Dimensions Of Economic Development Research Articles

Regional enterprise economic development dimensions based on k-means cluster analysis and nearest neighbor discriminant

Regional enterprise economic development dimensions based on k-means cluster analysis and nearest neighbor discriminant

Structural Changes and the Index of Economic Well-being: Empirical Evidence from the Iranian Economy

It is a well-established empirical fact that economic growth and development brings about major changes in sectorial output, employment, and consumption structure. In the context of economic development discussion, structural change refers to the change in key components of macroeconomic indicators, including national production and expenditure, exports and imports, population, and the sectorial composition of labor. Considering the importance of human capital for economic growth and development, the most important of the above factors is the labor market and the sectorial composition of employment. Another important dimension of economic development is economic well-being. In this study, we formulated and calculated two indicators called the Coefficient of Structural Change of Iran (CSCI) and the Index of Economic Well-Being of Iran (IEWBI), and then used the vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling method and the software EViews v.10 to analyze the impact of structural changes of Iranian economy on IEWBI. The results indicate the positive effect of structural changes and therefore development policies on the economic well-being of Iran when the weighting scheme of IEWBI was biased in favor of the consumption flow dimension, and the negative effect in other cases. JEL: C39, I31, O11.

The emergence of port engineering in the light of capitalist modernization in Brazil, 1860–1940

This article explores one of the most important dimensions of economic development: the absorption and implementation of port construction techniques and technologies. In it, we examine the process through which Brazil absorbed and developed such techniques, applying them to the construction and equipping of the ports of Rio de Janeiro, Santos and Vitória, three ports that have been active in exporting coffee from the richest region in the country since the nineteenth century. The article also presents an analysis of the development of Brazilian port engineering, the political and corporate activity of the first Brazilian engineers and, finally, the impact of this whole process on the performance of the aforementioned ports. Starting with specific port-themed bibliography, the investigation considered sources such as technical reports and pictures, and also sparse documentation organized under the evidential paradigm, to analyse the period in which the old style colonial ports were replaced by projects for the capitalist modernization of the Brazilian maritime infrastructure, formulated by an emerging national engineering.

Economic effects of pandemic-related restrictions in Russia and their spatial heterogeneity

Relevance. The spatial dimension of economic development is always in the focus of the political and research agenda. Regional disparities, along with different rates of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and decentralization of restrictive measures, resulted in significant differences in Russian regions’ economic responses to the pandemic. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to investigate the reasons behind these regional discrepancies. Research objective. This study aims to analyze the economic consequences of the pandemic-related restrictions and the degree of the spatial heterogeneity of these effects in Russia. Data and methods. We rely on the Rosstat data to build the indicator of the level of economic activity in Russian regions in April-May 2020. We tested the hypothesis that developed regions, large cities and small businesses will suffer more, and considered the impact of the reduced demand in world markets. The significance of the factors was tested by using regression analysis. Results. The results of our analysis have shown that economic activity in the country decreased by almost 25% due to the lockdown measures, and in some regions, the decline in production output was more than twofold. The urban economy proved to be more resilient to the restrictive measures compared to the average business activity in the country. Due to its diversified structure, the urban system has a wider adaptive capacity and survived the first period of the lockdown with less losses. SMEs, due to their flexibility and entrepreneurial initiative, supported the economies of their regions. Larger and more developed regions, all other things being equal, suffered more from the pandemic. This influence, however, was offset by other factors, and the expected trend towards spatial convergence was not observed. Conclusions. While all the previous crises that Russia experienced in the post-Soviet period were accompanied by decreasing regional discrepancies, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the spatial differences, on the contrary, increased.

The Effect of Green Finance on Energy Sustainable Development: A Case Study in China

ABSTRACT Green finance development is a comprehensive system with three aspects interacted: economic, environmental, and financial activities. Based on its internal mechanism, this paper constructs an evaluation system of green finance development, which fills the absence of existing studies on green finance development. The internal development of green finance is transformed into three subsystems by PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model, and the evaluation scores are calculated by the entropy weight method. As the applications of the evaluation system, the horizontal comparison and vertical trend of green finance development in different regions of China from 2004 to 2017 are analyzed, and the relationship between green finance and sustainable energy development can also be quantitatively analyzed. The results show that sustainable energy development can be promoted through the development of green finance, using various measures in dimensions of economic development, financial development, and environmental development.

Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence from Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Land plays an important role in the economies of developing countries, and many theories connecting land inequality with different dimensions of economic development already exist. Even though efficacious land distribution allows societies to transition from poverty to a human capital-based developed economy, ongoing issues related to property rights, inequality, and the political economy of land distribution are unavoidable. The general objective of this paper is to explore the nexus between land distribution and economic development. The specific objectives are to: (i) identify which land distribution programs/activities contribute to economic development; (ii) investigate the role of stakeholders in land distribution programs that affect the growth of productivity; and (iii) assess the deficiencies of current land distribution policies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to explore how economic development theories contribute to decreasing income inequality. This paper provides an overview of land distribution history and the main economic development theories. It also highlights the links between land distribution and the main elements of economic development. Finally, it provides a comparative review of the most recent empirical works regarding the characteristics, limitations, and potential (mutual) effects of land distribution and economic development settings on developing countries worldwide.

The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Economic Development in Saudi Arabia – Empirical Study

Ideas and beliefs play an important role in guiding human behavior. As culture has a clear impact on community development, intellectual change or cultural change will rebuild Saudi society.
 
 For this purpose, our study dealt with a presentation of the various previous studies that clarified the role of cultures in the development of society and whether change and diversity have a clear role in development.
 
 The study was based on a survey of a group of questions to members of the community where the questionnaire was distributed to the University community to take different views of gender. The study also focused on determining the role of cultural diversity and emerging from some old customs to achieve sustainable development which is represented in three main dimensions of economic development, social development and finally political development. Assumptions were analyzed using multiple regressions.

Programmatic Configurations for the Twenty-First-Century Developmental State in Urban Brazil

Supplementing a traditional focus on economic dimensions of development, sociologists now frequently examine the origins of macro-level growth in human capabilities. One emergent theoretical framework for doing so emphasizes the promise of “twenty-first-century developmental states” for broadening delivery of capability-enhancing public services like health and education. Nevertheless, the configurations of state-society actors that are consistently willing and able to construct such institutions are far from obvious, highlighting a missing-agent problem at the core of the framework. The article addresses this gap by tracing Brazil's historic improvements in social development to what I call “programmatic configurations,” or broad-based alliances of civil and political society actors that ameliorate vexing public problems by building democratic institutions and state capacities needed to enact rights-based social policies. It argues that frequent local office-holding by “sanitarista” activists from the country's most important health movement, the Sanitarist Movement, has been essential for constituting the programmatic configurations that maximized social development across urban Brazil in recent decades. More specifically, a brief historical account of the movement and fuzzy-set analysis show that programmatic configurations assembled by sanitaristas in Brazil's largest capitals have generally been a sufficient condition for maximizing improvement over time in three outcomes: infant-mortality reduction, municipal spending on health and sanitation, and municipal delivery of primary public health care. I correspondingly argue for broadening the twenty-first-century developmental state framework to accommodate how programmatic configurations—and the pragmatically inclined civil society activists at their core—can contribute to democratic state-building for social development.

The role of the state in the context of the global dimension of economic development

The role of the state in the context of the global dimension of economic development

Cultural Dimensions of Economic Development: A Case of UAE

Economic development, which is sought all over, is a long-term increase in national and per capita income for higher consumption and happiness. It may seem lacking in finer things that go under the name of culture. As such, this study sets to examine the cultural dimensions of economic development, with the case study of the fast-developed small nation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The giant developing India is also drawn upon. The objectives of the exercise are to find out the nature and dynamics of economic development and its cultural dimensions or content and thereupon draw policy implications regarding economic and cultural development. The interesting conclusions that follow from the exercise are that, there are invariable cultural dimensions to economic development and that a cultural sector emerges in the course of economic development. More emphasis needs to be given to culture in development policy and planning, without culture, economic development is not wholesome, as the UAE is amicable of wholesome holistic development.

Steam democracy up! Industrialization-led opposition in Napoleonic plebiscites

Which dimension of economic development spurred support to democracy? This study focuses on industrialization as the dimension triggering the process of political “modernization†. It uses a new dataset on Napoleonic plebiscites under the second French Empire (1852–1870). The results in those plebiscites provide a detailed cross-dA©partements (French main administrative units) measure of opposition to autocracy. This study uses the variations in the thriving French modernization to disentangle the effect of industrialization on the vote from the one of other dimensions of economic development. Doubling industrial employment in the Puy-de-DA´me dA©partement (median of the distribution) would have decreased support to autocracy by 2.5–5.0 percentage points. An IV strategy using distance to the first city having adopted steam engines, access to coal and waterpower as instruments suggests causality. The baseline results are robust to controlling for other explanations of the vote and to using alternative specifications and estimation methods.

Modeling economic growth with tourism for small open economies

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to develop an economic growth model and analyze the impact of changes in tourists’ income on the growth of tourism dependent small open economies. We use a general theoretical construct to answer the question of how the price elasticity of tourism demand, income elasticity of tourism demand, and the concentration in the service sector influence the economic development of small economies. One of the main results is that the policy planners in small open economies may consider specific policies to influence the strength of market competition. An ensuing effect of such policies is that the labor incomes will increase. The approach provides a microeconomic foundation for macroeconomic modeling which can be used for applied research, and the model can be easily extended to examine other dimensions of economic development.

Mechanics of Global Value Chains: India's Perspective

The global production as a system of creating values is eventually forming a vast web of value chains. It explains the transitional structures of world trade and development of the world economy. It is truly a new wave of globalisation, and we term it as the global value chains (GVCs), creating the nexus among firms, workers and consumers around the globe. The emergence of this new scenario raises some crucial questions. It asks how an economy's businesses, producers and employees are connecting to the global economy. How are they capturing the gains out of it regarding different dimensions of economic development? Indeed, this GVC approach is very crucial for understanding the organisation of the global industries and firms. It requires analysing the statics and dynamics of different economic players involved in this complex global production network. Its widespread notion deals with diverse global, regional, and local issues from the top-down to bottom-up, building scope for policy analysis. In this context, this study will attempt to quantify the extent and impacts of India's engagement in GVCs, based on available data. It will also strive to propose a comprehensive strategic framework to identify the objectives of India's GVC participation and development with some suitable economic strategies to achieve them.

Economic growth in emerging economies: what, who and why

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a general definition of emerging economies (EEs) and investigates the main determinants of their high rates of economic growth by extending the basic framework of neoclassical growth models to include various dimensions of economic development. According to the proposed definition, we find a list of 38 EEs for the period 2000–2014, whose emergence is proved to be strictly associated with the decline of the age dependency ratio, the increasing rates of investment growth and the improvements in human capital.

Sustainability Indicators of Iran’s Developmental Plans: Application of the Sustainability Compass Theory

The main purpose of this study was to analyze Iran’s developmental plans in order to examine and compare their direction and conformity with the sustainable development theory via the compass of sustainability. The approach involves a content analysis used in line with qualitative research methodologies. The results indicated that, in the first developmental plans, there was no direct reference to sustainable development. In the second to fifth plans, the main focus was on the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of development; which were common elements seen in the policies of all the plans. An analysis of the fourth plan revealed that expressions related to sustainable development appeared more frequently, indicating a stronger emphasis on sustainable development by decision-makers.

Corruption and economic development: New variables in the mix

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to explore the relationships that are thought to exist between the corruption within a country and additional selected components that contribute to a country’s sustainable economic development across regions of the world. Design/methodology/approach: Using data from the World Bank on various aspects of development, data from Transparency International on perceptions of types and levels of corruption, and information on government types from the CIA World Fact Book, a series of statistical models were developed to examine relationships among corruption in its various forms and dimensions of economic development. Research limitations: The research is limited by the availability of data from the sources over the time frame examined. Findings: The findings are mixed, showing that some types of corruption have greater negative impact on specific aspects of economic development; however, it appears that the effect may be moderated by other country factors. Originality/value: The study adds information on female participation rate, Strength of Legal Rights Index and the GINI Index into the mix. Practical implications: Corruption’s impact on economic development may be moderated by cultural and “other” factors.

The Role of Government Policy in Entrepreneurship Development

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that examines the role government policy plays in the development of entrepreneurship and its impact on economic development. The study builds on existing literature on entrepreneurship, economic development and government policy as it relates to entrepreneurial practices. The outcomes of literature review propose two hypotheses. Integrating entrepreneurship practices with economic development, with government policy intervening, a framework is developed. For the reason that entrepreneurship is a part of economic development strategy employed by several countries globally to achieve macro-economic benefits. The framework provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners to further examine entrepreneurship policies and practices. For researchers, the framework clarifies the determining attributes of entrepreneurship, government policy and economic development dimensions and their proposed relationships. For practitioners, the framework can be used to gain an understanding of the role of government policy on entrepreneurship development as well as economic development.

The Legal Origin of Income Inequality

The legal origin movement is implicitly functionalist, while it explicitly prioritizes economic dimensions of development. From this perspective, the empirical findings presented in this paper seem to uncover the existence of a paradox. On the one hand, common law countries are apparently characterized by countless advantages, yet they do not grow faster than civil law countries. On the other hand, common law countries present a more unequal distribution of income, thus suggesting that also from a static perspective there is no a priori reason to prefer a common law system. To further investigate this paradox, we analyze if common law countries are at least characterized by a better kind (earned) of inequalities. However, as the economic distinction between inequalities of opportunities and inequalities of effort is too fragile, this proved to be an impossible task. We are therefore left with the unsolved riddle of the contradicting results obtained by the legal origins literature. From a more practical perspective, the empirical findings seem to disprove the dogma that common law countries are under every condition the perfect benchmark for reforms in developing countries.

Dimensions of Economic Development and Growth Management Policy Choices

This article integrates the urban politics, growth management, and economic development literatures to examine how voter characteristics, community context, local government structure and capacity, and state policy and regional contexts influence the adoption of development incentives and growth management policy instruments. Using a 2004 national survey of city economic development directors, U.S. Census, U.S. Department of Agriculture Atlas of Rural and Small-town America, U.S. Census of Governments, and U.S. Election Atlas voting data, we develop two scaled Poisson policy count models. Only wealth and growth rates play large, significant roles in explaining both location incentives and growth management, while local government structure and bureaucratic capacity does not significantly affect adoption for either policy type. We conclude that location incentive and growth management policy adoption decisions are driven by a community’s political economic context: its voter characteristics, community context, and the regional context.

Elite Female Business Students in China and Norway: Job‐Related Values and Preferences

The focus of this paper is on the work‐related values, preferences, and future expectations among female students at two elite business schools in China and Norway. The paper argues that while gender theory predicts no significant differences between these two groups, both cultural and economic development theory imply fundamental differences. The overall picture we get from this study is mixed, in that while both cultural dimensions and economic development dimensions generally have a significant impact on the variations in job‐related values between the selected Chinese and Norwegian female business students, there are also commonalities that are ascribable to gender. That is, while there clearly are differences between the two groups there are also a number of significant similarities.