Dimensions Of Architecture Research Articles

Proposed Model of Internet of Things Adoption for Higher Education Institution

In the light of the information technology revolution, the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) is an important development that can enhance the efficiency of daily activities, such as increasing communication efficiency for users around the world. Within this context, few users realize the benefits of using IoT services. In general, most of the previous studies focused on technical aspects of the Internet of Things, such as architectural dimensions and wireless sensor networks, and the studies did not focus on examining the perceptions of IoT users. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect users' adoption of IoT services in an educational institution in Iraq. Random samples were used to collect data from 302 (faculty) at Northern Technical University. The UTAUT model was used with the addition of two factors (privacy, trust), as current research confirmed the importance of these two factors in the users' decision to adopt new technologies. The current study found that social influence is the most important factor regarding behavioral intention (BI) to use IoT services followed by expected effort, privacy and performance expectations. Facilitating conditions have an impact on the behavior of using IoT services. Finally, the study recommends decision makers in higher education institutions to use Internet of Things services and work to increase users' awareness of its benefits.

Silence and the city: an examination of the power of architectural form

The article suggests that the misuse of architectural form is the major threat to our cities. Form has power and form used mindlessly has indiscriminate consequences for the urban environment and its citizens.To explore this ‘silent’ power of form, the article takes Louis Kahn’s lecture on ‘Silence and Light’ as its opening text. Kahn‘s distinction between the ‘measurable’ and ‘unmeasurable’ dimensions of architecture is compared to similar distinctions made by Kant, and extended by Schopenhauer at the turn of the nineteenth century. We learn that it is the ‘unmeasurable’ aspect of reality that gives form its power and in the second part of the article, using detailed analyses of Frank Lloyd Wright’s work, we are able to explain how the ‘unmeasurable’ is revealed within the ‘measurable’ and how such carefully balanced use of form can make a significant contribution to the health of our cities.

Tectonics of human well-being: describing architecture in terms of constructed spatial gestures and their impact

Understanding the long-term consequences of architecture on human well-being is essential to inform the underexposed social dimension of sustainability. In this context, architects are generally required to maximize the spatial capacities of architecture towards enhanced social quality and value. Consequently, we need to improve our methods for describing the impact of architecture across disciplines. It is our hypothesis, that tectonic theory provides a potential framework towards such interdisciplinary description by implying a critical discussion of the interrelations between architecture’s impact on people’s well-being by means of spatial gestures and the detailed prioritisation of resources in construction. As part of a research project investigating the social and socio-economic value of architecture by juxtaposing architectural, anthropological, and economic analysis, this paper investigates the anthropological dimension of those gestures. Using anthropological analysis, the paper critically evaluates whether and how the key intended spatial gestures identified by the architects (in our previous analysis of the architectural dimension) are experienced by the occupants of the building in the form of lived spatial gestures. Data collection involved 8 semi-structured interviews with the occupants of a mixed-use building complex in Denmark. In conclusion, the paper contributes to the understanding of architecture’s role and impact on human well-being, through the discussion of a tectonic framework describing the interaction between architecture and people as a spatial dialogue, in the form of constructed ‘gestures’ across the disciplines of architecture and anthropology. Hereby paving the way for positioning the question of human well-being related to the economic prioritisation of resources in construction.

A study on the characteristics of traditional Manchu dwellings in Northeast China

Abstract China has a lengthy and glorious history spanning thousands of years. Traditional dwellings represent distinct regional cultural origins, and different forms of housing constructions have arisen as a result. However, traditional dwellings preserve area culture and specific life memories as a fundamental component of rural life. From the perspective of conventional dwellings, this paper takes the representative Manchu folk houses in Northeast China as an example. It discusses the architectural structure, appearance style, and overall style of Manchu folk dwellings and the cultural dimension of architecture and its distinctive value under the impact of regional culture.

Architectural Anthropology in Urban Housing Complex: A Spatial Study on the Culture Construct of a Community Design Architecture

The science and art of architecture skilfully relate parts to a greater whole as well as creates a form, which is uniquely appropriate for the exercise of a specific set of functions. There is no single approach to the study of architecture, but many. Anthropological approach considers buildings as cultural artefacts and can be revealing of the relationship of dwellings to family, social structure and mores. Architectural anthropology is an emerging discipline which has its scope in the interface of physical and cultural spaces of a community. The present study is an empirical attempt to understand the anthropological and phenomenological dimensions of architecture in two urban housing complexes located in Kolkata in India. The key concept to be used in the present study is space both in terms of theoretical discourse and empirical representation. The study do establish the fact that buildings have social lives with physical structure, needs, uniqueness, characters as well as cognitive identity. The social identity of these buildings is drawn from a number of socio-economic variables of the residents guided by time–space determinants.

Redefining Structural Art: A Neuroaesthetics Perspective on the Art of Structural Design

Structural art should not be marginalised as an integral part of structural design. By reviewing historical understandings of structural art, this article discusses the ambiguous and neglected perspective of structural art on architectural design and human perception dimensions, concentrating the attention of structural art on the question of human aesthetic perception. Based on significant changes in how art is perceived due to recent neuroaesthetics research, this article introduces recent findings from cognitive neuroscience regarding embodied perception principles, sheds new light on the aesthetic experiences inherent in the built environment, and clarifies and expands previously held beliefs about structural art. Finally, while emphasising the significance of structural art, this article attempts to provide a body-informed perspective on structural art that can aid in incorporating human neuroaesthetic perception principles during the conceptual phase of the structural design process, thereby redefining the effect of structures on architectural space and aesthetics, thus redefining structural art.

The City Makers of Nairobi: An African Urban History

The City Makers of Nairobi: An African Urban History

Preferences of the Facade Composition in the Context of Its Regularity and Irregularity

The aim of this study is to determine the preferences of Polish society towards building facades depending on the degree of the composition regularity of the facade elements. The subject matter is inspired by the authors’ observations in relation to the current architectural trends. The purposefulness of the conducted research results from several issues. Firstly, the reports of psychology and neurosciences clearly indicate the universality of certain preferences towards visual attributes of objects (e.g., in relation to abstract symmetric patterns), resulting from biological conditions. Secondly, residential, multi-family architecture is by definition designed for a wide group of anonymous users whose expectations must be met. One of the dimensions of the above-mentioned expectations is the visual dimension, partially dependent on the composition of the facade. In the course of the conducted research, it is shown that facades with a regular composition are assessed as more attractive than those with irregular compositions. Moreover, irregular facades evoked a negative effect of a significantly greater force than the positive effect in the case of regular facades. The above-described discoveries shed, in the authors’ opinion, a completely new light on the contemporary work of architects. It is extremely important to adapt the visual dimension of architecture to the expectations of its recipients, while taking care of its values and quality as a field of art.

Kay Sage, Modern Architecture, and the Tyranny of Geometry

The American Surrealist painter Kay Sage’s friendship with the poet Ezra Pound in Rapallo, Italy, resulted in at least two Vorticist paintings in 1935–36. Past mentions of the connection between the two have failed to properly account for Pound’s Fascism during those years. Sage’s first husband, Prince Ranieri di San Faustino, was Pound’s principal supervisor at Radio Rome and oversaw the poet’s infamous pro-Fascist broadcasts during World War II. Calling attention to the original architectural dimensions of the Vorticist project and Pound’s efforts to revive the movement in Fascist Italy, I consider Sage’s work in light of Pound’s advocacy for a Fascist modernism, such as his efforts to have the regime’s headquarters in Rapallo built after unrealized designs by the Futurist architect Antonio Sant’Elia. After her falling-out with Pound because of his anti-Semitism, Sage relocated to Paris and became acquainted with the Surrealists, whose critiques of modern architecture and planning, such as those lodged by the painter Roberto Matta, a formally trained architect who interned in Le Corbusier’s Paris office, began to inform her work. Striking parallels exist between Sage’s mature paintings and Fascist Italy’s modernism, leading to the conclusion that her Surrealism was infected by politics and reflects on the dual rational and irrational aspects of Fascism and advanced art’s compatibility with the Fascist program.

Organizational aspects of landscape enterprises: The case of Istanbul

ABSTRACT: As a management function, organizing deals with activities designed to support the realization of institutional goals and plans, performed within an organizational structure that serves to connect, direct, manage, and control the activities associated with these plans and goals. Considering the extensive scope of landscape architecture, it is necessary for organizations operating in this field to focus on management and organization issues (which have ecological, architectural, economic, and social dimensions), and their integration with administrative functions to achieve success. In this context, the present study examined the organizing processes of private enterprises operating in the landscape sector, investigated the differences among them, and analyzed the interaction of organization-related aspects. Within this scope, the research focused on evaluating stages of organizing, principles and effects of organizing, organizational relations, and organizational authorities and responsibilities. The province of Istanbul was selected as a case study to consider the specified objectives. Data were collected through questionnaires and then sent through ANOVA and Spearman correlation analyses. The results showed that the main problems affecting these enterprises in terms of organizing were delegation, participative management, and inter-departmental relations. Organizational aims and customer groups were also shown to have an impact on these issues, and the components of the organizing function distinct relationships with one another. This study concluded that adopting a holistic approach in organizational processes and related applications is essential.

Before | After: Thresholds Roundtable: The History and Legacy of Thresholds Journal

Before | After: Thresholds Roundtable: The History and Legacy of <i>Thresholds</i> Journal

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

Functional-Structural Plant Models Mission in Advancing Crop Science: Opportunities and Prospects.

Functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) have been evolving for over 2 decades and their future development, to some extent, depends on the value of potential applications in crop science. To date, stabilizing crop production by identifying valuable traits for novel cultivars adapted to adverse environments is topical in crop science. Thus, this study will examine how FSPMs are able to address new challenges in crop science for sustainable crop production. FSPMs developed to simulate organogenesis, morphogenesis, and physiological activities under various environments and are amenable to downscale to the tissue, cellular, and molecular level or upscale to the whole plant and ecological level. In a modeling framework with independent and interactive modules, advanced algorithms provide morphophysiological details at various scales. FSPMs are shown to be able to: (i) provide crop ideotypes efficiently for optimizing the resource distribution and use for greater productivity and less disease risk, (ii) guide molecular design breeding via linking molecular basis to plant phenotypes as well as enrich crop models with an additional architectural dimension to assist breeding, and (iii) interact with plant phenotyping for molecular breeding in embracing three-dimensional (3D) architectural traits. This study illustrates that FSPMs have great prospects in speeding up precision breeding for specific environments due to the capacity for guiding and integrating ideotypes, phenotyping, molecular design, and linking molecular basis to target phenotypes. Consequently, the promising great applications of FSPMs in crop science will, in turn, accelerate their evolution and vice versa.

Investigating Hostile Post Detection in Hindi

Hostile content on Social Media platforms is becoming a problem for governments and organizations. There is a need for AI based intervention which can filter hostile content at scale. The challenge lies in ambiguity of language, absence of training data and local context. In this paper, we investigate Hostile Post Detection for the Hindi Language, which is the topmost language in the Indian Subcontinent in terms of speaker population and third in the world. We extend our prior work in this area along the dimensions of (i) Representations (ii) Data and (iii) Architecture, exploring approaches like Transformers and Multi Task Learning among others, along the way. In this highly experimental study, comparisons are drawn, trends are discovered and insights are presented. We manage to improve on the baseline by 16.5% and 29.77% on the two evaluation metrics viz. Coarse Grained F1 Score and Fine Grained F1 Score. We are also able to beat our prior work results by 0.93% and 9.18% on these two evaluation metrics respectively. Experiments performed by us number 60 which is larger than the number reported in any other work for Hostility Detection in Hindi, to the best of our knowledge.

Reinterpretation of Dalí's »Vidriera Hipercubica« designed by Pérez Piñero in 1971

In 1971, the Spanish architect Emilio Pérez Piñero designed a foldable system of glass panels to separate the stage from the inner courtyard of the Dalí'Theatre‐Museum in Figueras. It is one of his last projects, before his early death by a car accident, ended abruptly this very creative period of the extraordinary constructor. The project is directly appointed by the artist Salvador Dalí himself, who was enthusiastic about Piñero's filigree constructions and called the foldable structure »Vidriera Hipercubica«, making a reference to the 4th dimension as a constant theme in the art of the 20th century. Analogous to the 4th dimension in physics – time, movement stands for the 4th dimension in architecture. The invention of the last system is patented in 1976, four years after the death of the architect under the description »System of Articulated Planes«. It can be read like a construction manual for the hypercubic glass. In the seminar »Movable Structures«, which takes place every summer semester since 2015 at the Institute of Structural Design at Universität Siegen, the realisation of a reinterpretation of the »Vidriera Hipercúbica« is the content of the current course. Following the assembly instructions of different patents by Pérez Piñero, it is possible to use the movement as a design tool, which allows to interpret the 4th dimension in architecture. One of the objectives is to pass the technical limits of that time and to integrate new possibilities in manufacturing. In particular, new types of glazing material will be used as well as digital production processes for connecting details. The reinterpretation focuses not only in its architectural interest, but also in the further development of the research work started by Piñero 50 years ago as well as to achieve innovative options of application. Hence, the imaginable use of foldable structures for the mobile installation of solar collectors could be one of them.

Embedded resilience in the built stock. Lessons from socio-spatial interpretation. The case of CanFugarolas (Mataro-Barcelona)

ABSTRACT The concept of resilience remains vague as it pertains to the buildings’ scale and the architectural dimension, particularly when dealing with the recovery and reuse of former industrial premises. This study advocates for socio-ecological (bounding-forward) resilience and the use of Panarchy heuristics to analyze the embedded resilience of building stock. This research is based on a case study of CanFugarolas, in Mataró (Barcelona), a former workshop converted into a socio-cultural centre. Here, the building becomes a repository for latent urban dynamism, where spatial transformation is the mechanism by which embedded resilience is released in the form of social dynamism. Adaptive spatial capability (potential) translates into social dynamism (performance) because of socio-spatial interactions. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the spatial and social parallel evolution of the case study reveals that (i) a strong correlation exists between spatial transformation and social participation; (ii) spatio-functional tactics and spatial adaptive capabilities are social and formal complementary mechanisms for spatial appropriation during social progression; (iii) spatial diversification and hierarchization are evidence of spatial specialization, resulting from said socio-spatial interactions. Eventually, (iv) indications of thresholds appear in the form of spatial over-fragmentation and hyper-specialization, denoting spatial exhaustion and embedded resilience limitations.

Architectural dimensions of socially driven venture capital firms: social innovation in the capital markets

PurposePrivate equity and venture capital (VC) firms in the capital markets sector invest capital with the primary goal of delivering economic value. However, some firms in the capital markets sector have started to shift this focus to create (i.e. invest in) social value. More specifically, traditional VC firms are starting socially oriented funds, while other firms have emerged to focus solely on investments in social enterprises. These VC firms are contributing to an interesting paradox – performance metrics are not measured by profit alone but also by social innovation. From an architectural perspective, the authors examine the implications of internal design, i.e. how specific strategic and structural factors influence the financial performance of VC firms with a social orientation to determine if these firms really can “do well and do good.”Design/methodology/approachSocial orientation was determined by content analysis of mission statements of the VC firms. Firm strategies, structures and performance were sourced from secondary data. A moderated mediation model was used to test relationships.FindingsResults suggest that (1) socially responsible VC firms adopt distinct foci of social investing that directs their strategic orientation and (2) these various foci have vastly differing effects on the firm's overall performance, strategic decisions made and the architecture of their structural design.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore socially responsible VC architectural dimensions, with implications for firm design based on blended measures of success.

Visual-spatial dimensions of modern residential buildings, experience of the Nordic region

The visual-spatial dimensions of architecture are constantly changing, architects and urban planners are aware and understand the need for a healthy, active, vibrant public outdoor space, creating viable, economically and rationally suitable living spaces in the urban environment [12]. A comprehensive approach to sustainable architecture and design with a green structure combines a high-quality urban environment. In modern architecture, one of the perspective directions in the development of visual-spatial environment and structural forms is related to the active and continuous synthesis of the design and construction process in the urban environment [13; 4]. In recent years, the tendencies of rationalism and commercial nature based on technological progress have entered architecture and create a need for the architects to purposefully cooperate with the urban planners in the elaboration of development plans. The format of mutual cooperation brings together and rationally balances various dimensions of the urban environment in a compact visual-spatial structure. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the visual-spatial dimensions of modern residential buildings in the context of sustainable urban development.

Mesoporous TiO2 Microparticles with Tailored Surfaces, Pores, Walls, and Particle Dimensions Using Persistent Micelle Templates.

Mesoporous microparticles are an attractive platform to deploy high-surface-area nanomaterials in a convenient particulate form that is broadly compatible with diverse device manufacturing methods. The applications for mesoporous microparticles are numerous, spanning the gamut from drug delivery to catalysis and energy storage. For most applications, the performance of the resulting materials depends upon the architectural dimensions including the mesopore size, wall thickness, and microparticle size, yet a synthetic method to control all these parameters has remained elusive. Furthermore, some mesoporous microparticle reports noted a surface skin layer which has not been tuned before despite the important effect of such a skin layer upon transport/encapsulation. In the present study, material precursors and block polymer micelles are combined to yield mesoporous materials in a microparticle format due to phase separation from a homopolymer matrix. The skin layer thickness was kinetically controlled where a layer integration via diffusion (LID) model explains its production and dissipation. Furthermore, the independent tuning of pore size and wall thickness for mesoporous microparticles is shown for the first time using persistent micelle templates (PMT). Last, the kinetic effects of numerous processing parameters upon the microparticle size are shown.

Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012

The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated. Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.