Dimensions Of Intention Research Articles

The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Individual Multidimensional Reactions to Organizational Change with Self-efficacy as a Mediator

There have been many previous studies that have analyzed individual reactions to organizational change and associated them with various antecedents. However, these studies tend to only dichotomize individual reactions into forms of resistant and not resistant. Resistance itself is inconsistently defined and associated with many different aspects. This study analyzes individual reactions to organizational change from another point of view using a comprehensive reconceptualization of reactions with an attitude theory approach that include cognitive, emotional, and intentional dimensions. This study includes transformational leadership variables as part of the leadership factor and self-efficacy as part of the individual factors that influence organizational change. The research sample includes 304 civil servants within the BPS-Statistics of Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the bootstrapping analysis show that transformational leadership has a significantly positive effect on the three dimensions of individual reactions to change. The influence of transformational leadership can be enhanced through the role of self-efficacy as a mediator. This research provides practical implications for organizations in increasing the chances of successful change efforts through positive individual reactions. Positive reactions are generated through transformational leadership which can provide self-efficacy as an important resource for individuals in the process of organizational change. In line with COR theory, individuals who have resources tend to be more prepared to face challenges, demands, and uncertainties, especially in the context of organizational change.

Investigation and influencing factors of the behavioral intention of nurses voluntarily participating in the care of older adults with disabilities

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze nurses’ intention and influencing factors to participate in voluntary care services for older adults with disabilities, and build a structural equation model to clarify the influence of behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on the behavioral intention, to lay the foundation for establishing voluntary care teams for older adults with disabilities. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 hospitals of different levels from August to November 2020. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey nurses to investigate their intention to participate in voluntary care services for older adults with disabilities, including four dimensions: behavioral intention (three items), behavioral attitude (seven items), subjective norms (eight items), and perceived behavioral control (eight items), a total of 26 items. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of general information on behavioral intention. Smart PLS 3.0 software was used to build the structural equation model, and the influence of behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intention was analyzed. ResultsA total of 1,998 nurses were enrolled, 1,191 (59.6%) were willing to participate in volunteer care for older adults with disabilities, and the willingness of nurses to participate in volunteer care for older adults with disabilities was above the medium level. The scores of behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention dimension were 26.31 ± 5.94, 30.93 ± 6.62, 27.58 ± 6.70, and 10.78 ± 2.50, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the nurses who had urban household registration, held a management positions in the department, received free help from other volunteers, and was rewarded by hospitals or organizations for voluntary activities were more willing to participate (P < 0.05). The partial least squares analysis showed that behavioral attitudes (β = 0.456, P < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.167, P < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.123, P < 0.01) had a significant positive impact on behavioral intention. The more positive the attitude, the more support, the fewer the obstacles, and the greater the intention of the nurses to participate. ConclusionMobilizing nurses to volunteer care for older adults with disabilities is feasible in the future. Therefore, policymakers and leaders need to improve relevant laws and regulations to ensure the safety of volunteers, reduce the external hindrance factors of volunteer activities, pay attention to the cultivation of nursing staff values, identify the internal needs of nursing staff and improve incentive measures, to improve the willingness of nursing staff to participate and transform it into practical action.

Carrying an unintended pregnancy to term and long-term maternal psychological distress: Findings from the Dutch prospective Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study.

Given the estimated high rate of unintended pregnancies, it is important to investigate long-term effects on psychological distress in women carrying an unintended pregnancy to term. However, research into associations between unintended pregnancies carried to term and psychological distress postpartum is mixed, and especially, evidence on long-term associations is scarce. To examine whether carrying an unintended pregnancy to term is associated with maternal psychological distress later in life, up to 12 years postpartum. This study is based on the population-based birth cohort study 'Amsterdam Born Children and their Development' study, which included pregnant people in 2003 (n = 7784) and followed them up until 12 years postpartum. Unintended pregnancy was measured as a multidimensional construct, based on self-reported data around 16 weeks gestation on pregnancy mistiming, unwantedness and unhappiness. Symptoms of maternal psychological distress were assessed around 3 months, 5 years and 12 years postpartum using multiple questionnaires measuring symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Multiple structural equation modelling models were analysed, examining the associations between dimensions of unintended pregnancy and maternal psychological distress per time point, while controlling for important co-occurring risks. Pregnancy mistiming and unhappiness were significant predictors of more maternal psychological distress around 3 months postpartum. Around 5 years postpartum, only pregnancy mistiming was positively associated with maternal psychological distress. Dimensions of unintended pregnancy were no longer associated with maternal psychological distress around 12 years postpartum. Strikingly, antenatal psychological distress was a much stronger predictor of maternal psychological distress than pregnancy intention dimensions. Those who carried a more unintended pregnancy to term reported more symptoms of psychological distress at 3 months and 5 years postpartum. People carrying an unintended pregnancy to term may benefit from extra support, not because of the pregnancy intentions per se, but because they may be related to antenatal psychological distress.

Velikih 5 crta ličnosti, narcizam i preduzetničke namere - slučaj studenata u Srbiji

The paper examines the influence of the dimensions of Big Five and Narcissism on dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Entrepreneurial intentions. The moderating effect of the item Student success (the perception of the students on their success) in studying on these relationships was also examined. The research was carried out in Serbia, and the respondents were students. The sample included 400 respondents. Extroversion, Openness to experience and Narcissism have the strongest positive influence on the Theory of Planned Behavior dimensions and Entrepreneurial intention dimension. The influence of Conscientiousness is positive, but somewhat weaker and concentrated on the Subjective norm dimension. Neuroticism has a weak negative influence, while the correlation analysis showed that there is a statistically significant negative influence on the Theory of Planned Behavior dimensions. Agreeableness has no influence, with the exception of one statistically significant and positive correlation with the Subjective norm dimension. In the case of Low Student success, Extroversion and Narcissism has a stronger positive effect on the Theory of Planned Behavior dimensions and Entrepreneurial intention dimension than in the case of High Student success. In general, narcissistic persons have a high opinion of themselves, are full of self-confidence, and are highly motivated to be successful, rich, and admired by other people. They see entrepreneurship as an opportunity to achieve what they think they deserve. Suggestions are made regarding the use of these potentials and the translation of a negative phenomenon, such as narcissism, into something useful for society.

Is the collective listener a passive recipient or a creator of ideas? (about the intentional dimension of music performance

Relevance of the study. The proposed research is determined by the realities of the musical society, they are characterized by the active inclusion of collective listening acceptance in the creation of modern musical projects. The lack of a musicological base determined the strategy of understanding the process of communication in music in the perspective of the achievements in the current communication theory. The ideas of the theory of communication developed by American and Canadian scientists Marshall McLuhan, Harold Innis, and John Durham Peters became the theoretical support of the presented considerations. Communicative strategies of the Socratic-dialogic and evangelical-dispersive type receive scientific approval in the research in the musical and communicative sphere.&#x0D; Main objective of the study is to substantiate of the hypothesis about the nature of musical communication as an act of collective (composer, performer, listener) sound-intonation intentionality, where the creativity or passivity of the reaction of the collective listener directly depends on the performance creativity.&#x0D; The discursive understanding of the role of the collective listener in music is carried out using the complex methodology of scientific knowledge, which combines the methods of theoretical generalization, discourse analysis, comparative studies and empirical observations.&#x0D; Results. For the first time, the definition of musical communication is formulated as a process that unites its participants with the desire (conscious or not) of spiritual development by immersion in acts of musical and intonation creation. Emphasis is placed on the function of individual intentionality of the musical and performing component in communicative processes. The author's definition of an individual musical and performance style as a system of expressive means corresponding to the specificity of the performer's musical worldview has been spread. This system, while maintaining its integrity, functions as a supporting factor for the re-intonation of various compositional styles and a guarantor of auditory co-intonation in musical communication processes. Empirical testing of the theoretical generalizations presented in the proposed research is based on the personal professional experience of the author.

You’ve Over the Line! Muslim Consumers are Resistant to Opposite Brand Values

The consumer's antagonistic behavior towards brands is hotly discussed because of the political issues it carries. However, factors affecting Muslim consumers to reject a product still requires more paucity of empirical evidence. The current study casts the light on antecedent factors that influence Muslim consumers to reject a product, and on a pattern between the reasons for refusal and the intention to boycott a brand. The online survey was able to reach 450 respondents from the Muslim community. This paper uses scenarios from confirmed cases of Muslim consumer boycotts against Unilever brands in Indonesia. Using the snowball-sampling technique, many of the respondents were from the educated young urban Muslim community. The model was tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Moreover, the interaction moderation technique was applied to examine the effect of moderators on the structural model. The results showed that brand hate fully mediates all variables except symbolic incongruity. The results further revealed that brand hate is a construct with three first-order formative triggers (religious animosity, ideological incompatibility, and subjective norms). In addition, this study theoretically contributes to providing clear delineation that brand hate is a dichotomous concept consisting of the dimensions of intention to boycott (intention to incite, intention to avoid, and intention to punish).

Food engineers' attitudes and purchasing intentions towards genetically modified organism products.

Background: Biotechnological developments have resulted in the modification of the genetic structures of many organisms. However, the possibility of risks in terms of human health has caused consumers to approach products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with suspicion. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their effects on purchase intentions. Methods: For this purpose, an attitude scale towards GMO products was adapted, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed by applying the adapted questionnaire. Results: It has been determined that the negative attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their purchasing intentions have an effect. Attitudes toward the use of gene technology in production were determined with 17% as the most effective dimension of purchase intention, and it was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that food engineers were concerned about the potential risk of GMO foods. In order to overcome these concerns, it is thought that eliminating the lack of knowledge of this professional group on gene technology should be planned as a strategic goal.

Evaluating the dimensions of strategic intent according to the Hamel and Prahalad model/a case study in Oil Projects SCOP Company

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the dimensions of strategic intent (SI; see Appendix 1) according to the Hamel and Prahalad model as a building for the future, relying on today’s knowledge-based and proactive strategic directions of management as long-term and deep-perspective creative directions, objective vision and rational analysis, integrative in work, survival structure and comprehensiveness in perception. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative approach was used based on research, detection and proof, as data were collected from leaders amounting to 70 respondents and analyzed in the SPSS program and ant colony optimization (see Appendix 1) algorithm and interpretation of the results. Findings It was found that the SI dimensions are poorly available due to problems related to foresight, capabilities and the strategic structure that represents the head of strategic objectives. Practical implications The empirical evaluation view of the study is valuable for leaders to draw a future strategy of advantage for organizations in developing countries to enrich their core capabilities by activating the SI dimensions. Originality/value It stems from a vital issue related to strategic dimensions aimed at a better future for strategic executive work, especially after the crisis that led to a significant decline in the level of performance of organizations.

University Incubator Support and Entrepreneurial Intention among Tourism Graduates: Mediating Role of Personal Attitude

The Saudi Arabian government has promoted the tourism industry as a way to achieve the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 by diversifying the economy and reducing overdependence on the oil sector. To align with this, several universities in Saudi Arabia have started providing tourism education. Accordingly, several academic programs and university incubators were launched to prepare workers and entrepreneurs for the industry. This study examines the role of support given by university incubators—embedded in networking support, financial support, and training support—in enhancing entrepreneurship intention among tourism graduates. Furthermore, the study examines the mediating role of personal attitude in the aforementioned relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 750 senior students at tourism and hospitality management colleges in Saudi Arabian public universities. All of the research participants have had access to these incubators. Using structural equation modeling, the study shows that the personal attitude of graduates partially mediates the impact of networking support as a dimension of university incubator support and entrepreneurship intention. However, the personal attitude of graduates was found to fully mediate the relationships between financial and training support and entrepreneurship. Future research implications and limitations are elaborated.

Çocuklar (8-10 yaş) için Girişimcilik Niyetleri Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu araştırmanın amacı üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf 8-10 yaş grubu öğrencilerinin girişimcilik niyetlerini belirlemeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Karaman il merkezinde öğrenim gören 588 üç ve dördüncü sınıf (8-10 yaş)öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçekten 8 madde çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin son hali 31 madde dört boyuttan oluşmaktadır ve ölçek toplam varyansın %35.05’ini açıklamaktadır. AFA için önerilen model, 206 öğrenciden oluşan yeni bir örneklem grubu üzerinde DFA ile test edilmiştir. DFA sonucu elde edilen uyum iyiliği değerleri (x2/ sd=1;64 RMSEA=.06; CFI= .97; IFI= .97; NFI= .93, NNFI= .97) model ile iyi bir uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplandığında algılanan davranışsal kontrol boyutunda .81, girişimci beceri boyutunda .77, tutum ve sosyal norm boyutunda .78, niyet boyutunda .78 ve ölçeğin tamamı için .93 olduğu bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Çocuklar için Girişimcilik Niyetleri Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.

Associations between dimensions of mental health literacy and adolescent help-seeking intentions.

The majority of long-term mental health problems begin during adolescence. Low mental health literacy (MHL) may impede help-seeking for these problems. Although MHL is a multidimensional construct and adolescent help-seeking can be through formal and informal means, little is known about how dimensions of MHL influence these help-seeking intentions. This study examines associations between dimensions of MHL and formal and informal help-seeking intentions among adolescents. It also investigates whether informal help-seeking mediates the association between dimensions of MHL and formal help-seeking, and whether these associations are moderated by gender. A cross-sectional survey including measures of MHL, and help-seeking intentions was distributed to participants in 10 schools (12-17 years) across Scotland (n=734). Data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Confirmatory Factor Analyses identified two distinct dimensions of MHL: ability to identify a mental health problem, and knowledge of treatment efficacy. Only knowledge of treatment efficacy was associated with increased intention to seek formal and informal help. Ability to identify a mental health problem was negatively associated with both forms of help-seeking intentions. Informal help-seeking mediated the association between both forms of MHL and formal help-seeking. Gender did not moderate the associations between MHL and help-seeking. Care should be taken when providing MHL interventions to ensure that adaptive forms of MHL are promoted. Future research should investigate possible mechanisms by which discrete forms of MHL influence adolescent help-seeking as well as investigating other potential moderators of MHL and help-seeking, such as stigma.

When power hurts: An explorative study on the relationship between toxic leadership, emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and job satisfaction

The present study is aimed to two related objectives: 1) to make a systematic review of the relationship between toxic leadership, burnout and turnover intentions in the workplace 2) to use this knowledge to investigate if and to what extent a toxic leadership style might negatively impact workers' burnout and turnover intentions. This second objective was pursuedconducting a survey focused on a convenience sample of 156 employees (48% males and 50% females), working in small and medium enterprises across Italy.&#x0D; The structured questionnaire adopted is composed of validated measures of emotional exhaustion (Sirigatti et al. 1988 ), toxic leadership (Schmidt, 2008), turnover intention (Mobley et al., 1978) and job satisfaction (Wanous et al., 1997). Results showed that all dimensions of burnout and turnover intentions were positively related to toxic leadership. Limitations of the study as well as practical implications for research and practice in HRM are discussed.

관광 특성화 고등학생을 대상으로 한 지속가능한 관광 교육의 효과

Continuing efforts are being made to contribute to sustainable development in the tourism industry, and numerous researchers have emphasized the significance of education. However, the number of studies on sustainable tourism education was extremely limited, and the primary research subjects were limited to university tourism majors. This study examined the dimensions of perception, knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention for sustainable tourism among tourism-specialized high school students, who can be considered the future leaders of the tourism industry, in order to overcome this limitation. In addition, three types of educational materials, including handouts, card news, and videos, were provided to students using a scenario-based design, and the response results of each group were compared to determine the efficacy of each type of educational material provision. Consequently, education improved the overall level of perception, knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intentions; however, there was no significant relationship between the effectiveness of each group's education and any of the variables measured. This study targeted tourism-specialized high school students, which had never been done before in the context of sustainable tourism education, and the results of this study have both theoretical and practical implications for sustainable tourism education.

The Influence of Psychological Empowerment &amp; Turnover Intention Through Career Growth in Pharmaceutical Companies, Lahore, Pakistan

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of psychological empowerment on employee turnover intention with the moderating effect of career growth. A cross sectional survey was used to collect data. A total of 207employees of different pharmaceutical companies in Lahore, were participating through random sampling in this survey. Our finding shows that the two dimensions of psychological empowerment (emotional and relational) have an inverse relationship with intention to quit, whereas (behavioral and cognitive) psychological empowerment is not significantly related to the theory. Career growth shows moderating effect on relational psychological empowerment and turnover intention, although there is no moderating impact found in the remaining dimension of psychological empowerment (cognitive, emotional and behavioral) and turnover intention. Because of the strategic importance of human capital in an organization, it is important for the continuity of the pharmaceutical firms to retain their employees by providing best career growth path to move the employees as well as organization to the next level and save the human capital cost

The effect of changing pregnancy intentions on preconception health behaviors: a prospective cohort study

PurposePregnancy intentions are associated with preconception health behaviors but are understudied among female adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Preconception health is critical for survivors because they face unique risks to fertility and pregnancy from late effects of cancer treatments. This study prospectively assessed the effect of pregnancy intention on physical activity (PA) and smoking behaviors among female AYA survivors.MethodsA cohort of 1049 female AYA survivors were recruited between 2013 and 2017. Participants were 18–39 years and had completed primary cancer treatment. Longitudinal mixed effects analysis was conducted on participants who completed at least 2 of 4 questionnaires over 1.5 years. Two measures were used to capture multiple dimensions of pregnancy intention. The pregnancy intention score (PIS) captured wanting and planning dimensions and represented a scaled response of low to high intention. The trying dimension captured urgent intention and ranged from not trying, ambivalent (neither attempting nor avoiding pregnancy), and trying now. Intention change was assessed between each consecutive time points. Final analysis was conducted with multiple imputations.ResultsSurvivors with increased intention measured by trying was associated with increased PA over time (adjusted B [95%CI]: 0.3 [0.01, 0.5]) compared to survivors with no changes or decreased trying intention. PIS was not significantly associated with preconception behaviors. No measure of intention was associated with smoking behavior.ConclusionsIncreasingly urgent pregnancy intention (trying dimension) was associated with higher preconception PA.Implications for cancer survivorsScreening for immediate intentions can identify AYA survivors in need of early preconception health promotion.

Organizational Justice and Teachers’ Turnover Intention in Primary and Secondary Schools: The Importance of Sustainable Salary Management

Primary and middle school teachers are a critical part of China’s foundational education; teacher turnover heavily affects the stable development of foundational education. Aiming at the phenomenon of teacher turnover intention in primary and secondary schools, interviews and questionnaires were used to explore the relationship between teachers’ organizational justice, salary satisfaction, and turnover intention in the management of primary and secondary schools. The research subjects were more than 500 primary and secondary school teachers from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. The data analysis results show that the sense of interactive fairness is the highest, followed by procedural fairness and the lowest sense of distributional fairness, with a certain sense of unfairness among the three dimensions of organizational fairness among primary and secondary school teachers. The average salary satisfaction score is 2.64, which is lower than the midpoint of 3, and there is a certain degree of dissatisfaction. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the pairwise correlations between the variables reached a very significant level. The results of regression analysis showed that organizational justice had the greatest impact on turnover intention, accounting for 20% of the variance. Salary satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between various dimensions of organizational justice and turnover intention, indicating that procedural fairness, interaction fairness, and distributional justice not only have a direct impact on turnover intention, but also indirectly affect turnover intention by affecting salary satisfaction. The results of this study can provide empirical data support for educational administrative departments and school managers in economically developed regions to improve their compensation management level and implement effective and sustainable compensation management policies and programs, as well as provide first-hand information for cross-country comparative studies of teacher compensation management in the field of education administration.

An integrated fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach in the hotel industry

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, the turnover intention rate is increasing day by day. The objective of this study is to identify the main factors influencing turnover intention in the Vietnam hospitality industry. The study utilizes the fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS model to evaluate the dimensions of the hotel employee turnover intention model. The performance evaluation for employee turnover intention includes Work Itself, Supervision, Coworkers relationships, Salary and Benefit, Career Opportunities, Job Stress, Perceived Risk, and Job Insecurity. These dimensions generate a final evaluation for ranking priority among the employee turnover intention of the proposed model. The importance level of dimensions is evaluated by 17 experts, and decision-making is processed through the fuzzy concept and fuzzy environment. From the critical fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS analysis results, the study shows that the most important dimensions of employee turnover intention in the hotel industry model are Salary and Benefit. Moreover, the results indicate that the least important dimensions are the Co-workers' Relationship, Supervision, and Career Opportunities. The second group dimensions that impact employee turnover in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic are Work Itself, Job Stress Perceived Risk, and Job Insecurity. Moreover, this study’s results show that three-star hotels have the highest value of turnover intention; the second is the Four and Five-star hotels, and the third is the Below three-star hotels. The results of the study will help businesses in the fields of hospitality have a more comprehensive view of human resource management activities. Especially, this study provides implications for hotel managers in understanding employee behavior and their turnover intention during the context of the COVID-19 epidemic based on the eight proposed dimensions.

The effect of design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course: A quasi-experimental design.

To determine the effect of design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course. A pre-test and post-test of single-group quasi-experimental study. The 35 nursing students and seven psychology students in their third year were selected by the computer randomly sampling through the lottery method. The course proceeded between September 2019 and January 2020. The participants had received an 8-week, 16-hr design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course (one section per week, 2 hr per section). We used the nursing attitude toward sexual healthcare scale, nursing intervention toward sexual healthcare scale to assess students' attitude and behaviour intention toward sexual health care and competence of interprofessional education scale to assess students' competence of cooperation before and after the teaching programme. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and t-tests. A qualitative reflection log was also provided and analysed for themes. The SQUIRE-EDU checklist was followed. The students' attitude and behavioural intention dimension score in the post-test is higher than those in the pre-test and reach statistically significant differences both in total and subscale. Interprofessional core competence score of Observation Experience, Reflective Feedback, Interprofessional Cooperation, Innovative Design, and Applied Technology score in the post-test is higher than those in the pre-test and reach statistically significant differences both in total and subscale. Design thinking in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course could significantly improve both nursing and psychology students' attitude, behaviour intention of providing sexual health care and competence of interprofessional cooperation.

How do students' self‐regulation skills affect learning satisfaction and continuous intention within desktop‐based virtual reality? A structural equation modelling approach

AbstractVirtual reality, as an excellent supportive instructional technology, has gained increasing attention from educators and professionals, where desktop‐based virtual reality (DVR) is broadly adopted due to its affordability and accessibility. However, when evaluating students' learning experiences such as flow experiences in DVR environments, most studies adopt a single construct (the total score of flow experience) rather than multiple constructs (enjoyment, engagement, concentration, presence and time distortion). This study implemented desktop‐based virtual reality for a STEM bridge designing program with a total of 254 undergraduates to investigate the relationship between self‐regulation skills, five dimensions of flow experience, learning satisfaction and continuous intention when engaging in a DVR learning environment. The results revealed that self‐regulated learning exerted a dominant impact on students' learning attitudes in DVR learning, in which students' flow experience had a significant mediating effect. Notably, although DVR exhibited poor time distortion, higher satisfaction and continuous intention were still predicted by the mentality of flow experience (ie, enjoyment, engagement, concentration and presence). The findings of this study contribute to the consideration of learning experiences and attitudes, which has insights for the future design of desktop‐based virtual reality environments and related instructional activities. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Students are different in self‐regulation skills, which influences their satisfaction and continuous intention in learning. Students' self‐regulation skills are one of the important variables in predicting their flow experience. A high level of flow experience contributes to a coherent and efficient learning experience within desktop‐based virtual reality (DVR) environments. What this paper adds Students' self‐regulation skills positively predicted their flow experience and satisfaction in DVR environments. The components of flow experience (enjoyment, concentration and presence) partially mediated the relationship between self‐regulation skills and satisfaction. Students' self‐regulation skills indirectly affect continuous intention by the enjoyment and engagement of flow experiences. Implications for practice and/or policy When delivering DVR‐based learning activities educators should be supportive of students with low levels of self‐regulation skills. Emphasis on promoting flow experiences such as enjoyment, engagement, concentration and presence in designing a DVR‐based classroom could enhance student satisfaction and continuous intention. Embedding scaffolding or feedback in DVR settings would support self‐regulated learning and subsequently improve student satisfaction and persistence through enhanced flow experience.

Assessing impact of consumer perceived CSR on consumer attitude and purchase behaviour in retail segment: a stakeholder theory perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between the perception of consumers about corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers’ purchasing behaviour in the retail sector. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of perceived CSR on consumer attitude and behaviour and the influence of attitude on the relationship between perceived CSR and purchase behaviour.Design/methodology/approachIn this study for collection of the data, an online questionnaire was distributed among the Indian retail consumers. From the collected primary data set, 249 data points were found fit for analysis. Further, the direct, indirect and moderating effects were evaluated using the structural equation modelling technique.FindingsIt is identified that while perceived CSR has a significant influence on consumer purchase behaviour, consumer attitude is having an insignificant impact on the relationship between perceived CSR and purchase behaviour. The findings of this study also show that consumer demographics do not have any moderating impact on the relationship between perceived CSR and purchase behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study are useful to retail managers interested in enhancing CSR. The results of this study suggest that retailers should focus on strengthening consumers’ perceptions about retailers’ CSR initiatives and enhancing co-creation activities. As an extension to this research, further study can include more potential mediators like consumer effectiveness and timing of CSR initiatives.Originality/valueThis study applies stakeholder theory as well as extends the classic theory of planned behaviour model and proposes the establishment of links among consumers’ perceptions about CSR, consumer attitude and behaviour around the retail sector. In addition, this study considers not only overall consumer behaviour but also specific dimensions of consumer behaviour, namely, loyalty, intention and satisfaction.