Dimensions Of Economic Development Research Articles

Elite Female Business Students in China and Norway: Job‐Related Values and Preferences

The focus of this paper is on the work‐related values, preferences, and future expectations among female students at two elite business schools in China and Norway. The paper argues that while gender theory predicts no significant differences between these two groups, both cultural and economic development theory imply fundamental differences. The overall picture we get from this study is mixed, in that while both cultural dimensions and economic development dimensions generally have a significant impact on the variations in job‐related values between the selected Chinese and Norwegian female business students, there are also commonalities that are ascribable to gender. That is, while there clearly are differences between the two groups there are also a number of significant similarities.

Regional Dimensions of Economic Development in Iran - A New Economic Geography Approach

This paper presents a spatial analysis of the regional dimensions of poverty and economic development across provinces of Iran. It offers one of the few estimations made in developing countries using this strand of New Economic Geography (NEG) models and provides a comparison of the results for Iran with those in previously studied developed countries. The goal of this study is to offer an analysis of the effects of agglomeration and dispersion economies on the patterns of regional economic development in Iran based on the empirical estimation of two of the NEG models. First, it presents an estimation of a Market Potential Function (MPF), in which wages are associated with proximity to consumer markets. Second, it estimates an augmented MPF derived from the Krugman model of economic geography that estimates the importance of transportation costs and economies of scale. The estimation results suggest that Iran shows a generally good fit to both models, satisfying their specifications. Compared to similar studies of developed countries, Iran shows smaller returns to scale. This might be a result of the nature of the technologies used in the non-farm private sector in Iran, which is less industrial and more traditional. Dispersion and decentralization of industries to achieve lower income inequality between provinces would create a level of loss, but less losses than they would be in Western countries. The paper also found a significantly and consistently greater effect of market potential on wages in comparison to the effect estimated in similar analyses of other countries. This might be a result of the country relying on an underdeveloped transportation system between provinces in Iran. It is also a highly mountainous and geographically diverse country. The overall result of this study corroborates the notion of centralization in the Iranian economy. The large wage variations explained by economic geography could cause significant internal migration, beyond that seen in western countries. Indeed, significant internal migration has been observed in Iran in past years.

From physical to general spaces: A spatial econometric analysis of cross-country economic growth and institutions

In this paper I extend the use of space as the organizing framework from the physical space to a socio-economic one and, based on an established institutional space, I conduct a cross-country analysis of institutions and economic performance from a spatial econometric perspective. While my results corroborate previous findings on the institutional dimensions of economic development, I am able to provide precise insights as to the spatial dimensions of national per capita GDP growth rates as well as new evidence on the role of spatial effects in the formal econometric analysis of cross-country growth performance. This paper is important in that it represents the first detailed evidence in the two aspects aforementioned.

Policy impact on desertification: stakeholders’ perceptions in southeast Spain

Two related land use change dynamics characterise the Guadalentı́n basin (southeast Spain) as one of the most severe cases of desertification in Europe: (1) expansion of highly productive irrigated agriculture in the valley, and (2) intense contemporary changes in the surrounding impoverished dry lands. On the basis of documented information, we trace the effects of past policies on these dynamics, illustrating such role with the results of 25 in-depth interviews on the issue with relevant stakeholders in the area. In line with relevant related research in other parts of the Mediterranean, our conclusion is that implemented policies have overemphasised the economic dimensions of development at the expense of environmental sustainability, specifically targeted policy instruments having failed to address the issue of desertification. Given this experience, it is estimated that only strict environmental policy enforcement together with people education could bring the situation under control.

World Bank, Governance Reforms and Democracy in Argentina

The World Bank's endorsement in the 1990s of institutional reforms as a constitutive dimension of economic development led to the adoption of a governance agenda. The paper analyses the role the Bank exercised in Argentina and explains its influence in the adoption of a new state model, of new state civil society relations and on particular key components of democracy. This paper argues that while the Bank has helped to set up an agenda of reform regarding governance problems, the push for particular policies and practices has also produced partial and contradictory results on the consolidation of democracy.

The Post-Washington Consensus and Economic Representations of Women in Development at the World Bank

In the past few years, the neoliberal Washington consensus hasgiven way to a "post-Washington consensus' aimed atintegrating social and economic dimensions of development, payingattention to broader goals such as sustainability, and challengingthe old state versus market dichotomy. Among its other effects, thisshift in development thinking has contributed to a greater emphasison gender concerns in development institutions such as the WorldBank. This article examines the recent innovations in economictheory that have informed these efforts. Through an analysis of theways that these theories construct meanings about gender equityand development, the article concludes that the post-Washingtonconsensus maintains the economistic and colonial discourses ofneoliberalism, and thus provides little space for the meaningfulsocial transformations called for by feminists working indevelopment.

De la cité industrielle à la métropole informationnelle : une perspective historique sur la relation ville-industrie

Résumé L’objet de cette contribution est de mettre en évidence une tradition analytique originale relative à l’analyse de l’organisation territoriale de l’industrie, fondée sur les travaux d’A. et M. MARSHALL, P. BAIROCH et A.D. CHANDLER. Nous mettons en lumière une tradition analytique qui emprunte tout à la fois à la science économique et à l’histoire pour traiter de la dimension urbaine du développement industriel.

Cultural heritage and sustainability in the coastal zone: experiences in south west England

Theoretical ideas of sustainability of heritage are applied to a practical case study. The south western peninsula of England has a rich variety of coastal heritage, analysis of which is undertaken via the ‘fields’ of nature, landscape, buildings, sites, artefacts, activities and people. The value of treating the cultural heritage apart from the natural heritage is seriously questioned, particularly in a coastal context. Disputes relating to the preference for one type of heritage over another are identified. While major successes are demonstrated in landscape and urban conservation, numerous failures and challenges are also recognised. It is argued that, reflecting institutional dominance of the conservation agenda, the heritage most at risk is often that which carries most meaning for local people and traditional visitors. Relating the study to the sustainability dimensions of economic development and environmental protection, the paper questions whether these wider definitions of sustainability can be applied to coastal heritage, especially in a remote region.

Social dimensions of economic development: An overview

It is now recognised that the basic objective of economic development is the expansion of human capabilities. There are important non-economic factors such as education, health and nutrition which can enhance human capabilities and consequently promote economic growth. If a large section of population particularly weaker sections is deprived of the capabilities because of illiteracy, ill health and malnourishment, thus the opportunities offered by the “well functioning market” cannot be utilised by the people. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and health facilities to these sections of society to make them capable of utilising the opportunities generated through expansion of market due to structural reforms.

Financial Market Reform in Pakistan

The paper argues that the finance dimension of economic development has often been treated as an aftellhought by researchers and politicians alike, because it is considered to be too "sophisticated" to matter for "simple" economies. The role of the financial sector was considered to be primarily for mobilising resources to increase growth. However, expclicnce has also revealed that financial development, including stock market development, is correlated with current and future economic growth, capital accumulation, and productivity improvements. It is suggested that a strategy for financial market development in emerging economies is better evolved from the perspective of the "functions" of financial markets as envisaged in modern financial literature. It is also argued that financial sector policies in emerging economies should focus on enhancing, rather than inhibiting, the multiple roles of financial markets.

Time-Lagged Effects of Exporting and Importing on Economic Development: Replication and Extension of Mullen's (1993) Model

A new model of how exporting and importing affect two dimensions of economic development was recently developed and empirically tested by Mullen (1993) with cross-sectional data. This study replicates and extends the model and analysis in several important ways. To broaden the conceptual scope, additional theoretical approaches are discussed and incorporated into the model. Then an empirical evaluation is made using new data with time-lagged export and import variables. The results support the belief that international trade affects both dimensions of economic development positively. Although the results are most pronounced with a five-year lag, the study shows that trade not only raises the aggregate economic activity of nations, but also helps satisfy basic human needs.

Islamic Perspectives on Economic Development

Islam is both a religion and a way of life. Whereas Allah Sub'hanahu wa Ta' aala prescribed a set of acts of personal worship, He also gave a code of conduct for interaction among human beings. This code consists of permissible .forms of transactions vis-a.-vis the non-permissible. According to the Islamic faith, one is as much accountable in this respect as he is in matters of personal obedience to his Creator. That Islam offers some guidelines for development is, therefore, understandable. However, what does Islam have to offer in the area of economic development-the concept as well as the strategy? There is room for some argument here. This paper focuses on this subject. The existing thought on the subject developed in the background of a huge body of literature for both planned and mixed economies-the latter modelled on the capitalist pattern. It is, therefore, not surprising that the departure from the mainstream thinking took the form of emphasis on the moral and ethical dimensions of economic development [Ahmad (1980); Chapra (1993); Sadeq (1987)]. In other words, "economic growth along with development on the moral and social planes" defined the Islamic position on this subject.

What forms of rationality for sustainable development?

This article aims to help the decision-making process in the matter of sustainable development. The real dividing lines between different analyses of sustainable development are drawn on the basis of two methodological questions. The first concerns the effective inclusion or exclusion of the ecological dimension; the second concerns the choice of a rationality hypothesis. From this perspective, we explain that neoclassical theory and conventional ecology are both insufficient because they rest respectively on an economic or ecological substantive rationality. Then we posit that the analysis of the London School constitutes an attempt to combine the ecological and economic dimensions of development. However, this approach does have its limitations, ultimately using an hypothesis of expanded economic rationality that nevertheless remains basically substantive. Last, we show how an “ecological-economic” approach based on a procedural conception of rationality also employing economic- and energy-based valuation methods seems to cover more comprehensively the issues of sustainable development involving the coordination of diverse rationalities and diverse dimensions of sustainability.

SPATIAL IMPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES IN GHANA

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have examined the macro‐economic impact and social costs of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) currently being implemented by many developing countries. Conspicuously lacking from the existing body of literature are reviews that explicitly ask and examine some pertinent geographical questions. The primary objective of this article is to assess the spatial implications of Ghana's economic recovery programmes that have been pursued since 1983 under the directions and dictates of the IMF and the World Bank. It argues that, in spite of the moderate successes recorded at the macro‐economic level, a significant flaw of structural adjustment programmes is the neglect of the spatial dimensions of economic development.

Evaluating a neglected dimension of economic development: Mortality, risk aversion and uncertainty

Mortality and longevity are important but neglected dimensions of economic well-being. This paper develops a general method for applying stochastic dominance ranking procedures to evaluate mortality distributions across populations and among major regions of the world. The dominance approach is shown to have a number of important advantages, which are illustrated with applications using data from standard life tables. The problem of “missing women” is investigated by making dominance comparisons of female mortality distributions among major LDC regions. Using United Nations model life-table data it is shown that for a wide range of life expectancy values, female mortality in the Far East dominates the overall pattern for females in LDCs, while the converse is true for South Asia and Latin America.

The Effects of Exporting and Importing on Two Dimensions of Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis

A new theoretical model is developed to explain these controversial relationships. The a priori model receives support from a structural equation analysis of data from 107 countries. Exports are found to have a direct positive effect on an economic dimension and a direct negative effect on basic needs. Imports are shown to have the opposite direct effects. Indirect and total effects also are explored.

The nature of military intervention in the countryside of Surat Thani, Southern Thailand

There have been no major military operations by the Thai state against the Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) since the mid-1980s. The tanks and guns of the Thai military have been replaced in the countryside by military officials talking about the political and economic dimensions of development. More political space existed in the countryside of the late 1980s, and some elements within the military attempted to manipulate groups of peasants in an effort to demonstrate that the military still had a legitimate role to play in politics. Utilizing material from field research conducted during the years 1985–88, I will focus on the changing nature of military initiatives in the countryside of Surat Thani in southern Thailand. I will discuss the question of whether or not military initiatives are designed to develop capitalism, maintain manageable levels of “internal” security, or combine both these rationales. Of equal importance, I will attempt to highlight the varied responses of local people to these military initiatives.

Governmental Involvement in Food Distribution Systems as a Factor in Economic Development

Scholars in marketing have advocated that economic planners use their nation's marketing system as a device for fostermg economic development. To help determine the suitability of this strategy, this study investigated the relationship between governmental involvement in the nation's food distribution system and the level of economic development. The empirical results of the study found the extent of governmental involvement within a country related to seven of eight conceptualized dimensions of economic development. Both high and low governmental involvement appear beneficial to development, while moderate involvement was associated with a relatively low standard of living.

Environmental sustainability in economic development: A comment

AbstractAlthough the linkages between economics and environment are absolute, they are not emphasized either by the economic or by the environmental professions. The economics of natural resources remains a minor unpopular theme in orthodox economics today. Similarly, the relationship of the economic subsystem to the overall ecosystem is only mentioned in most environmental science texts. Attention to the environmental dimensions of economic development burgeoned in the early 1970s and has yet to become systematic. There are encouraging signs that this is improving. The integration of economics and environmental studies has been the focus of several recent conferences and books, e.g. Brundtland, 1987; Conway, 1985; IIED, 1987; Jansson, 1984; Pearce, 1985 and at least two journals (Environmental Economics from 1976, and Ecology and Economics from 1987; excluding the vast literature mainly on pollution economics. This paper mentions four environmental aspects of economic development: the concept of sustainability, carrying capacity, ethics and irreversibility. It then focuses on one important irreversible—the loss of biodiversity—and outlines progress with the World Bank's policies in this regard.

Sociopolitical and Economic Dimensions of Development: A Cross-Section Model

Previous articleNext article No AccessSociopolitical and Economic Dimensions of Development: A Cross-Section ModelYiannis P. Venieris, and Dipak K. GuptaYiannis P. Venieris Search for more articles by this author , and Dipak K. Gupta Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 31, Number 4Jul., 1983 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451355 Views: 15Total views on this site Citations: 17Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1983 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Tomohito Okabe, Timothy Kam Regional economic growth disparities: A political economy perspective, European Journal of Political Economy 46 (Jan 2017): 26–39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.10.009Javier Alcántar-Toledo, Yannis P. Venieris Fiscal policy, growth, income distribution and sociopolitical instability, European Journal of Political Economy 34 (Jun 2014): 315–331.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.03.002David A. Moss, Anant Thaker, Howard Rudnick Inequality and Decision Making: Imagining a New Line of Inquiry, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2284341Raul Caruso, Friedrich Schneider The socio-economic determinants of terrorism and political violence in Western Europe (1994–2007), European Journal of Political Economy 27 (Dec 2011): S37–S49.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.02.003Raul Caruso, Friedrich G. Schneider The Socio-Economic Determinants of Terrorism and Political Violence in Western Europe (1994-2007), SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1693876Andrew Williams, Abu Siddique The use (and abuse) of governance indicators in economics: a review, Economics of Governance 9, no.22 (Feb 2007): 131–175.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0025-9Dipak K. Gupta Toward An Integrated Behavioral Framework for Analyzing Terrorism: Individual Motivations to Group Dynamics, Democracy and Security 1, no.11 (Jan 2005): 5–31.https://doi.org/10.1080/17419160500222733Chetan Ghate, Quan Vu Le, Paul J. Zak Optimal Fiscal Policy in an Economy Facing Sociopolitical Instability, Review of Development Economics 7, no.44 (Nov 2003): 583–598.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00210Abdiweli M. Ali Political instability, policy uncertainty, and economic growth: An empirical investigation, Atlantic Economic Journal 29, no.11 (Mar 2001): 87–106.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299934Josef Falkinger Social instability and redistribution of income, European Journal of Political Economy 15, no.11 (Mar 1999): 35–51.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(98)00039-1W.R.J. ALEXANDER, P. HANSEN Government Exports, Instability and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, The South African Journal of Economics 66, no.44 (Dec 1998): 233–241.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1998.tb01264.xRoberto Perotti Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say, Journal of Economic Growth 1, no.22 (Jun 1996): 149–187.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138861Jean-Paul Azam Democracy and development: A theoretical framework, Public Choice 80, no.3-43-4 (Sep 1994): 293–305.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053222Dipak K. Gupta, Harinder Singh, Tom Sprague Government Coercion of Dissidents, Journal of Conflict Resolution 37, no.22 (Jun 1993): 301–339.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002793037002004Mark I. Lichbach Nobody cites nobody else: Mathematical models of domestic political conflict, Defence Economics 3, no.44 (Nov 1992): 341–357.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719208404742Dipak K. Gupta Economic behavior and the analysis of violent collective actions, Journal of Behavioral Economics 16, no.22 (Jan 1987): 33–46.https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-5720(87)90027-1Jang H.Yoo* Does Korea Trace Japan's Footsteps? A Macroeconomic Appraisal, Kyklos 38, no.44 (Nov 1985): 578–598.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1985.tb01247.x