Design Dimensions Research Articles

DesignFusion: Integrating Generative Models for Conceptual Design Enrichment

Abstract Conceptual design is a pivotal phase of product design and development, encompassing user requirement exploration and informed solution generation. Recent generative models with their powerful content generation capabilities have been applied to conceptual design to support designers’ ideation. However, the lack of transparency in their generation process and the shallow nature of their generated solutions constrain their performance in complex conceptual design tasks. In this study, we first introduce a conceptual design generation approach that combines generative models with classic design theory. This approach decomposes the conceptual design task based on design process and design attributes, and uses the who, what, where, when, why, how (5W1H) method, function-behavior-structure model, and Kansei Engineering to guide generative models to generate conceptual design solutions through multi-step reasoning. Then we present an interactive system using a mind-map layout to visualize multi-step reasoning, called DesignFusion. This empowers designers to track the generation process and control inputs/outputs at each reasoning step. Two user studies show that our approach significantly enhances the quality of generated design solutions and enriches designer experience in human–artificial intelligence co-creation.

The Impact of Advanced Manufacturing Technology on Achieving Competitive Advantage: A Field Study at Foodstuff Manufactories in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a

The study aimed to investigate the impact of advanced manufacturing technology on comparative advantage of foodstuff manufactories in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a. Using an analytical approach, data were collected from a sample of 90 employees through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using inferential statistical methods applied with SPSS software. The findings revealed a positive influence of advanced manufacturing technology on the competitive advantage of foodstuff manufacturers in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a. The study also revealed that information technology dimension was the most influential factor affecting the competitive advantage of foodstuff manufactories, while the design and engineering dimension had the least impact. Based on these findings, the study recommends further strengthening the application of advanced manufacturing technology in foodstuff manufactories in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of robust supervision of the implemented manufacturing systems to ensure product quality. The study underscores the need for higher focus on the quality of raw materials used in the manufacturing process.

Towards an Effective Architectural Form: The Composition of Squareness and Roundness Based on Scale Proportion—Evidence from the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

Investigating the mathematical and geometric principles embedded in ancient classic architecture is a significant tradition in the history of architectural development. Drawing inspiration from the modular design and creative ideology based on the geometric proportions of squareness and roundness in ancient Chinese architecture, we propose a new mode of squareness and roundness composition based on scale proportion specifically for the design of multi-story buildings. Taking Yingxian Wooden Pagoda as the case study, we not only re-evaluate the modular system and proportional rules followed in the design of the entire pagoda, but also reveal the technical approaches and geometric rules for effectively controlling the form of multi-story buildings. In particular, the mode of squareness and roundness composition based on scale proportion, utilizing a modular grid combined with squareness and roundness drawings as decision-making tools, can control the scale and proportion of buildings across different design dimensions and organically coordinate the design of multi-story buildings’ plans and elevations. Thus, it can achieve an effective balance of multi-story architectural forms. This study has potential applications in the creation of traditional multi-story buildings and heritage restoration projects, and offers valuable insights for future research on ancient multi-story buildings.

Exploring Consumer Preference for Sustainable Design Attributes in Music-Inspired Products: Integration of Sustainable Development Goals

Music, as a transcultural art form, offers auditory enjoyment and conveys profound emotion and distinctive imagery. In the era of emotional consumption and within contemporary consumer culture, elements of musical imagery have become intricately entwined with product design, providing consumers with deeper visual and emotional experiences. We explored consumers’ cognitions and preferences concerning the integration of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators into the attributes of music-related imagery products. The Attractiveness Ergonomics IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) and IRPA (Importance-Relative Performance Analysis) methods were used to evaluate attractiveness and impact on consumer satisfaction. The results showed how music-related imagery products integrate art, culture, and social responsibility to attain a more profound influence. They also unveiled product design elements such as “visual aesthetics” and “color selection” to attract consumers. Additionally, the significance of incorporating SDG indicators into the design of music-related imagery products was found to increase social responsibility and sustainable development. The study’s outcomes allow for a deeper understanding of consumers’ preferences and requirements concerning the design attributes with SDG indicators in music-related imagery products. Valuable insights for the design and marketing of such products propel the application and dissemination of sustainable development goals within the realm of music.

An automated design framework for composite mechanical metamaterials and its application to 2D pentamode materials

Until relatively recently most mechanical metamaterial classes being studied have been composed of a single solid constituent phase and design has focused almost exclusively on structural geometry. Additional design dimensions can be introduced by accepting heterogeneity and varying materiality, i.e., allowing mechanical properties to vary across the metamaterial's unit cells or even from cell to cell in the metamaterial domain, creating composite metamaterials. This higher dimensionality significantly expands the effective property envelope, but the additional complexity also presents a significant hurdle. To overcome the design challenge, an automated design framework is proposed that leverages modern evolutionary computation techniques, combined with finite element analysis for fitness evaluation, to a discretized or voxelated design domain. However, this approach introduces stochastic and statistical aspects to the design process, which requires additional processing to successfully extract useful solutions. A case study is presented in which the proposed automated design framework is used to generate 2D structures that exhibit pentamode-like behavior. Pentamode metamaterials, which are best known for extreme bulk-to-shear modulus ratios (B/G), offer unique control over effective elastic properties and make for a particularly interesting test case. The evolutionary objective was defined as maximizing B/G over a voxelated square 2D domain. It was found that the evolutionary process converges to a solution relatively rapidly, generally in less that a hundred generations. B/G ratio values of 10,000 and more were obtained, largely exceeding those commonly found in the literature for experimental pentamode metamaterials. These generated designs feature reduced stress concentrations due to the elimination of point-like connections between lattice struts, which addresses a key practical limitation of diamond lattice pentamodes. It was observed that whatever the initial variety of elastic moduli values across the voxels of the design domain, as evolution progressed this variety collapsed to a much smaller number, most often a binary composite of very stiff voxels with a limited number of much softer voxels at key locations that acted as hinges.

Advancing prosociality in extended reality: systematic review of the use of embodied virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour in extended reality

Advancing prosociality in extended reality: systematic review of the use of embodied virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour in extended reality

Gender mainstreaming in urban projects: A measurement proposal applied to Spanish Urban regeneration policies

Urban policies financed in the framework of the European Cohesion Policy are a privileged area for the study of the Gender Mainstreaming (GM) due to the gender European rules and to the importance of the European Union in urban development. The aim of this paper is to validate an instrument for the systematic measurement of the application of the GM tool, and to evaluate the implementation of GM in Spanish urban policies financed by the EU. For this purpose, based on previous measurements and analysis, a specific methodological tool has been elaborated and applied to the 89 urban intervention projects implemented in Spanish big cities in the framework of the URBAN I, URBAN II, URBANA, and ISUD (Integral and Sustainable Urban Development) calls for proposals (1994–2020). The results reflect a sectorial orientation in the application of the GM. Moreover, we observed a more significant implementation of the strategy in the direction setting dimensions and a scarcer integration in the actor-oriented dimensions. The dimensions' scores could reflect the classic difficulties for actor-oriented dimensions in urban policy design and the effect of the EU's lack of clarity about gender equality on a multi-level governance policy.

Sustainable new product development based on innovative product opportunity gap for a waste to energy system: pistachio packaging

PurposeThis study aims to perform innovation analysis for a product based on market, design and process dimensions. This integrated approach provides sustainability for product design and development.Design/methodology/approachA significant aspect of innovation is investigated to provide energy from the wastes collected in the reverse chain. First, the indicators related to the product opportunity gap were collected and ranked by the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. Indicators with a factor loading above 0.6 are selected and inserted into the proposed mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model was implemented in GAMS 28.2.0 to maximize energy production from waste and minimize the cost of product innovation. A case study on pistachio new packaging process innovation is investigated.FindingsThe results showed that in today’s competitive world where sustainability and the environment are important, the index of converting waste into energy is one of the main indicators of innovation. Consequently, flammability is extracted from the mathematical model as one of the most significant indicators leading to higher energy production with the lowest innovation cost.Originality/valueNew product development (NPD) is significant to sustain market share and satisfy customer needs. Different approaches are proposed to handle NPD, mostly focusing on the customer and design requirements.

Experiments in supply chain management research: A systematic review and future directions

AbstractThe supply chain management discipline has seen a tremendous growth in the use of experimental methods. Given the large number of published studies, the time seems opportune to systematically review the use of such approaches. In this note, we consider multiple dimensions of experimental design used in articles published in six of our premier journals. We present these findings and contemplate opportunities for future applications of experimental methods. In particular, we highlight a need to more regularly conduct and report on the results of power analyses and experimental checks, more carefully contemplate the justification and use of WEIRD (Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic) participants, develop and test mediated theoretical models, and increase our focus on teams as the unit of analysis when using experimental methods.

The aesthetics of robot design: towards a classification of morphologies

AbstractRobots are becoming increasingly prevalent in the workplace. As Industry 5.0 pursues human-centric technologies, a greater understanding of what effects aesthetics has on those interacting with robots is needed. This paper sets out robot morphology as a way to characterise key form types, and proposes seven classifications: anthropomorphism, zoomorphism, phytomorphism, artemorphism, functiomorphism, amorphism, and neomorphism. Through an assessment of the current robot aesthetic landscape, design dimensions are identified with examples that can inform future robot design.

Evaluation of Peruvian Geological Properties in the Dimensional Design of Cantilever Walls

Evaluation of Peruvian Geological Properties in the Dimensional Design of Cantilever Walls

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ

The current problem of operating automotive equipment at low temperatures associated with the loss of diesel fuel’s properties (reducing the cloud point and crystallization of the fuel) is being considered, resulting in equipment failures due to failure of the power system and direct freezing of the fuel in the tubes, paraffin deposition leading to clogging of fuel filters. Domestic automotive vehicles do not have any effective means of heating diesel fuel, which forces drivers operating equipment in harsh climatic conditions to use their own individual developments. For these purposes, a device has been developed that allows you to heat all the diesel fuel poured into the fuel tank. The drive of the device (fuel priming pump) is proposed to be electric (from a linear electric motor), from the vehicle's on-board network, the type of pump used is piston, double-acting. A comprehensive calculation of the fuel priming pump is presented in order to determine its main characteristics and design dimensions. A schematic diagram of the installation of the developed device and all elements in the diesel engine power system is presented. The implementation of the proposed technical solution was carried out in the power system of the YaMZ-238 diesel engine installed on a load stand under conditions of its operation in low temperatures (the Far North, etc.). The obtained results of tests on a bench engine confirm the relevance of the research and showed that the use of the developed technical solution will allow heating all the diesel fuel poured into the car tank to a temperature of plus 50 °C, thereby eliminating the possibility of its crystallization and cloudiness and, in general, reducing the number of vehicle failures. techniques related to this problem.

PERAN DESAIN PEKERJAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS KINERJA KARYAWAN DI ERA DIGITALISASI

In the era of continuous digitalization, job design has emerged as a key factor in enhancing employee performance effectiveness. This literature review explores the role of job design in the new context of a workplace transformed by technology. With a focus on how digitalization can be both an enabler and a disruptor, this article synthesizes recent research to identify the most substantial elements of job design that influence employee performance. The study includes an analysis of job design dimensions such as autonomy, task variety, task identity, and feedback, all of which have been disrupted by digital changes. By combining various theories and empirical studies, this article proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates classic job design principles with the demands and opportunities created by the digital era. The findings indicate that progressive adaptation of job design can strengthen employee engagement and organizational resilience to change. Furthermore, this article identifies research gaps and recommends directions for future studies on job design in an ever-changing technological era. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the interaction between job design and performance effectiveness in a digital context is essential for the development of responsive and sustainable human resource strategies.

Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) programs: Key design dimensions and attitudes of potential participants

The Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) is a tool that employs monetary or non-monetary incentives to promote sustainable behaviors. While CGSP pilot programs have been initiated, its main design dimensions and people’s preferences for these dimensions remain unexplored. This study developed a two-stage framework to summarize key components of the CGSP’s design and delve into participants’ preferences for various CGSP designs. Our findings indicate that individuals aged over 30, with comparatively higher incomes, and living within smaller households, tend to exhibit tendencies towards high-emission travel. Regarding interviewees’ preferences for the key design dimensions of the CGSP, a unanimous consensus emerges that the government should play a leading role in CGSP development. While divergences exist, most interviewees lean towards CGSP programs being voluntary in nature, city-level in scope, and possessing mid-term billing cycles (monthly to semi-annually). Attitudes towards monetary incentives display significant variation among interviewees, with those working in the transportation industry generally exhibiting a greater affinity for non-monetary incentives. The majority of interviewees express comfort with personal information collection for the CGSP, particularly among potential low-emission travelers. This study provides valuable insights for designing and promoting CGSP mechanisms.

РОЗРОБКА ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ВИБОРУ СТИЛЮ ОДЯГУ НА ОСНОВІ KANSEI ENGINEERING

This research is devoted to implementation of the expert systems for rapid change in production of women's outerwear. Factorial analysis and the cluster analysis are used for the structuring of the subject environment. Analysis of the emotional component of the garment on the basis of KE can be achieved through cluster analysis. Such an approach will identify models of clothes based on perception and emotional needs of the consumer. Thus, the main goal of the study was achieved by forming decision-making rules aimed at solving the sub-task of selecting ready-to-wear models based on the Kansei Engineering methodology. The analysis and identification of the formed database of photos of ready-made clothing models was carried out by means of cluster analysis of intergroup relations using the Euclidean distance, which allows for the identification of conditional groups of relatedness of products by design attributes. The obtained final centers of the clusters together with the information about the color solution of the clothing models allowed us to build a product model of an expert system for choosing clothing that meets the formulated wishes of the target consumer. The object of the study is the women's fashion dresses in spring-summer 2023 season. Thus, a general collection was formed which amounted to 66 photos of fashion dresses for subsequent questionnaire. Work with the software product takes place in the form of a dialogue in the form of consecutive system questions and user answers. The developed system can be used both for the selection of ready-made clothes (for example, in stores, including online stores), and for the selection of a prototype for the development of a new model of clothing that meets the aesthetic needs of the consumers.

The associations of built environments with public bike use for metro commuters

ABSTRACT This research addressed two questions: (1) what are the associations of built environments with public bike use, and (2) how different are the associations among sociodemographic groups? The study sampled commuters entering or leaving the metro stations in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. Their mode choices of connecting trips between trip origins/destinations and metro stations were analyzed using logit and latent class models. Empirical evidence revealed that attributes of density, diversity, distance to transit, and distribution of rental stations result in more significant effects on public bike use than attributes of design and destination accessibility in general. The three segments of respondents that indicated partially dissimilar associations of built environments with public bike use were identified. The empirical results contributed new evidence to the study issues and benefited the development of customized strategies based on travelers’ sociodemographic attributes and built environments for promoting public bike use.

3D Printed Architectured silicone composites containing a UV-curable rheological modifier with tailorable structural collapse

3D printed silicones, combining the unique physiochemical performances of silicones with the attractive design freedom of additive manufacturing, have aroused intensive interest from academia and industry owing to their attractive applications. Direct writing (DW) was the most used method to enable the 3D printing of silicones, but it was limited by its conflicting rheological requirements. Herein, we present novel design of an ultraviolet (UV)-thermal dual-cure ink for UV assisted DW of silicone composites. A UV curable rheological modifier was key to the ink design, which would not only increase the ink viscosity and yield stress substantially at low contents, but also further enhance its shape-retaining capability during printing by UV-assisted curing. As a result, challenging structures with good mechanical performances and isotropy were printable. Interestingly, the degree of structural collapse for the product could be controlled by tailoring the printing parameters, which proved to be a new design dimension for property manipulation of 3D-printed cellular architectures. Rheology of the inks and boundary conditions for structural collapse were discussed in detail. This work will open new opportunities for the development of 3D-printed silicones with customized architectures and tailored performances.

Motivation through a gamified experience

Teachers must utilize the pedagogical potential of the various gamification technologies that can support learning achievement when derived from the ARCS motivational paradigm. The goal of the current pre-experimental study is to determine how students' ARCS motivation is affected when gamified online resources are used. There was a population of 457 Peruvian secondary school students, and a statistical sample of a probabilistic nature, made up of 209 students. The Motivation Survey on Didactic Materials (IMMS) was used as an instrument, based on the ARCS motivational model approach; with the dimensions of attention, relevance, trust, and satisfaction, this instrument was adapted and validated. After the intervention, it was found that the majority of students managed to reach a high motivational level in the post-test. In addition, positive results were found in all dimensions of the ARCS motivational design because they all reached an increase in their levels. However, the satisfaction and relevance dimensions achieved further development, reaching a high level. Keywords: ARCS motivation; gamification tools; IMMS; Keller model.

High-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization framework using geometric domain decomposition and data-driven support strategy for wing design

Traditional aerodynamic shape optimization methods usually suffer from difficulties in optimization and modeling for high-dimensional aerodynamic optimization problems. To overcome these difficulties, a new high-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization framework is proposed from the perspectives of geometric domain decomposition for dimensionality reduction and a data-driven model support strategy for changing the role of surrogate model and assisting the optimizer. Geometric domain decomposition uses proper orthogonal decomposition to transform the high-dimensional Class-Shape Function Transformation method into low-dimensional geometric modes to reduce design dimensions for parameterizing the geometric shape, which reduces optimization and modeling difficulties. Also, a data-driven support strategy is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the optimizer by learning from historical aerodynamic data; this strategy modifies the role of surrogate model in the optimization framework to assist the optimizer; the surrogate model, serving as an auxiliary role, can reduce the dependence on model accuracy, which overcomes the difficulty of high-dimensional modeling to some extent. We applied the developed framework to transonic drag reduction of wings to validate its performance. The optimization results show that the developed framework converges faster and offers better designs compared to direct optimization and state-of-the-art surrogate-based optimization frameworks for high-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization.

Experimental and numerical investigation into the local scour of bridge cofferdam with anti-scour ribs

Cofferdam is widely employed in the construction of underwater bridge foundations. Its crucial attribute lies in providing a dedicated platform for construction activities and enhancing the water resistance dimensions in structural design, consequently amplifying local scour. However, previous research on local scour has seldom investigated the effect of construction facilities on the life cycle development of local scour on foundations. This gap has led to a misunderstanding of protective strategies against local scour throughout the construction period. In this paper, a scour experiment platform was implemented with a unidirectional flume. Physical model experiments were conducted to scrutinize the protective impact of anti-scour rib structures against local scour. The experimentally determined scour depth was compared to assess the performance of the anti-scour rib protection system. Oblique photogrammetry was subsequently used to capture the morphology of the equilibrium scour pit in the experiments. The associated topographical data were imported into Fluent commercial fluid software for in-depth flow field analysis. A numerical flume model was established to examine the hydraulic characteristics under two distinct topographical conditions: a smooth riverbed during the initial stage of scour and a scoured riverbed at the equilibrium stage of scour. To further determine the protective mechanism of anti-scour rib protection, the influence of anti-scour rib protection on shear stress was investigated numerically. Analyses revealed that incorporating scour protection ribs during cofferdam construction alters the flow field characteristics, hindering the downward movement of subsurface flow beneath the structure, reducing bed shear stress, and consequently mitigating scour effects. The instantaneous protective effect of scour protection ribs strengthens as the scour topography develops. The protective effectiveness of scour protection ribs was mainly influenced by rib length, spacing, and shape.