Dimensions Of Trust Research Articles

The importance of trust in education decentralisation in West Africa

ABSTRACT Educational governance is the focus of much discussion among both academics and development practitioners internationally. Decentralisation is seen as a core tool for promoting democracy, good governance and economic development. However, although education decentralisation and trust are interrelated dimensions of governance and democracy, they are seldom considered together and rarely contextualised within educational governance and policy studies. The qualitative study described here used interview data from stakeholders to investigate the relationship between the social dimension of trust and the structural concept of decentralisation in Benin (West Africa). The findings suggest that trust in local government officials is a precondition for the effective devolution of education responsibilities. However, parents and teachers remain sceptical about devolution, partly as a consequence of Benin’s pre-colonial and colonial history. The paper outlines the implications for governance systems seeking to link decentralisation to trust in order to both mediate and enact policy choices and decisions.

STANDARDISASI INSTRUMEN INTEGRITAS AKADEMIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS DAN RASCH MODEL

This research was survey research with a quantitative approach that aimed to standardized the academic integrity instruments through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Rasch Model approaches. The population in this study were all students in universities in Indonesia. The sample used in the study was 452 students (230 students on the first stage and 222 students on the second stage) who were selected using cluster random sampling techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using Gregory analysis (two experts) to obtain the content validity coefficient, factor analysis using the CFA approach, and the Rasch Model. The results showed that the content validity coefficient of the academic integrity instrument was 0,822 (45 items). The results of the CFA analysis according to the first stage trial showed the value of Construct Reliability (CR) and Variance Extracted (VE) for the measurement model was 0,811 and 0,125, while the value of CR and VE for the structural model ​​was 0,940 and 0,763 (six items dropped). The Rasch Model analysis showed one infit item. The results of the CFA analysis according to the second stage trial showed the value of CR and VE for the measurement model was 0,879 and 0,247, while the value of CR and VE for the structural model was 0,950 and 0,918 (one item dropped). The Rasch Model analysis showed all the remaining items in the fit category. The standardized academic integrity instrument consists of 37 statements with dimensions of honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility.

Patient Trust in Primary Care Physicians: A Mixed Methods Study of Persons with Diabetes at University- Based Clinics in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

The establishment of patient trust in physicians is becoming increasingly valuable. Trust can be fundamental to successful patient care, favorable patient outcomes and improved financial savings for healthcare organizations. This study aims to explore patients' perceptions of trust in physicians, determine factors that play a role in this relationship, and to identify ways to improve patient trust. The study was conducted via a mixed-method design using semi-structured in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached (n=24), followed by a cross sectional survey of consecutive sampling until the number of participants (n=256) exceeded the required sample size. Adult patients with diabetes, aged 18-65, attending internal medicine (IM) or family medicine (FM) clinics of King Fahd Hospital of the University, Saudi Arabia were included in the interviews and surveys. Patients' interview transcripts were analyzed into trust dimensions resulting in a 51-item scale. Quality function deployment (QFD) was used to define the highest priority patient requirements. Overall satisfaction was calculated as a satisfaction percent, and factors related to satisfaction were tested using independent samples t-test and ANOVA. Significant domains for establishing patient trust in physicians were the perceived physician's competency level, comprehensiveness of care, morals, personal traits, and establishing continuity of care. The trust score ranged from 42.0% to 100% with an average of 90.4%. There was no difference between the FM and IM setting, nor between the sociodemographic factors and the patients' satisfaction level. No statistically significant results were found between diabetes type, years of diagnoses, achieving the target HbA1c with patients' satisfaction level and trust. Patients reporting hypo or hyperglycemic symptoms had lower levels of satisfaction than those who did not. Persons with diabetes were more trustful of primary care physicians if they displayed satisfactory communication skills, experience, and a caring attitude.

THE INFLUENCE OF TEAM COHESION AND TRUST ON TEAM EFFECTIVENESS IN PREVENTING TUBERCULOSIS

Background: The transmission of tuberculosis (TB) is hard to stop. Surabaya city has the highest TB cases in East Java and only achieved <90% of the target in 2017-2018. The formation of preventing TB team in every primary health care (PHC) is expected to work effectively in preventing TB cases in society. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the impact of cohesion and trust within a team on team effectiveness in preventing TB cases in Surabaya. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in 43 primary healthcare centers (PHC), and it involved 319 respondents selected by proportional stratified random sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires and tested descriptively and through multivariable linear regression to confirm the most significant models of independent variables and dependent variables. Results: The result showed that task cohesion of the cohesion variable (RR= 0.374; p= 0.014) and cooperative behaviors of the trust variable (RR= 0.558; p= 0.000) had a significant influence on team effectiveness. The others dimension of team cohesion and trust had no significant impact on team effectiveness Conclusion: Team effectiveness is dependent on team cohesion and trust that the teamwork process component. The Surabaya City Health Office needs to collaborate with the PHC management to evaluate the teamwork of the preventing TB team through in-depth interviews or other methods to get the problem in the team.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF CUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

Maintaining an adequate level of services becomes a particularly difficult challenge in the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, which greatly complicates the organization and implementation of tasks assigned to public entities. Therefore, it was deemed important to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, considered in the context of global risk, on the quality of customer service in the local government units. In the theoretical part, the investigations presented in this study contain a discussion of public service provision by local government units. The publication includes a study of the concepts of quality and satisfaction. The article also draws attention to the aspect of risk as an indispensable element of business entities in relation to the global risk caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus. The empirical part presents the results of surveys conducted using the Servqual method and the Kruskal-Wallis test. In conclusion, providing high-quality services is a challenge for many local government units. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the dimensions of reliability and trust that make up the quality of customer service in local government units. This is evidenced by the results which show the deterioration of the quality of customer service during the pandemic. The current situation exacerbates the negative trend resulting from the gap between the perception of the services provided and the actual requirements of the respondents.

Dimensions of Trust: A Review of Trust in Government

This article explains different dimensions of trust relevant to trust in government and, therefore, suggests a brief model for practical application. The study pursues content analysis method for theoretical treatment of knowledge produced from studying secondary sources of literature. Imitating the context, the concept of trust is clarified first, and then dimensions of trust are arranged under two broad heads: institutional trust and social trust. And then follow the analyses and the subdivisions thoroughly. A compendious model is suggested with possible solutions for public trust in government. Explanations claim that aggregation of institutional trust, that is, political, administrative and social trust, might build an array of trustworthy governance, though adequate pertinent literature are not easily available. This paper recommends that trust in government model may be tested for further empirical study.

A cascaded federated deep learning based framework for detecting wormhole attacks in IoT networks

The growth of the internet over the years has resulted in massive use and spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) in many areas. From home networks to industrial IoT, from medicine to transportation, IoT is everywhere. This massive usage has come with a price as attackers make use of sophisticated techniques and malware to target these heterogeneous IoT networks. Moreover, the low processing power and minimal resources of the IoT devices make security and privacy a major challenge. This weakness has motivated attackers to target IoT networks in a wide variety of ways by launching different types of attacks. One such kind of attack is the Wormhole attack which belongs to the family of routing attacks and disturbs the normal routing and flow of network packets in the IoT network. Many techniques involving rule-based, trust-based, machine learning-driven and deep learning assisted have been devised to counter wormhole attacks. The proposed research work presents a cascaded wormhole detection technique for IoT networks which is based on the federated deep learning technique and a Dynamic Trust Factor (DTF). The DTF is based on two trust attributes, whereas Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning models have been trained using the federated approach, which guarantees data security and privacy at the node level. The proposed technique achieves the accuracy of 96% and is lightweight due to the cascaded and federated learning approach.

Green production information transparency and online purchase behavior: Evidence from green agricultural products in China

The “lemon effect,” which is the result of information asymmetry and barriers to trust, poses serious challenges to the sustainable development of green agricultural products. Therefore, enhancing consumers’ trust is critical to maintain sustainable purchasing behavior. Information transparency has been widely attention as a marketing tool, and previous research related to agricultural products has focused on the visible information. Based on signaling theory, this study takes an invisible information perspective and empirically investigates how production information transparency of green agricultural products affects consumer trust and online purchasing behavior. The results of structural equation modeling analysis show that production technology information transparency and production means information transparency have different effects on the dimensions of consumer trust (in competence and benevolence). Moreover, trust in competence has a significant positive impact on trust in benevolence; they both have significant impacts on consumers’ online green purchase behavior. The results of this study contribute to signaling theory and the product transparency literature, and offer significant implications to practitioners of the green agricultural sectors.

Testing a theoretical model of trust in human-machine communication: emotional experience and social presence

ABSTRACT A theoretical model of trust in human-machine communication (HMC) was tested and emotional experience and social presence were evaluated during an interaction with an intelligent virtual agent (IVA), Siri. A two (‘American female’ or ‘American male’ Siri) by two (functional or social task) experiment was conducted with 229 subjects with random assignments. According to multivariate analyses of covariances, participants reported higher levels of emotional significance when they interacted with Siri to inquire about functional tasks. No gender or interaction effects between gender and task were detected. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling indicated that both social presence and emotional experience were directly and positively associated with five dimensions of trust (i.e. perceived reliability, technical competence, perceived understandability, faith, and personal attachment) in Siri. This direct effect model was significant after controlling for the effects of task type. Additionally, a test of the mediation model indicated full mediation between emotional experiences and trust by social presence.

Human-Likeness of Feedback Gestures Affects Decision Processes and Subjective Trust

Trust is fundamental in building meaningful social interactions. With the advance of social robotics in collaborative settings, trust in Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) is gaining more and more scientific attention. Indeed, understanding how different factors may affect users’ trust toward robots is of utmost importance. In this study, we focused on two factors related to the robot’s behavior that could modulate trust. In a two-forced choice task where a virtual robot reacted to participants’ performance, we manipulated the human-likeness of the robot’s motion and the valence of the feedback it provided. To measure participant’s subjective level of trust, we used subjective ratings throughout the task as well as a post-task questionnaire, which distinguishes capacity and moral dimensions of trust. We expected the presence of feedback to improve trust toward the robot and human-likeness to strengthen this effect. Interestingly, we observed that humans equally trust the robot in most conditions but distrust it when it shows no social feedback nor human-like behavior. In addition, we only observed a positive correlation between subjective trust ratings and the moral and capacity dimensions of trust when robot was providing feedback during the task. These findings suggest that the presence and human-likeness of feedback behaviors positively modulate trust in HRI and thereby provide important insights for the development of non-verbal communicative behaviors in social robots.

The Experience of Health Professionals With Misinformation and Its Impact on Their Job Practice: Qualitative Interview Study.

Misinformation is often disseminated through social media, where information is spread rapidly and easily. Misinformation affects many patients' decisions to follow a treatment prescribed by health professionals (HPs). For example, chronic patients (eg, those with diabetes) may not follow their prescribed treatment plans. During the recent pandemic, misinformed people rejected COVID-19 vaccines and public health measures, such as masking and physical distancing, and used unproven treatments. This study investigated the impact of health-threatening misinformation on the practices of health care professionals in the United Kingdom, especially during the outbreaks of diseases where a great amount of health-threatening misinformation is produced and released. The study examined the misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak to determine how it may have impacted practitioners' perceptions of misinformation and how that may have influenced their practice. In particular, this study explored the answers to the following questions: How do HPs react when they learn that a patient has been misinformed? What misinformation do they believe has the greatest impact on medical practice? What aspects of change and intervention in HPs' practice are in response to misinformation? This research followed a qualitative approach to collect rich data from a smaller subset of health care practitioners working in the United Kingdom. Data were collected through 1-to-1 online interviews with 13 health practitioners, including junior and senior physicians and nurses in the United Kingdom. Research findings indicated that HPs view misinformation in different ways according to the scenario in which it occurs. Some HPs consider it to be an acute incident exacerbated by the pandemic, while others see it as an ongoing phenomenon (always present) and address it as part of their daily work. HPs are developing pathways for dealing with misinformation. Two main pathways were identified: first, to educate the patient through coaching, advising, or patronizing and, second, to devote resources, such as time and effort, to facilitate 2-way communication between the patient and the health care provider through listening and talking to them. HPs do not receive the confidence they deserve from patients. The lack of trust in health care practitioners has been attributed to several factors, including (1) trusting alternative sources of information (eg, social media) (2) patients' doubts about HPs' experience (eg, a junior doctor with limited experience), and (3) limited time and availability for patients, especially during the pandemic. There are 2 dimensions of trust: patient-HP trust and patient-information trust. There are 2 necessary actions to address the issue of lack of trust in these dimensions: (1) building trust and (2) maintaining trust. The main recommendations of the HPs are to listen to patients, give them more time, and seek evidence-based resources.

Trust and emotional difficulties in adolescence: findings from a Swedish cohort study

Abstract Background Trust is a key component of a socially sustainable society, and is typically divided into general trust (referring to trust in other people) and institutional trust (referring to trust in the public institutions of society). Trust tends to be developed and formed early in life. While a plethora of research has reported positive links between trust and health in adults, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between general and institutional trust and emotional difficulties in mid and late adolescence. Methods Data were derived from the Swedish cohort study Futura01, using information collected amongst 3622 grade 9 students (∼15-16 years, t1) who were followed-up two years later (∼17-18 years, t2). General and institutional trust was measured by indices based on five items each at both t1 and at t2 (range 1-4). Emotional difficulties were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscale at both t1 and at t2 (range 0-10). Control variables included family type and cash margin at t1 and upper secondary school program (academic vs. vocational) at t2. Linear regressions were performed using the first difference (FD) approach, analysing the change in emotional difficulties (t2-t1) regressed on the change in general and in institutional trust (t2-t1), respectively. Results Analyses simultaneously adjusting for change in both dimensions of trust showed inverse associations between the change in general trust and the change in emotional difficulties (b=-0.21, 95% CI -0.39, -0.04) and between the change in institutional trust and the change in emotional difficulties (b=-0.22, 95% CI -0.35, -0.09). Conclusions Increases in general and in institutional trust between ages 15-16 and 17-18 years were associated with a corresponding decrease in emotional difficulties. The findings suggest that trust is a social determinant of emotional difficulties in adolescents. Endeavours to enhance trust in this age group are relevant. Key messages • Changes in trust were inversely associated with changes in emotional difficulties in adolescents. • The findings indicate that efforts to reinforce trust in adolescents are relevant.

Trusting autonomous vehicles as moral agents improves related policy support.

Compared to human-operated vehicles, autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer numerous potential benefits. However, public acceptance of AVs remains low. Using 4 studies, including 1 preregistered experiment (total N = 3,937), the present research examines the role of trust in AV adoption decisions. Using the Trust-Confidence-Cooperation model as a conceptual framework, we evaluate whether perceived integrity of technology-a previously underexplored dimension of trust that refers to perceptions of the moral agency of a given technology-influences AV policy support and adoption intent. We find that perceived technology integrity predicts adoption intent for AVs and that messages that increase perceived integrity of AV technology result in greater AV adoption intent and policy support. This knowledge can be used to guide communication efforts aimed at increasing public trust in AVs, and ultimately enhance integration of AVs into transport systems.

The Relationship between Environmental Awareness, Habitat Quality, and Community Residents' Pro-Environmental Behavior-Mediated Effects Model Analysis Based on Social Capital.

Pro-environmental behavior can promote the optimization of the living environment and sustainable social development. This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of “environmental consciousness, habitat environment-social capital- pro-environmental behavior”. By using structural equation modeling and 1005 instances of microscopic research data, we analyzed the influence of environmental awareness and habitat environment on the pro-environmental behavior of community residents. The results of the analysis were combined with the Bootstrap method to verify the mediating role of social capital dimensions in the influence of environmental awareness and habitat quality on the pro-environmental behavior of community residents. The results show that: Firstly, environmental awareness, habitat quality, and social capital have positive effects on the pro-environmental behavior of community residents. Secondly, environmental awareness and habitat quality have positive effects on the five dimensions of social capital. Thirdly, among the five dimensions of social capital, four dimensions of social trust, social norms, sense of community belonging, and community voluntarism play a partially mediating role between environmental awareness, habitat quality, and pro-environmental behavior. This paper enriches the research on the influence of environmental awareness and habitat environment on pro-environmental behavior, reveals the mediating effect of each dimension of social capital, and broadens the horizon for the study of pro-environmental behavior. The results of the study can provide a reference for decision making to promote the implementation of pro-environmental behavior among community residents.

A framework for assessing trust in e-government services under uncertain environment

PurposeIn this study, a novel framework was proposed to assess the trust in e-government (e-Gov) services under an uncertain environment. The proposed framework was applied in Iranian municipality websites of e-Gov services to evaluate the readiness score of trust in e-Gov services.Design/methodology/approachA unique hybrid research methodology was proposed. In the first phase, a comprehensive set of indices were determined from an extensive literature review and finalized by employing the fuzzy Delphi method. In the second phase, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) -was utilized to model the problem's uncertainty with analytic called IVIFS- hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the importance of indices and indicators by assigning the weights. In the third phase, the fuzzy evaluation method (FEM) is followed for assessing the readiness score of indices in case studies.FindingsThe findings indicated that “Trust in government” is the most significant index affecting citizen's trust in e-Gov services while “Maintenance and support” has the least impact on user's intention to use e–Gov services.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes by introducing a unique research methodology that integrates three phases, including fuzzy Delphi, IVIFS AHP and fuzzy evaluation method. Moreover, the fuzzy sets theory helps to reach a more accurate result by modeling the inherent ambiguity of indicators and indices. Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy models the ambiguity of experts' judgments in an interval.Practical implicationsThe study helps policy makers to monitor wider aspects of trust in e-Gov services as well as understanding their importance. The study enables policy makers to apply the framework to any potential case studies to evaluate the readiness score of indices and recognizing strengths and weakness of trust dimensions as well as recommending advice for improving the situation.Originality/valueThe study is one of the few to indicate significant indices of trust in e-Gov services in developing countries. The study shows the importance of indicators and indices by assigning a weight. Additionally, the framework can assess the readiness score of various case studies.

Organisational Trust and Tacit Knowledge Transfer

This research has investigated the effect of the dimensions of organisational trust (OT) on the tacit knowledge transfer (TKT) by the willingness to share (W2S) and the willingness to use (W2U) the tacit knowledge (TK) of public library employees. In terms of nature, the present study is an applied research that, using a descriptive-correlation method. The study sample includes 140 employees of public libraries in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, the OT questionnaire Nguyen (2005) and the tacit knowledge sharing (KS) questionnaire Saparito(2000) were used. As well as descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression test were used to analyse the data. There is a positive and significant relationship between calculus-based trust(CBT) and employees’ willingness to TKT. There is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge-based trust (KBT) and employees’ W2S and apply TKT. There is a positive and significant correlation between identity-based trust (IBT) and employees’ W2S and apply TK. The relationship between IBT and the desire to KS is stronger than the relationship between CBT and KBT. Therefore, IBT has a stronger effect than KBT and CBT on the tendency to KS. Employees in the IBT stage are more inclined to share and use TK than employees in the CBT and KBT stage. The TKT is an interactive process formed by the trust between the parties. The results of the current study show that OT has a positive and significant effect on the TKT of public library staff.

Urgensi Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Pengembangan Kebijakan e-Government di Indonesia

The aim of this article is to identify Urgency of the Law of Privacy Data Protection in Developing E-Government Policy in Indonesia. This Research is focused on the important effect of Privacy Data Protection policy in e-Government development. This problem analized with the theory corcening of e-Government, trust dimension of e-Government, and Privacy Data Protection. The data collected based on desk study and will be analyzed by Qualitative methods. This Article conclude that there is an urgency of the law of privacy data protection to increase the public trust and participation to e-Government system. The Law and Regulation that already applied is not enough to guarantee the privacy data protection and only become the preventive tools because this law and regulation has not been able to give penal sanction to the suspect of illegally used of privacy data protection and the parties that neglect to protect privacy data protection. Therefore, Central Government need to enacted Law of Privacy Data Protection immidiatelly to guarantee data privacy protection in the implementation of e-Government.

Trust and perceived risk: How different manifestations affect the adoption of autonomous vehicles

• Potential users’ perceived risk and trust in AVs, as two of the most influential factors of adopting AVs are examined from a new perspective. • Three dimensions of trust and two dimensions of perceived risk are identified and incorporated into one model. • Performance trust has a direct effect on intention to use AVs, while trust in manufacturers has an indirect effect with the mediation of privacy risk. • Trust in institutions regulating AV use has no effect on intention to use AVs. • Future communication of AVs should build not only trust in the performance of the vehicles but the credibility of AV manufacturers. Although manufacturers and experts consider autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a much safer alternative than traditional human-driven vehicles, the lack of trust and high perceived risk by potential users can be a major obstacle to their acceptance. While both risk and trust have been the focus of interest for AV researchers, studies have often produced contradictory results. This study offers a new perspective to investigate the effect of trust and perceived risk to resolve these ambiguities. We identified three underlying dimensions of trust supplemented by two dimensions of risk and incorporated them into one model. The proposed model offers direct and indirect paths between trust dimensions and AV acceptance with the mediation of the dimensions of perceived risk. Based on a survey of 949 adult respondents, the model was tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that only performance trust affected directly intention to use AVs, while trust in manufacturers influenced intention to use with the mediation of privacy risk. An important result is that trust in institutions that can influence future rules and regulations for the use of AVs has no impact either directly or indirectly on intention to use. The practical implications can assist regulators and manufacturers to increase their efforts to build trust and confidence, thus enhancing the adoption of this technology.

신뢰의 진화와 팀활성화

The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics between the accumulation of interpersonal trust and its effectiveness in a team situation, and a longitudinal study was conducted on self-managed project teams. It has been about 25 years since the concept of the evolution of trust has been proposed, but there are few studies empirically analyzing it. This study examined how calculative trust and knowledge-based trust change over time in the project team, and verified how initial trust and changes in trust over time affect team effectiveness. Team satisfaction, interpersonal citizenship behavior and learning were selected as team effectiveness variables. Since a newly established team is needed to verify the evolution of trust, an experimental study was conducted through project teams performing at two university classes of the same course. This is to control the conditions of the project team as much as possible. The team members of the study conducted three projects jointly during one semester, and at the end of each project, changes in trust and team effectiveness variables were measured. As results of the analyses, it was found that there were significant changes in both calculative trust and knowledge-based trust, and it was confirmed that the initial trust and subsequent changes in both trust dimensions had differential effects on team satisfaction, interpersonal citizenship behavior, and learning. In addition, autoregressive cross-lagged model test was conducted to examine the causal relationship of the study variables in detail. Based on the results of the study, academic and practical implications are summarized.

The Positive Role of Attitude Toward of Vendor in Mediating the Relationship Between Vendor Cognition and Advertise Cognition on Vendor Usage Intention

This article aims to explain the influence of vendor cognition and advertise cognition on vendor usage intention mediated by positive attitude towards of vendor. The literature review was conducted to identify the variables that build the conceptual model. The expected findings are that there is a positive relationship between vendor perception and positive attitude towards vendor usage intentions and a positive relationship between advertise cognitive and positive attitude towards vendor usage intentions. This study also explains the dimensions of familiarity, credibility, and trust that produce vendor cognition. Furthermore, this study also explains the dimensions of entertain, creativity, and informative that produces advertise cognition. This study provides an alternative conceptual model in the field of consumer behavioral. Researchers hope this research can provide an understanding to wedding marketers to design effective marketing strategies to influence potential consumers. This paper is also expected to contribute theoretically, practically and possibly can be used for future studies.