Dimensional Photonic Structures Research Articles

A versatile study on neuron deformation of brain through photonic structure

The neuron connections in the central nervous system play an important role in the structure of the life organ. The neurons control the operational mechanism of an entire brain which sways the intact system of the body. An itty bitty variation of neurons in the brain creates a serious complication which may lead to the brain haemorrhage. The amount of the variation/deformation of neuron in brain determines the stage of the brain stroke. So an early computation of the deformation of neuron saves from brain haemorrhage. Keeping the importance of the neuron deformation in the brain, the present article employs one dimensional photonic structure to fetch the amount of deformation in the brain using infrared (IR) signal of 1310 nm (wavelength). The principle of measurement of the deformation relies on the light transmittance characteristics of three layers of photonic structure which contains the tissues of the brain. The output power emerging from one dimensional photonic structure indicates the status of the neuron deformation. The output result infers that the amount of deformation of the of neuron decreases linearly with the increasing of an output power. Same techniques are applied for both focusing clear and CLARITY specimen for the sake of validation. For example; the outcomes of the same specify that the output power decreases from 23.9923 µW to 0.0076 µW for deformation raging from 1.0 µm to 1.4 µm of the brain from CLARITY. Similarly, the output power decreases from 29.1294 µW to 0.27956 µW for deformation raging from 1.0 µm to 1.4 µm of the brain from focus clear method. To sum up, the outcomes of the current research confirms that the amount of the deformation in the brain can be identified by knowing the output power. In short, the present work proposes a photonic crystal based sensor through which one can fetch the amount deformation of the brain by knowing the amount of transmitted signal at the output end. For example; the neuron deformation which is ranging from 1.0 µm to 1.4 µm could be known instantly by applying 1310 nm to the proposed photonic structure.

Realization of fluoride sensor using two dimensional photonic structures and machine learning model

Present research computes the concentration of fluoride in water with the help of all type of two dimensional photonic structures and machine learning model. The current work has a certain primacy relating to the several types of losses in the photonic structures. Further this paper considers silicon based square, triangular and honeycomb based two dimensional photonic crystal structures. Aside this, mathematical models are developed using the linear regression algorithm to prophesy the concentration of fluoride in the water by knowing the power emerging from the proposed structure. Moreover the above said machine learning model discloses the relationship between concentration of fluoride and output power as $$ {\text{concentration}} = 17979 \times {\text{output power}} - 11548,{\text{ concentration}} = 7902.8 \times {\text{output power}} - 4438.2{\text{ and concentration}} = 446.47 \times {\text{output power}} - 274 $$ with the error of 5.405%, 6.6762%, and 15.806% corresponding to the square, triangular and honeycomb structure respectively. Finally, the present model indicates that both square and triangular photonic structures are paramount candidates to estimate the fluoride concentration rather honeycomb as it suffers glut error.

3D Waveguides for Nano Photonic Application

Silicon and gallium arsenide (GaAs) based three dimensional photonic structure is realized here to envisage at Terahertz mirror device, which is purely belonged to the application of nano photonic devices. Further plane wave expansion technique pertaining to the mathematical formulation is disclosed in this research to evaluate the photonic bandgap of silicon and gallium arsenaide crystal structure. Aside this, lattice spacing and diameter of air holes of both the structure play key role to understand the above said application, which controls the reflection and transmission of signal . Finally it is revealed that with the proper combination of lattice spacing and diameter of air holes of the said 3D structure determines a range of Terahertz frequency. Finally, the outcome of the paper claims that the proposed structure can be a suitable candidate for nano photonic application.

Numerical investigation of photonic crystals structure on zinc oxide film

In this work, the design and the performance of a two dimensional photonic structure with hexagonal geometry is numerically investigated by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The structure consists in a zinc oxide (ZnO) substrate patterned in a hexagonal configuration with periodic holes with different radius. The photonic crystals exhibited band gaps in the near infrared wavelength range. This kind of photonic structures can be used for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.

A proposal to identify live cancer cell by naked eye: Realization of biomedical application using 1D photonic structure

The present communication deals with the investigation of the type of cell either normal or cancerous using one dimensional photonic structure, where the proposed structure manipulates with three layers of silicon (1 st and 3rd layer) and examining cell (2nd layer). Furthermore, the principle of detection of cell is based on the analysis of the reflected signal as well as the photonic band gap of the said structure. Lastly, the outcomes of quantitative analysis confirm that the naked eye could detect the type of cell. For example, if the reflected signal belongs to red color zone then cell would be normal. Similarly, the cell could be cancerous, if the reflected signal belongs to black color zone.

Periodic transmission peak splitting in one dimensional disordered photonic structures

In the present paper we present ways to modulate the periodic transmission peaks arising in disordered one dimensional photonic structures with hundreds of layers. Disordered structures in which the optical length nd (n is the refractive index and d the layer thickness) is the same for each layer show regular peaks in their transmission spectra. A proper variation of the optical length of the layers leads to a splitting of the transmission peaks. Notably, the variation of the occurrence of high and low refractive index layers, gives a tool to tune also the width of the peaks. These results are of highest interest for optical application, such as light filtering, where the manifold of parameters allows a precise design of the spectral transmission ranges.

Photon Management Structures Originated by Interference Lithography

Abstract Since micro- and nanostructures for photon management are of increasing importance in novel high efficiency solar cell concepts, structuring techniques with up-scaling potential play a key role for the realization of these concepts. Interference lithography is reviewed as a technology for the origination of fine-tailored two and three dimensional photonic structures on large areas. With the interference pattern of two or more coherent waves, a wide variety of structures can be generated on areas of up to 1.2 x 1.2 m 2 . In combination with subsequent microreplication steps, the industrially feasible production of elaborate structures is possible. After the review of the basic technology, three novel application examples are presented: (1) honeycomb structures for the front side texturization via nanoimprint lithography, (2) diffractive back side gratings for absorption enhancement in the spectral region near the band gap of silicon, and (3) three dimensional photonic crystals as elements for visionary solar cell concepts including advanced light trapping schemes and luminescent processes.

Thermo‐tunable defect mode in one dimensional photonic structure based on grooved silicon and liquid crystal

AbstractA composite 1D photonic structure with defect was designed, fabricated by wet anisotropic etching of (110)‐oriented silicon and filled with liquid crystal. The polarized reflection spectra of the second‐order stop band with defect mode have been registered by means of FTIR microscopy. The thermo‐optical effect in the photonic structure due to phase transition in liquid crystal has been demonstrated in the spectral region of 8.5 µm. The relative shift of the defect mode peak was found experimentally to be 2.0% compared to 3.1% as predicted by calculation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)