Dimensional Photonic Crystals Research Articles

On the sensitivity of defect modes outside the first photonic bandgap in optical sensors based on defected 1D photonic crystals

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of using of defect modes (DMs) in the second photonic bandgap (PBG) in defective one dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) for creating optical sensors. The dependencies of the relative sensitivities on the defect layer (DL) thickness for the first and second PBGs at optimized PC parameters are obtained and compared and the advantage of the first PBG over the second PBG in all ranges of the DL thickness is shown. However, as the order of the defect mode (DM) and optical contrast of the structure increase, this relative advantage becomes less prominent. The behavior of the DMs and their relative sensitivity outside the PBG when DL thickness changes are considered. The dependences of the relative sensitivity on different parameters of the PC for DM in the first and second PBGs are also compared. This work is mainly theoretical and aims at finding general patterns that can be generalized to any specific examples and parameters of 1D PC with DL for any practical realizable sensors.

A 1064 nm laser adaptive limiter with visible light transparency based on one dimensional photonic crystals of LiNbO3 defects.

Herein, we present the investigation of the visible light transparency and optical limiting characteristics of one dimensional photonic crystals with LiNbO3 defects fabricated by the sputtering technique. Transmission spectroscopy measurements reveal a broad photonic band gap with a 1064 nm defect mode and high transmittance within the visible range. The optical energy limiting performance in the photonic crystal can be attributed to the strong confinement of the optical field surrounding the LiNbO3 defect layer. The low energy 1064 nm laser demonstrates a transmittance of 82.15%. Notably, the optical limiting threshold is lower at 62.03 mJ cm-2 in comparison with conventional optical limiting materials. Additionally, the optical limiter achieves a transmittance of 68.57% within the visible light band.

Ultra compact, high contrast ratio all optical NOR gate using two dimensional photonic crystals

An all-optical NOR gate is implemented using a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The paper provides a structure of an all-optical NOR gate constructed by introducing a line and point defect. The proposed NOR gate uses a hexagonal lattice structure with E shaped waveguide. The contrast ratio, response time and bit rate of three input NOR gate are 29.59 dB, 0.8 ps and 1.19 Tbps, respectively. The proposed gate is constructed with the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The structure has been simulated and analyzed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) methods. It offers high contrast ratio, better response time with ultra-compact size. Hence it is suitable for high speed optical integrated circuits and switching devices.

Defect modes in defective one dimensional parity-time symmetric photonic crystal

The introduction of defect layers into one-dimensional parity-time (PT) symmetric photonic crystals gives rise to resonances within the photonic bandgaps. These resonances can be effectively explained by our generalized temporal coupled mode theory. The scattering properties and dispersion relation of defect modes exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional one-dimensional Hermitian photonic crystals with defect layers. By tuning the non-Hermiticity or other model parameters, the modulus of the generalized decay rate can be reduced, consequently, the electric field concentrated within the defect layer strengthens. This arises due to the unique band structure of one-dimensional PT-symmetric photonic crystals, which differs significantly from that of traditional one-dimensional Hermitian photonic crystals. Furthermore, the interaction between multiple resonances is investigated through the introduction of multiple defect layers. Our study not only provides insights into resonance phenomena in defective non-Hermitian systems but also contributes to the design of relevant optical resonance devices.

Biophotonic sensor for swift detection of malignant brain tissues by using nanocomposite YBa2Cu3O7/dielectric material as a 1D defective photonic crystal

In the present research work we have theoretically examined the biosensing capabilities of proposed one dimensional defective photonic crystal for swift detection of malignant brain tissues. The transfer matrix formulation and MATLAB computational tool have been used to examine the transmission properties of proposed structure. The identical buffer layers of nanocomposite superconducting material have been used either side of cavity region to enhance the interaction between incident light and different brain tissue samples poured into the cavity region. All the investigations have been carried out under normal incidence to suppress the experimental liabilities involved. We have investigated the biosensing performance of the proposed design by changing the values of two internal parameters (1) the cavity layer thickness (d4) and (2) volume fraction (η) of nanocomposite buffer layers one by one to get the optimum biosensing performance from the structure. It has been found that the sensitivity of the proposed design becomes 1.42607 μm/RIU when the cavity region of thickness 15dd is loaded with lymphoma brain tissue. This value of sensitivity can be further increased to 2.66136 μm/RIU with η = 0.8. The findings of this work are very beneficial for designing of various bio-sensing structures composed of nanocomposite materials of diversified biomedical applications.

The transport of dipole solitons in a one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal

Quadratic χ(2) nonlinearity crystal provide an ideal stage for the researches of the transport of optical solitons. However, the transport of dipole solitons in a homogeneous χ(2) nonlinear medium is unstable. To solve this problem, a one dimensional nonlinearity photonic crystal is designed from a χ(2) nonlinearity crystal by quasi-phase matching technique. The duty cycle of the positive polarized in the transverse direction of the crystal is periodic modulated, so as to realize a stable transport of dipole solitons in it. Besides, relations of the transportation characteristics of the dipole soliton and the modulation parameters are researched in this letter numerically. Moreover, mobility and collision of these dipole soliton through the crystals are discussed through the paper. Some key parameters of the related experiment are also estimated.

Defect mode properties of self-similar symmetry order in triadic Cantor photonic crystals

The discovery of quasi-crystal tells us that not only the translational symmetry order (TSO) but also other orders can produce Bragg diffraction. As far as we know, in one dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) there are two symmetry orders, TSO and self-similar symmetry order (SSO). There has been a lot of researches exploring the properties of defect of TSO in the 1D PCs, but until now we do not find any studies related to the defect of SSO. In this work we consider the triadic Cantor set (TCS) PCs to stage 6, and attempt to create the defect of SSO by changing the scale factor of stage 2 to 3 and stage 3 to 4, where for the high-refractive-index layer only the thickness of stage 3 changes. It's well known that the defect of TSO governs the frequency of a kind of transmission peaks, called defect mode. Our results show that the defect of SSO influences the background intensity of the transmittance spectrum rather than the transmission peaks. We note that the defect mode frequency and the transmittance background intensity interchange their roles for the two symmetry orders, and it follows that the long neglected transmittance background intensity should be a significant optical property.

Moisture-enhanced trace chloroalkanes detection in bimetallic metal-organic frameworks 3-dimensional photonic crystal.

Chloroalkanes have long been a threat to environmental protection and human health, however, rapid and efficient detection of chloroalkanes remains challenging. Herein, 3-dimensional photonics crystals (3-D PCs) based on bimetallic materials of institute lavoisier frameworks-127 (MIL-127, Fe2M, M=Fe, Ni, Co, Zn) demonstrate the great potential of chloroalkanes sensing. Particularly, at temperature of 25°C and dry conditions, the 3-D PC consisting of MIL-127 (Fe2Co) shows optimal selectivity and high concentration sensitivity of 0.0351±0.00007nmppm-1 to carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4), and the limit of detection (LOD) can reach 2.85±0.01ppm. Meanwhile, MIL-127 (Fe2Co) 3-D PC sensor presents a rapid response of 1s and recovery time of 4.5s for CCl4 vapor, and can maintain excellent sensing performance under heat-treatment of 200°C or in the long-term storage (30 days). Mechanism studies indicated that the excellent sensing property derived from the doping of transition metals. Moreover, the moisture-enhanced adsorption of CCl4 for the MIL-127 (Fe2Co) 3-D PC sensor is also observed. H2O molecule can remarkably enhance the adsorption of MIL-127 (Fe2Co) to CCl4. The MIL-127 (Fe2Co) 3-D PC sensor shows the highest concentration sensitivity of 0.146±0.00082nmppm-1 to CCl4 and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 685±4ppb under the pre-adsorption of 75ppm H2O. Our results provide an insight for a trace gas detection using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the optical sensing field.

Design and simulation of reconfigurable optical logic gates for integrated optical circuits

The proposed work presents design and simulation of a new reconfigurable optical logic AND, NOT and NOR gate constructed in a two dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PhCs). Due to many advantages like high speed, fast response, high bit rate and compact size these optical gates find applications in optical devices, communications and optical sensors for next generation optical systems. The proposed gate structures can be used in realization of all optical devices used in photonic integrated optical circuits. These optical logic gates are constructed in 6 µm * 6 µm in 2D PhCs square lattice structure with a lattice constant a = 0.648 µm. All the gates are realized by creating structural disorders in the cross-waveguide geometries of 2D PhCs. The plane wave expansion (PWE) is utilised to get the complete band gap and required band of the waveguide. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is utilised to investigate the performance of these gates. The several performance parameters are examined using this structure and observed that proposed structure has reduced size, fast response time, better contrast ratio against the existing designs and high bit rates of 1.88 Tbit/s and 1.55 Tbit/s for NOT and NOR gates respectively. The amplitude of the optical signal larger than 0.5 arbitrary units (a.u.) and less than 0.1 (a.u.) at output are considered as logic ‘1’ and ‘0’ respectively. The gates are implemented in third optical window at the wavelength of 1.55 µm. RSoft FullWAVE simulator is used to perform simulation.

Frequency doubling of femtosecond laser pulses in three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals

Quasi-phase matched nonlinear frequency conversion in three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) has been considered for implementation of the second harmonic generation of transform-limited and chirped femtosecond laser pulses. Spatial distribution of the second harmonic intensity is shown to be caused by Cherenkov- and Raman–Nath-type nonlinear diffraction. These types of nonlinear diffraction may occur simultaneously resulting in an efficient multi-order nonlinear diffraction in the Bragg regime, which can be realized by a proper choice of the modulation period of NPC structure in longitudinal direction for considered transverse diffraction order. Three dimensional NPCs open up new possibilities for ultrafast nonlinear photonics and parametric interactions in optics.

Coupling of topological interface states in 1D photonic crystal

Coupling of topological interface states in a one dimensional photonic crystal has been systematically investigated in a broad energy region of electromagnetic spectrum. The robust topological interface states appear when the Zak phase between the adjoining photonic crystals are different at their common photonic bandgap. The coupled interface states created combining three photonic crystals are useful for the spatial confinement and enhancement of electric fields, which could find potential applications in nonlinear photonics and multichannel filters. Anticrossing observed in the dispersion confirms the strong coupling between the topological interface states and causes Rabi-like splitting between them. The splitting energy is found decreasing with increasing number of unit cells in the photonic crystal. The angular and polarization dependency of the coupled states are studied in detail. The resonant wavelength position and bandwidth of the dual reflectivity dips corresponding to the coupled interface states are polarization sensitive and tunable with varying angle of incidence of light.

New designs of 4 × 2 photonic crystal encoders using ring resonators

Optical encoders are pivotal elements in optical communication applications. There is much need for ultra-compact and high-speed novel designs. This work proposes two new designs of fast, compact 4 × 2 optical encoders using two dimensional photonic crystals. The proposed structures consist of square lattice silicon rods embedded in an air background. The operation of these encoders is based on the wave interference technique. The encoders are designed to help in achieving better performance through increasing the contrast ratio and decreasing the power loss and the return loss. The PWE method is used to analyze the photonic band gap. We used FDTD simulation to obtain the electric field distribution inside each structure and the normalized output power. We prove that the scattering rods improve the directivity of the light toward the desired paths and decrease the backward reflection. The proposed encoders have small footprint areas of 204.8 and 160.4 μm2 and operate at wavelength 1550 nm. They achieve low response time (254 and 163 fs) and high contrast ratio (6.69 and 12.9 dB). Simplicity and compactness of the designs make them suitable for optical signal processors and photonic integrated circuits. Another advantage of these designs is that low input power is enough for the encoders’ operation, because there is no non-linear materials included. Our designs compete with the published works in the last few years especially in their footprint and response time.

Numerical study of temperature and pressure effect on one dimensional random photonic crystal used as biosensors in the detection of breast cancer cells

For the past few decades, investigations of cancer cells were made using periodic/defective-periodic photonic structures. Utilizing the unique properties of a disordered photonic crystal for detecting the bio-analytes is still missing. This work incorporates the opto-biological properties of one-dimensional random photonic systems to design the two differently randomized biosensors for sensing breast cancer cells. These random sensors are differentiated from one another based on their random arrangements and random thicknesses. To obtain efficient outcomes, the thickness of the dielectric layers and sensing layer is optimized. Through the transfer matrix method, the sensing characteristics of the biosensors are investigated for different pressures (0–6 GPa) and temperatures (−125 °C to 25 °C). At the optimal range, the proposed Biosensors I and II, show a high sensitivity of 1372.549 nm/RIU. Among both sensors, Random Biosensor I exhibits a high-quality factor of 12925, a maximum FOM of 4575.163 RIU−1, and a very low detection limit in the order of 5.82857E-06 RIU. The designed sensor is capable of sensing very minuscule changes in the bio-analytes effectually. The proposed biosensor shows high sensitivity than the previous literature even in the normal incident of light.

Manipulation of electromagnetic waves induced by pseudomagnetic fields in two dimensional photonic crystals

Many interesting phenomena, such as quantization of Landau levels and quantum Hall effect, can occur in an electronic system under a strong magnetic field. However, photons do not carry charge, and they do not have many properties induced by external magnetic fields, either. Recently, the pseudomagnetic field, an artificial synthetic gauge field, has attracted intense research interest in classical wave systems, in which the propagation of the wave can be manipulated like in a real magnetic field. The photonic crystal is an optical structure composed of periodic material distributions and provides a good platform for studying the control of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we construct a uniform pseudomagnetic field by introducing uniaxial linear gradient deformation of metallic rods in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The strong pseudomagnetic field leads to the quantization of photonic Landau levels in photonic crystal. The sublattice polarization of <i>n</i> = 0 Landau level is also demonstrated in our simulations. Unlike the real magnetic field, the pseudomagnetic fields of photonic crystal is opposite in two inequivalent energy valleys, and the time-reversal symmetry of the system is not broken. Our designed gradient photonic crystals support the transport of edge state in the gap between <i>n</i> = 0 and <i>n</i> = ±1 Landau levels. The edge state can propagate unidirectionally when it is excited by a chiral source. When a gaussian beam impinges on the photonic crystal, the propagating paths of two splitting beams can be controlled, which gives rise to the bend of two beams. Two photonic crystals with opposite pseudomagnetic fields are assembled together, and the interesting phenomenon of “snake-state” can be obtained. Our proposal opens the way for designing information processing devices by manipulating electromagnetic waves.

Surface plasmon-like properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal and its application in surface-enhanced fluorescence

The present work reports on the plasmon-like properties of one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) as active material for surface-enhanced fluorescence application. 1D PhC was prepared through layer-by-layer deposition of spin coated Poly (methyl methacrylate) and vacuum deposited As2S3. The thicknesses of the alternating layers were tailored with Bragg’s condition for a quarter wave stack. The optical properties of the 1D PhC were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The interaction of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) supported by the photonic crystals with the localized surface plasmon waves spreading on the surface of very thin metallic films deposited on top of the 1D PhC was investigated. The efficiency of the surface-enhanced fluorescence was studied by using a 0.1 % w/v Cu (II)-phthalocyanine (CuPc) in Pluronic PE 6800 water solution. Two times enhancement of fluorescence signal of CuPc was observed in the case of Au overlayer on the surface of the 1D PhC.

A combination of angle insensitive stopband/passband filters based on one-dimensional hyperbolic metamaterial quasiperiodic photonic crystals.

In the present work, we demonstrate the transmittance properties of one dimensional (1D) quasi-periodic photonic crystals that contain a superconductor material and a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). A HMM layer is engineered by the subwavelength undoped and doped Indium Arsenide (InAs) multilayers. Many resonance peaks with angle stability are obtained from the proposed Fibonacci sequence structure using the transfer matrix method (TMM). In this case, the Fibonacci sequence serves as the mainstay in the design of our structure. The permittivity of the utilized superconductor and the HMM are also analyzed, respectively. The numerical findings showed that the incident angle has no effect on the wavelength positions of the resonance peaks. The effects of many parameters such as the superconductor material thickness, Fibonacci sequence number, and sequence type are discussed for the proposed structure. At various operating temperatures and superconductor material types, the transmittance characteristics of the proposed structure were also examined. The designed structure can serve as a combination of pass/stop band filters for near-infrared (NIR) applications.

Transmission characteristics of DNA templated 1D photonic crystal system for 3D printing applications: Simulation

This paper discusses the novel features of DNA-templated one dimensional photonic crystals (1D PC) for additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing applications. AM applications utilize a variety of materials with tailored thermal, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, the integration of optical properties into AM materials is less explored. AM parts produced from the materials having specific optical properties opens up many opportunities to develop novel integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems and provide sustainable structural color to the produced parts. This work proposes micro level periodic structures which can be used to replace existing color dyes for durable, non-toxic, cost-effective 3D printing applications. Based on ink jet printing technology, we designed DNA templated one dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) of three-layer unit cell. The light transfer properties of the proposed 1D PC were examined theoretically in the range of 400 nm–800 nm of visible region of light using transfer matrix method (TMM). The photonic bandgap for DNA templated 1D PC is obtained around 450 nm and 650 nm of visible spectra region. The theoretical simulation shows that the presence of DNA template decreases the band gap width in the visible region and the three-layered periodic system helped to control the formation of multiple color bands in the visible region. The dispersion relation also confirmed that the electromagnetic fields in the stratified structure have been undergone multiple scattering and that results the formation of bandgap within the visible region. We also presented the standard deviation of the transmission coefficients in the range of 450 nm–650nm of visible spectra. Based on these observation and analysis, DNA templated PCs can be effective for tuning desired color spectra. Besides, this system can be used to replace the existing health hazardous synthetic dyes by incorporating with inkjet printing processes to create durable and colored 3D objects for aesthetic as well as technical purposes.

Mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal like block copolymers: synthesis and self-assembly to prepare 1D PC thin films

One dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) show great potential application in light control, sensors and functional displays. Self-assembly of block copolymer is a facile method to prepare 1D PCs in large area and easy processing. However, due to the low refractive index of polymer and the chain entanglement at very high molecular weight, it is difficult to prepare 1D PCs by self-assembly of linear block copolymers. In this work, mesogen-jacketed liquid crystals like block copolymers with two different lumbar connected benzene terephthalate derivatives and polynorbornene backbone are designed and synthesized. The big steric hindrance of the mesogenic benzene terephthalate derivatives extends the polymer backbone to be rigid, and the resultant block copolymers are rapidly self-assembled into lamellar structures with big domain spacing. The refractive indexes of the two blocks is differentiated by selecting the phenyl and decyl substitute group of benzene terephthalate derivatives. Hence, 1D PCs are prepared by self-assembly of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystals like block copolymers. The maximum reflectance is ranged from ultraviolet to near infrared by increasing the polymerization degree of the block copolymers from 400 to 1400 gradually. The lamellar structures are characterized by cross section scanning electron microscope and small angle X ray scattering. Mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal like block copolymer is favored in 1D PC preparation for its facile synthesis and flexible structure design.

(Invited) Broadband and Broad Angle Enhanced Light Absorption in MoS2 based Hetero Plasmonic Structure

Solar cells, photovoltaic devices and optoelectronic elements needs enhanced light absorption with a wide range of incident angle for better and efficient design. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have exceled in all areas including electrical applications, optical modulations, mechanical as well as chemical implementations due to their direct bandgap and high optical absorption nature[1]. Photon irradiation allows to generate electron-hole pairs in a direct bandgap material such as TMDCs which makes them potential candidates for large amount of light to be trapped. Different structures have been studied to achieve high optical absorption [2][3]. Although one dimensional photonic crystal(1DPC) and defective PC has good optical absorption with wide range and angle [4],[2] number of layers and complexity in structure has made it difficult to be fabricated. MoS2 monolayer structure based on cover spacer, plasmonic and dual substrate layer (SiO2(50nm)/Si ) has also increased optical absorption range and broad angle [5] but TMDC based heterostructures with spacer has improved absorption comparing to previous structures without metallic layer [6]. In this paper, we proposed a dual TMDC-spacer based plasmonic structure with dual substrate for wide and broad range and angle of near perfect optical absorption.The structure considered here is an air/MoS2/Spacer1/MoS2/Spacer2/plasmonic/dual substrate with 0.665nm, 70nm and 50nm layer of MoS2, Au as plasmonic layer and SiO2 as part of dual layer with Si as lossless substate. (Figure 1) For spacers SiO2 and TiO2 are taken with optimized value (figure 2) of 92 and 68nm for enhanced absorption. The transfer matrix of the constituted layer for either transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) polarization was determined using the transfer matrix method (TMM). Both in TE and TM mode, the ~30 and ~40% of enhanced light absorption are observed in proposed structure compared to hetero and mono layer structure (figure 3) with impact of metallic and spacer layer. In case of incident angle, both at resonance frequency of MoS2 and within visible range, broad angle range (00-400 for TE and 00-800 for TM) is observed with wider wavelength. (Figure 4 and figure 5). Impact of various metallic layer on the proposed structure is also observed (Figure 6). Structure with VO2 as plasmonic layer [7] has around ~95% of peak absorption (400nm-550nm) and wide incident angle (00-850) irrespective of polarizations with lieu of spacer hetero-TMDC-stack (Figure 7). Due to multiple layers of structures, collective surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) has an enhanced light absorption within the heterostructure and enhanced electric field distribution of the structure is observed (Figure 8).Table I lists some comparison among various structures and parameters indicates that proposed dual spacer -TMDC based plasmonic heterostructure has wide visible range of wavelength (400-550 nm) with broad angle (00-850) light absorption with both polarizations compare to other counterparts.In this work an enhanced range in both wavelength and incident angle of visible optical absorption is observed in both polarization with plasmonic dual heterostructure is observed and compared with other structures. Such structures are useful for photodetectors and solar cells for maximum absorptions.[1] Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, Radenovic A and Kis A 2013 Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS 2 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 497–501[2] Ansari N and Mohebbi E 2018 Broadband and high absorption in Fibonacci photonic crystal including MoS2 monolayer in the visible range J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 51 149–52[3] Ansari N and Ghorbani F 2018 Light absorption optimization in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35 1179[4] Ansari N and Mohebbi E 2016 Increasing optical absorption in one-dimensional photonic crystals including MoS2 monolayer for photovoltaics applications Opt. Mater. (Amst). 62 152–8[5] Ansari N, Mohebbi E and Gholami F 2020 Nearly perfect and broadband optical absorption by TMDCs in cover/TMDC/spacer/Au/substrate multilayers Appl. Phys. B Lasers Opt. 126 1–6[6] Ansari N, Goudarzi B and Mohebbi E 2021 Design of narrowband or broadband absorber by heterostructures including TMDCs and spacers Opt. Laser Technol. 138 106771[7] Das H R and Arya S C 2021 Performance improvement of VO2 and ITO based plasmonic electro-absorption modulators at 1550 nm application wavelength Opt. Commun. 479 Figure 1

Enhanced Temperature Sensing Based on the Randomness in the Multilayered 1D Photonic Crystals

A high sensitive temperature sensor is proposed based on the random properties of the one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC). The structure is designed with two layers consisting of silicon (Si) and silica (SiO2) materials. The transmission spectra of the photonic crystals are studied at different temperatures from 25°C to 100°C. Thermal characteristics of the proposed random structures are examined with the effect of thermal expansion and thermo-optic effect. As the temperature increases the transmission peak shifts towards the longer wavelength due to the thermal parameters of the dielectrics used. It is found that the temperature-sensitive transmission peak shift is significantly improved due to the insertion of the third material that constitutes the ternary photonic structure (Si/SiO2/TiO2)N. For the above multilayer structures, based on the dependence of the layer thickness and the number of materials used, the numerical results show a sensitivity of 0.052nm/°C. When the third dielectric material (TiO2) is replaced by the polymer material (PS), the wavelength of the transmittance peak shift can be enhanced to 0.087nm/°C. These properties are useful for the fabrication of handy temperature sensors.