وجود تأثير دال إحصائيًا للتفاعل بين الجنس ومكان الإقامة والمهنة في الصحة النفسية، باستثناء وجود فروق في الصحة النفسية تبعًا للجنس والفرق لصالح الذكور. وكذلك أظهرت عدم وجود تأثير دال إحصائيًا للتفاعل بين الجنس ومكان الإقامة والمهنة في الاتجاه نحو العمل، باستثناء وجود فروق في البُعدين الوظيفي والمادي تبعًا لمكان الإقامة، والفرق لصالح السوريين المقيمين خارج سوريا؛ ووجود فروق في البُعدين المادي والصحي تبعًا للمهنة، والفرق لصالح الممرضين؛ ووجود تأثير دال للتفاعل بين مكان الإقامة والجنس والمهنة في البعد المادي، والفرق لصالح الممرضين الذكور المقيمين خارج سوريا.

Three dimensional porous magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material doped with TiO2 and Al2O3 for fluoride removal

At present, the increasingly serious fluorine pollution in water is an enormous threat to human health, therefore, a three-dimensional porous magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material doped with TiO2 and Al2O3 that can be used as defluorination material was synthesized by a green hydrothermal method and a series of comprehensive fluoride adsorption experiments were conducted in this study. The adsorption material has an ideal adsorption effect on fluoride due to its porous structure and various strong interactions with fluoride. The results of batch adsorption experiments indicate that the maximum adsorption capacity can reach up to 100.69 mg·g−1. Meanwhile, it can be applied in a wide pH range (3–10) and has strong resistance to the effect of coexisting anions. In addition, we explored the adsorption mechanism through DFT calculation, and found that electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, hydrogen bonding and chemisorption were the main adsorption mechanisms. Based on the above advantages, the adsorbent has a good application potential.

They make money off chaos: Understanding racially extractive policing regimes through a subjugated lens

ABSTRACT This paper expands our understanding of the lived experience of policing by exploring how people describe and analyze one of its salient aspects: its economic consequences. Despite growing scholarship on predatory policing strategies in the aftermath of the Justice Department’s investigation of Ferguson, Missouri, we lack an understanding of how these practices are experienced, theorized, and resisted by policed, race-class subjugated (RCS) communities. How do people narrate, make meaning from, or theorize their material relationship to policing? Do policed publics understand such practices as part of broader processes of racialized governance, political power, and community inequality? Utilizing the Portals Policing Project, we collected the largest contemporary database of narratives about policing, including over 850 dialogues that were qualitatively coded. Using a grounded theory approach we analyzed a subset of dialogues that focus on financial aspects of police, court, and carceral encounters to examine how people discussed their experiences with monetary sanctions and their broader meanings and relationships to racialized political economy and geography. When people analyzed the material dimensions of policing and incarceration, four prominent discursive theorizations emerged: (1) Police and courts deploy a variety of techniques (criminalizing public space, strategic application of child support fees, unfair taxation, among others) to structurally control the flow of RCS resources, often toward the state and non-policed White communities. (2) Such resource flows occur in the broader context of municipal prioritization of police and carceral institutions over schools and social services, which permit and sustain RCS community criminalization, extraction, and reproduction of marginalization. (3) Police construct racialized urban spaces and markets, marking informal RCS economic activity as transgressive and delimiting their expansion. (4) Police surveillance is racially embodied and permeates daily life to restrict individual activity and, indirectly, economic potential. Overall, these narratives center the police and carceral state in processes of materialized race-making—the active reproduction of racial economic inequality and dispossession that goes beyond basic racial disparities in state punishment and revenue generation.

X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of MXene electrode material used in energy storage applications – a review

Abstract X-rays have many uses in screening and materials characterization applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis are among them. From the XRD data, a crystal structure can be determined by analysis of the XRD pattern, intensity, and positions of the peaks. Information about the crystallographic space group, lattice parameters, preferred orientation, and crystallite size can be derived. XPS examines the surface chemical state of a sample. This review will focus exclusively on MXene compounds and their analysis using XRD and XPS. MXene are layered compounds with a strong potential for application in energy storage. Since MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitride, the material exhibit signals indicating the presence of specific transition elements, 1s carbon, and 1s oxygen. Additionally, there is a possibility of detecting an element from group 13 or 14 of the periodic table, such as aluminum, nitrogen, or fluorine. A comprehensive study based on XRD and XPS analytical techniques of 2-dimensional electrode materials may provide advancement in the field of energy storage. MXene especially deserve attention due to their remarkable structural and electrochemical characteristics, such as conductivity, topological, and surface area, which attracted numerous researchers worldwide.

(024) The “Fork” Dilator for Bilateral Synchronized Corporal Dilation During Penile Prosthesis Implantation

Abstract Introduction Serious implanters constantly strive for new approaches and instruments to optimize penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) surgery, subsequently improving postoperative outcomes while reducing complication risk. Objective I introduce a novel corporal dilator coined as “The Fork Dilator” or “The Fork” (patent pending) in resemblance to the “2-tine carving fork”. It comprises 2 parallel graded dilator rods (size 10 mm each) attached by a single handle that allows adjusting the distance between both rods. (Figure 1) The objective of this unique design is to allow bilateral corporal body dilation and measurement in a single synchronized step during PPI. Moreover, the fact that the twin rods are fixed parallel to each other makes them serve each other indirectly as guides ensuring proper alignment during advancement through corporal cavities. Hence, never could they meet or separate along the way. At the same time, their fused design turns each rod into a bridle restraining any exaggerated advancement of its twin thus protecting against potential perforation. The ultimate goal of utilizing “The Fork” is to reduce intraoperative time while minimizing the risk for intra and post-operative complications resulting from faulty corporal body dilatation. Methods The Fork was utilized in 21 virgin cases of PPI (18 inflatable and 3 malleable). Apart from the steps of corporal dilation and sizing, all surgeries were performed in the regular fashion. Synchronized corporal dilation and sizing were attempted in a single step via the Fork as follows. After opening our corporotomies, we adjust the position of the Fork tines according to the actual intercorporal distance. (Figure 2) Once ready, we start by passing the tips of the tines proximally till the pubic ramus is normally reached. (Figure 3) Then in a swift maneuver, the device is withdrawn and flipped upwards while being maintained within the corporal bodies and passed distally until the distal tips of the corpora are safely reached, marking the end of the dilatation step. (Figures 4–6) Proximal and distal corporal dimensions are recorded simultaneously during the previous steps. A video for the surgical technique using The Fork prototype is available for further elaboration. Results The Fork technique facilitated controlled and well-aligned corporal dilatation in all our patients. We had no incidents of corporal crossovers, crural perforations, or urethral violations. Successful PPI was achieved in a seamless and time-efficient manner. For the inflatable implants, we utilized both the Rigicon Infla10 AX® (n=12) and the Coloplast Titan® (n=6) while the Rigicon Rigi10® (n=2) and Coloplast Genesis® (n=1) were our choice for the malleable ones. Conclusions I believe that the Fork dilator is a new tool that may facilitate safe and efficient PPI in virgin cases. We look forward to conducting a comparative study to conventional dilatation on a larger number of patients aspiring the Fork to be worthy of addition to the prosthetic urology armamentarium. Disclosure No.

Dynamic large-array terahertz imaging display based on high-performance 1D/2D tellurium homojunction modulators

Mixed-dimensional van der Waals systems could improve terahertz modulators’ performance by utilizing the advantages of different dimensional materials. However, the reported available mixed-dimensional heterojunctions using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional materials usually sacrifice the modulation speed to realize a higher modulation depth. Here, we creatively integrate one-dimensional (1D) nanowires with 2D nanofilms to construct the novel mixed-dimensional tellurium (Te) homojunction and achieve optimal indices with an ultrahigh modulation depth and a shorter carrier lifetime. In addition, a Te-based large-array imaging element was fabricated to successfully reproduce the painting colors under specific pump conditions as well as the dynamic multicolor display. Further measurements with the introduction of metamaterials prove that the required energy consumption can be significantly reduced by one order of magnitude. Our proposed 1D/2D integration strategy opens a new way to build high-performance terahertz functional devices and greatly expands the application fields of Te nanomaterials.

»Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere uolunptario …«

Abstract In a time concerned with the emancipation of architecture from the mechanical arts to the liberal ones, Filarete challenged the mainstream rational-objective approach by proposing a poietic definition of architecture which spanned beyond craft and science. »Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere volunptario…« is not yet another account of architecture, but it has become its supreme definition, possessing an almost universal value and demonstrating a vision ahead of its time. This paper investigates the multiple facets of this definition by situating it in the context of Renaissance architectural practice and within the framework of Filarete’s architectural treatise. Humanistic to the core, this definition transcends the usual anthropomorphic perspective on architecture (regarding the proportions, styles or expressions derived from the human body) and goes beyond the rational-material approach, addressing the sphere of sensitivity or even the realm of the spiritual. For Filarete, architectural creation is a true poietic act, consecrated to symbolism and emotion, while genuinely rooted in its manual, material dimension.

Structural, Exterior, and Interior Medium of Wood as a Holistic Museum Experience: A Case Study of OMM (Odunpazarı Modern Museum)

The fundamental research inquiry in this study revolves around wood materials’ diverse facets, including structural identities, contextual considerations, interior and external spatial applications, and their user experiences. To address this research, a comprehensive literature review, case study, and survey were conducted. The objective being to elucidate technical, functional, sensory, perceptual, and psychological impacts of wood in a sample structure where it is the primary material in the overarching user experience. The Odunpazarı Modern Museum (OMM), conceptualized by architect Kengo Kuma and inaugurated in 2019 in Eskişehir, stands as a testament to the historical significance of the timber trade in the region. The deliberate choice of wood as the primary construction material serves as a tribute to this historical narrative. The conspicuous incorporation of wooden lath materials into both the external and interior spaces signify a conscious reference to the region’s historical heritage and aligns with sustainability principles in design. Factors such as form characteristics, dimensional distinctions, spatial arrangements, and the extent of surface interactions collectively contribute to the compelling effect of this integrative approach. Within the confines of the museum, unconventional partitioning is implemented, and the strategic arrangement of masses results in multiple facades, even in the absence of overt wooden surfaces. The exterior impact of the wooden shell complements its interior application. For this reason, OMM enabled the understanding and explanation of all dimensions of the wooden material, including physical, technical, and psychosocial.

Knowledge as a capability to make decisions: Experiences with a virtual support context

AbstractHuman decision making is an act or process that is based on explicit or tacit knowledge, and can be supported in a limitless number of ways. Knowledge is a broad and delicate concept, rich in nuance, a concept that has been interpreted, understood, and categorized in different ways. Even if it may be true that “all knowing is personal knowing,” all knowledge is not inevitably personal knowledge. Organizations have a common capability to act (i.e., knowledge capacity or intellectual capital), the lack of which would inevitably prevent organizational action and would lead to unpredictability, disorder and chaos. Hence, the conversion of personal knowledge to organizational usage has become an important and justified stream of research. However, there are serious conceptual barriers to deriving organizational knowledge directly from personal knowledge. Although the term “conversion” is partly misleading, it is used here in the absence of a better alternative to describe a type of knowledge generation process in which one kind of knowledge is used to create another kind of knowledge. In this paper, we define knowledge as the individual or organizational capability to make decisions. We show that the ability to make decisions is determined not only by the personal dimension but also by the social and material dimensions; knowledge is a triangular model that combines these three worlds. In order to explore and manage the resource of knowledge more effectively in organizational contexts, the key question involves how to support and stimulate the deployment of personal knowledge for common usage in organizational decision making. The contributions of this paper are firstly the provision of a theoretical basis for a virtual support context, and secondly a description of an experience with a concrete virtual context that supports and stimulates the conversion of personal knowledge into strategic, organizational decisions. The support system developed here provides a set of virtual conditions that can be used to exercise organizational skills and capabilities for effective decision making.

High throughput screening for electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction using metal-doped bilayer borophene: A combined approach of DFT and machine learning

NH3 plays an important role in industrial production, while it is still a challenge to develop a promising catalyst for NH3 synthesis. In particular, the metal borides have attracted much attention because of their excellent catalyst performances towards N2. In this paper, we have theoretically studied the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) by employing the transition metal (TM = Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, Ti, V, Zn, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru or Zr) doped bilayer borophene (BB). After the screening, it is found that Sc-doped BB (Sc@BB) exhibits excellent NRR performance with the limiting potential of -0.43 V, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) could be well suppressed. The limiting potential could be further improved into -0.40 V by applying 0.30 % uniaxial strains to the system. In addition, the machine learning method was employed to understand the catalytic mechanism, the results revealed that the NRR performance of TM@BB is strongly related to the inherent properties of TM atoms, such as the d-electron number, electronegativity, first ionization energy, atomic radius, and atomic number. Therefore, our paper not only proposed a promising electrocatalyst for NRR, but also further extend the application of transition metal-boron based two dimensional materials in NRR.

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties Characterization in Quasi-0D Lead-Free Bromide Crystals (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12.

Low dimensional organic inorganic metal halide materials have shown broadband emission and large Stokes shift, making them widely used in various fields and a promising candidate material. Here, the zero-dimensional lead-free bromide single crystals (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O (1) and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 (2) were synthesized. They crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group of P21 and P21/n, respectively. Through ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption analysis, the band gaps of (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 are found to be 2.75 and 2.83 eV, respectively. Upon photoexcitation, (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O exhibit broad-band red emission peaking at 640 nm with a large Stokes shift of 180 nm and a lifetime of 2.94 ns, and the emission spectrum of (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 are similar to those of (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O. This exclusive red emission is ascribed to the self-trapping exciton transition caused by lattice distortion, which is confirmed through both experiments and first-principles calculations. In addition, due to the polar space group structure and the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) associated with the heavy elements of Bi and Br of crystal 1, an obvious Rashba effect was observed. The discovery of organic inorganic metal bromide material provides a critical foundation for uncovering the connection between 0D metal halide materials' structures and properties.

Aquí y Allá: Migración Mexicana en Estados Unidos, Apropiación y Creación del Espacio Trasnacional

This article analyzes how Mexican migrants in the United States appropriate and build spaces to enjoy a comfortable stay in a physical and cultural environment different from that of origin. Harvey's (1990) definition of space as a three-dimensional dynamic place: 1) The lived and produced space; 2) perceived space and 3) imagined space. It brings us closer to the material, symbolic and anthropological dimensions of culture, where the distance between homeland and migrant is seen as an obstacle to overcome to reach harmony. The cases of the Twin Cities, Minnesota and Grand Rapids, Michigan are addressed. The documentary research method was used in the first case and field research for the second. We show how, through cultural practices, migrants’ appropriate sites, creating spaces that transcend borders.

‘Dancing the fine line’: developing critical agency with transgressive social pedagogy?

We explore bell hooks’s perspectives on transgressive learning and discuss the potential for a social pedagogical practice by changing its scope and material context through the concept of the common third. We apply hooks’s points on student–educator mutuality and the necessity of dynamically repositioning educator–student relationships. We explore how research findings from different educational contexts can relate to the tension between an individual qualification on society’s terms and the development of critical agency. We begin with recent research on youth experiences of transitioning through the Danish lower to upper secondary school system, and unfold analytical findings from the research on pedagogical practices in a youth empowerment programme situated within the American food justice movement. Similarities and differences between the radically different contexts are put into perspective by applying hooks’s understanding of transgressive learning, as well as scholarly discussions of pitfalls in the performance of emancipatory education as dialogic and classroom-based. Transgressive potentials depend on the dynamic organisation of a pedagogical framework around a common third with material, embodied and social dimensions. We suggest a conceptualisation of a transgressive social pedagogy that gradually develops critical agency. The common-third activity enables a kind of mutuality that transforms educators’ power positions and opens new ways for youths to develop their agency. We wish to contribute to a rethinking of the common third as a social pedagogical core concept of relevance for Denmark’s education system.

Identifying optical microscope images of CVD-grown two-dimensional MoS2 by convolutional neural networks and transfer learning.

In Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, scaling down has been a key strategy to improve chip performance and reduce power losses. However, challenges such as sub-threshold leakage and gate leakage, resulting from short-channel effects, contribute to an increase in distributed static power. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) emerge as potential solutions, serving as channel materials with steep sub-threshold swings and lower power consumption. However, the production and development of these 2-dimensional materials require some time-consuming tasks. In order to employ them in different fields, including chip technology, it is crucial to ensure that their production meets the required standards of quality and uniformity; in this context, deep learning techniques show significant potential. This research introduces a transfer learning-based deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes based on their uniformity or the occurrence of defects affecting electronic properties. Acquiring and labeling a sufficient number of microscope images for CNN training may not be realistic. To address this challenge, artificial images were generated using Fresnel equations to pre-train the CNN. Subsequently, accuracy was improved through fine-tuning with a limited set of real images. The proposed transfer learning-based CNN method significantly improved all measurement metrics with respect to the ordinary CNNs. The initial CNN, trained with limited data and without transfer learning, achieved 68% average accuracy for binary classification. Through transfer learning and artificial images, the same CNN achieved 85% average accuracy, demonstrating an average increase of approximately 17%. While this study specifically focuses on MoS2 structures, the same methodology can be extended to other 2-dimensional materials by simply incorporating their specific parameters when generating artificial images.