Dim Light Research Articles

Autonomous Light Intensity Adaptation in an Energy‐Efficient Retinomorphic Organic Ferroelectric Neuristor

Autonomous Light Intensity Adaptation in an Energy‐Efficient Retinomorphic Organic Ferroelectric Neuristor

Unraveling biological responses to oceanographic equipment: Insights from forward-facing active acoustics and low-light imagery using small boats

Over six decades, extensive research has delved into the intricate interactions between marine animals and oceanographic sampling equipment, recognizing the impactful influence of light and sound emissions on mobile fauna behavior during surveys. This study, conducted through three mid-water experiments in the Solomon Islands (2019) and Bermuda (2021 and 2023), utilizing small boats, aims to unravel the effects of light on the distribution of biological scattering layers. Employing broadband active acoustics, dimmable lights, and low-light imaging on an observation-class ROV and a custom-made instrument frame, the experiments dynamically adjusted light intensity to track changes in volume backscattering strength. Amidst challenges encountered along the way, the study notably succeeded in observing avoidance behaviors from mesopelagic animals in response to the presence of our equipment. This study provides valuable insight for fisheries acoustics and echosounder applications, particularly in coral reef environments where small boats play a crucial role. This paper reviews the system setup, data processing, and presents fused backscatter data over depth, concluding with lessons learned, recommendations, and future study goals, contributing to the broader understanding of marine animal interactions with sampling equipment.

Capabilities Comparison Of The Augmented Reality Application Development Frameworks On The Android Platform

In the implementation of augmented reality, the natural process of human-computer interaction continues to be a challenge, specifically to reduce the complexity in the effort of using and providing comfortability. Therefore, it is necessary to search for methods and tools to simplify the complex process of building Augmented Reality applications. Vuforia is a multi-platform that has long been used as an Augmented Reality application development framework. Android and iOS platform frameworks are the new alternatives following the development of cellular technology. Furthermore, a comparative capability was conducted between Vuforia and ARCore on the Android platform. The general performance and the ability to understand the environment include working in horizontal and vertical planes, the ability to work based on lighting conditions, and the distance of the camera during the tests. The results showed that ARCore is superior to Vuforia in almost all testing metrics. However, in overexposed or too dim lighting and at very close surfaces, Vuforia is slightly superior but not essential. Therefore, it can be concluded that ARCore's capability is better than Vuforia.

Dark Light Image-Enhancement Method Based on Multiple Self-Encoding Prior Collaborative Constraints

The purpose of dark image enhancement is to restore dark images to visual images under normal lighting conditions. Due to the ill-posedness of the enhancement process, previous enhancement algorithms often have overexposure, underexposure, noise increases and artifacts when dealing with complex and changeable images, and the robustness is poor. This article proposes a new enhancement approach consisting in constructing a dim light enhancement network with more robustness and rich detail features through the collaborative constraint of multiple self-coding priors (CCMP). Specifically, our model consists of two prior modules and an enhancement module. The former learns the feature distribution of the dark light image under normal exposure as an a priori term of the enhancement process through multiple specific autoencoders, implicitly measures the enhancement quality and drives the network to approach the truth value. The latter fits the curve mapping of the enhancement process as a fidelity term to restore global illumination and local details. Through experiments, we concluded that the new method proposed in this article can achieve more excellent quantitative and qualitative results, improve detail contrast, reduce artifacts and noise, and is suitable for dark light enhancement in multiple scenes.

Polarisation vision in the dark: green-sensitive photoreceptors in the nocturnal ball-rolling dung beetle Escarabaeus satyrus.

Many insects utilise the polarisation pattern of the sky to adjust their travelling directions. The extraction of directional information from this sky-wide cue is mediated by specialised photoreceptors located in the dorsal rim area (DRA). While this part of the eye is known to be sensitive to the ultraviolet, blue or green component of skylight, the latter has only been observed in insects active in dim light. To address the functional significance of green polarisation sensitivity, we define the spectral and morphological adaptations of the DRA in a nocturnal ball-rolling dung beetle-the only family of insects demonstrated to orient to the dim polarisation pattern in the night sky. Intracellular recordings revealed polarisation-sensitive green photoreceptors in the DRA of Escarabaeus satyrus. Behavioural experiments verified the navigational relevance of this finding. To quantify the adaptive value of green sensitivity for celestial orientation at night, we also obtained the polarisation properties of the night sky in the natural habitat of the beetle. Calculations of relative photon catch revealed that under a moonlit sky the green-sensitive DRA photoreceptors can be expected to catch an order of magnitude more photons compared with the UV-sensitive photoreceptors in the main retina. The green-sensitive photoreceptors - which also show a range of morphological adaptations for enhanced sensitivity - provide E. satyrus with a highly sensitive system for the extraction of directional information from the night sky.

Effects of dim light at night in C57BL/6 J mice on recovery after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause long-lasting locomotor deficits, pain, and mood disorders. Anatomical and functional outcomes are exacerbated by inflammation after SCI, which causes secondary damage. One promising target after SCI is manipulating the circadian system, which optimizes biology and behavior for time of day – including neuroimmune responses and mood-related behaviors. Circadian disruption after SCI is likely worsened by a disruptive hospital environment, which typically includes dim light-at-night (dLAN). Here, we hypothesized that mice subjected to SCI, then placed in dLAN, would exhibit worsened locomotor deficits, pain-like behavior, and anxiety-depressive-like symptoms compared to mice maintained in light days with dark nights (LD). C57BL/6 J mice received sham surgery or moderate T9 contusion SCI, then were placed permanently in LD or dLAN. dLAN after SCI did not worsen locomotor deficits; rather, SCI-dLAN mice showed slight improvement in open-field locomotion at the final timepoint. Although dLAN did not alter SCI-induced heat hyperalgesia, SCI-dLAN mice exhibited an increase in mechanical allodynia at 13 days post-SCI compared to SCI-LD mice. SCI-LD and SCI-dLAN mice had similar outcomes using sucrose preference (depressive-like) and open-field (anxiety-like) tests. At 21 dpo, SCI-dLAN mice had reduced preference for a novel juvenile compared to SCI-LD, implying that dLAN combined with SCI may worsen this mood-related behavior. Finally, lesion size was similar between SCI-LD and SCI-dLAN mice. Therefore, newly placing C57BL/6 J mice in dLAN after SCI had modest effects on locomotor, pain-like, and mood-related behaviors. Future studies should consider whether clinically-relevant circadian disruptors, alone or in combination, could be ameliorated to enhance outcomes after SCI.

Pixel-correlated computing for detecting and tracking targets in dim lighting

Pixel-correlated computing for detecting and tracking targets in dim lighting

Wild mice in an urbanized world: Effects of light at night under natural and laboratory conditions in the single-striped grass mouse (Lemniscomys rosalia)

ABSTRACT Urbanization, and the accompanying artificial light at night (ALAN), can disrupt the activity of animals. Such disruptions at the base of a food web can ripple through the ecosystem. Most studies of ALAN are performed in the laboratory. Thus, we lack basic information about the circadian responses of animals under natural environmental conditions to fully evaluate the impact of ALAN. We studied the behaviour and activity of wild-caught, peri-urban single-striped grass mice (Lemniscomys rosalia) under a natural treatment and in a standard laboratory treatment, including dim light at night to mimic conditions that they could experience. The species exhibited predominantly crepuscular activity under all experimental treatments. It showed the highest level of activity under the natural treatment, whereas ALAN significantly suppressed its activity. Males were more active than females under all experimental treatments. The marked changes in activity under ALAN is of particular concern since global change in combination with urbanization can lead to a change in vegetation density and composition that will decrease the number of suitable microhabitats and expose small mammals to novel habitat changes. We suggest that the single-striped mice could become vulnerable because of urbanization, leading to impacts on its ecosystem broadly.

LOW VISION IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA: HOW TO ENHANCE FUNCTIONAL VISION IN PSEUDOPHAKIC PATIENT

Introduction : Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) could lead to various visual impairments, including decreased visual acuity, poor dark adaptation, decreased contrast sensitivity, poor color vision, visual field constriction, leading to low vision (LV). LV in RP decreases patient’s quality of life (QoL) and Independence. We aim to report a successful case of LV management in a bilateral pseudophakic patient with RP.
 Case Illustration : A 33-year-old man came with progressively blurred vision in both eyes (BE) that worsen 6 months ago. Ophthalmologic examination revealed his uncorrected visual acuity for right eye (RE) and left Eye (LE) was 6/60 and 4/60. The patient had cataract surgeries and IOLs implantation on BE in 2021. Funduscopic examination revealed the bone spicule appearance, blood vessel attenuation, and waxy disc pallor on BE. Humphrey's examination showed a peripheral visual field defect. Decreased contrast sensitivity and poor color vision were also found.
 Discussion : The patient was managed by LV aids and rehabilitation. Spectacle clarified distant and near vision with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 6/21 and 0.8 M on BE, photochromic lenses aided in adapting to various lighting levels and as a UV protection, and the addition of illumination and color contrast enhancement improved vision in dim light. A convex mirror to be used as a field- enhancement spotting tool. Rehabilitation enhances his head tracking, scanning, and habitual spotting skills. Improvement of QoL has been recorded using LVQoL questionnaires.
 Conclusion : LV management are vary based on an individual’s level of functional vision and personal preferences. Optimal LV management could enhance patient QoL and Independence.

Efficacy of biologically-directed daylight therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial

New non-pharmacological treatments for improving non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) are urgently needed. Previous light therapies for modifying sleep behaviour lacked standardised protocols and were not personalised for an individual patient chronotype. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a biologically-directed light therapy in PD that targets retinal inputs to the circadian system on sleep, as well as other non-motor and motor functions. In this randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled trial at the Queensland University of Technology, Australia, participants with mild to moderate PD were computer randomised (1:1) to receive one of two light therapies that had the same photometric luminance and visual appearance to allow blinding of investigators and participants to the intervention. One of these biologically-directed lights matched natural daylight (Day Mel), which is known to stimulate melanopsin cells. The light therapy of the other treatment arm of the study, specifically supplemented the stimulation of retinal melanopsin cells (Enhanced Mel), targeting deficits to the circadian system. Both lights were administered 30min per day over 4-weeks and personalised to an individual patient's chronotype, while monitoring environmental light exposure with actigraphy. Co-primary endpoints were a change from baseline in mean sleep macrostructure (polysomnography, PSG) and an endocrine biomarker of circadian phase (dim light melatonin secretion onset, DLMO) at weeks 4 and 6. Participants data were analysed using an intention to treat principle. All endpoints were evaluated by applying a mixed model analysis. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12621000077864. Between February 4, 2021 and August 8, 2022, 144 participants with PD were consecutively screened, 60 enrolled and randomly assigned to a light intervention. There was no significant difference in co-primary outcomes between randomised groups overall or at any individual timepoint during follow-up. The mean (95% CI) for PSG, N3% was 24.15 (19.82-28.48) for Day Mel (n=23) and 19.34 (15.20-23.47) for the Enhanced Mel group (n=25) in week 4 (p=0.12); and 21.13 (16.99-25.28) for Day Mel (n=26) and 18.48 (14.34-22.62) for the Enhanced Mel group (n=25) in week 6, (p=0.37). The mean (95% CI) DLMO (decimal time) was 19.82 (19.20-20.44) for Day Mel (n=22) and 19.44 (18.85-20.04) for the Enhanced Mel group (n=24) in week 4 (p=0.38); and 19.90 (19.27-20.53) for Day Mel (n=23) and 19.04 (18.44-19.64) for the Enhanced Mel group (n=25) in week 6 (p=0.05). However, both the controlled daylight (Day Mel) and the enhanced melanopsin (Enhanced Mel) interventions demonstrated significant improvement in primary PSG sleep macrostructure. The restorative deep sleep phase (PSG, N3) significantly improved at week 6 in both groups [model-based mean difference to baseline (95% CI):-3.87 (-6.91 to-0.83), p=0.04]. There was a phase-advance in DLMO in both groups which did not reach statistical significance between groups at any time-point. There were no safety concerns or severe adverse events related to the intervention. Both the controlled daylight and melanopsin booster light showed efficacy in improving measures of restorative deep sleep in people with mild to moderate PD. That there was no significant difference between the two intervention groups may be due to the early disease stage. The findings suggest that controlled indoor daylight that is personalised to the individuals' chronotype could be effective for improving sleep in early to moderate PD, and further studies evaluating controlled daylight interventions are now required utilising this standardised approach, including in advanced PD. The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Shake IT Up Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council, and Australian Research Council.

Short-time exposure to light at night affects incubation patterns and correlates with subsequent body weight in great tits (Parus major).

Artificial light at night (ALAN) widely affects wildlife by blurring light-dark differences, including transitions such as sunrise and sunset, thereby affecting regulation of diel rhythms. As a result, activity onsets in many wild diurnal songbirds advance under ALAN. From chronobiological studies, it is known that the direction and strength of the response to light depends on when during the night exposure takes place. However, these experiments are mostly done under continuous light conditions, when animals have free-running rhythms. It remains unclear whether phase-dependence also holds in entrained, wild songbirds; i.e., does the effect of ALAN on activity patterns differ between exposure in the morning compared to the evening? This information is essential to assess the effects of mitigation measures by limiting ALAN to selected times of the night. We exposed incubating great tits (Parus major) inside the nest-box to 4 h of dim light, of which 1 h overlapped with dawn before sunrise or dusk after sunset. We found a small advancing effect of morning-light on activity onset and of evening-light on offset compared to dark controls but not vice versa. Breeding success and chick condition were unaffected by the light treatments. However, light-treated females had lower weights 9-18 days after the end of the treatment compared to the controls, independent of whether ALAN occurred in the morning or the evening, indicating possible costs of ALAN. Despite the weak behavioral response, ALAN might have affected the females' circadian clock or physiology resulting in lower body condition.

Optimal Design of Tilted Building Envelope Considering Air Conditioning Energy Demand, Daylight Utilization and Glare Protection—Case Study

An important energy-saving method to optimize building envelope design is the integration of local climate characteristics. This study attempts to find sloped facade configurations to balance air conditioning energy demand and daylight utilization for four directions in an area with a hot climate. Tilt angle dependence of the air conditioning energy demand, useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and daylight glare index (DGI) are selected to investigate the acceptance thresholds of the tilt angle. The final facade’s configuration is achieved by employing the graphical optimization method. An acceptable solution that balances better daylight performance and less energy consumption by air conditioning is developed. Due to the considered city being located in a low-latitude area with great daylight availability as well as a fully dimmable light control strategy, unbearable glare reduction can be achieved by benefiting from the sloped facades, without necessarily sacrificing much usable daylight. Meanwhile, there is no obvious increase in the demand for lighting energy consumption, and a good outward view is preserved. The sloped rather than vertical facade provides natural solar shading to the east-, south- and west-oriented windows while allowing low-angle winter solar heat to warm the building space. Tilt angles between 35°and 40° are preferred for the east facade, and smaller tilt angles of between 30°and 35° are recommended for the south facade. Larger tilt angles of between 40°and 45° are preferred for the west facade. However, the north-facing facade’s outward tilt would cause an undesirable increase in air conditioning energy demand. The annual air conditioning energy demand of the east-, south- and west-facing space is found to separately decrease by 7.1%, 7.3% and 9.9%, respectively, benefiting from the sloped facades.

Mathematical Analysis of Light-sensitivity Related Challenges in Assessment of the Intrinsic Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker.

Accurate assessment of the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker is essential for a quantitative understanding of how our circadian rhythms are synchronized to exposure to natural and man-made light-dark (LD) cycles. The gold standard method for assessing intrinsic period in humans is forced desynchrony (FD) which assumes that the confounding effect of lights-on assessment of intrinsic period is removed by scheduling sleep-wake and associated dim LD cycles to periods outside the range of entrainment of the circadian pacemaker. However, the observation that the mean period of free-running blind people is longer than the mean period of sighted people assessed by FD (24.50 0.17 h vs 24.15 0.20 h, p 0.001) appears inconsistent with this assertion. Here, we present a mathematical analysis using a simple parametric model of the circadian pacemaker with a sinusoidal velocity response curve (VRC) describing the effect of light on the speed of the oscillator. The analysis shows that the shorter period in FD may be explained by exquisite sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to low light intensities and a VRC with a larger advance region than delay region. The main implication of this analysis, which generates new and testable predictions, is that current quantitative models for predicting how light exposure affects entrainment of the human circadian system may not accurately capture the effect of dim light. The mathematical analysis generates new predictions which can be tested in laboratory experiments. These findings have implications for managing healthy entrainment of human circadian clocks in societies with abundant access to light sources with powerful biological effects.

Correlation of Circadian Rhythms and Improvement of Depressive Symptoms in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

To investigate the correlation between evening melatonin timing secretion, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and post-stroke depression (PSD) in acute ischemic stroke patients and their influence on the improvement of depressive symptoms. 120 patients with a recent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed stroke were included. Salivary melatonin samples were collected at 5 time points within 1 week after hospitalization (7 p.m.-11 p.m., 1 sample per hour). The circadian phase was defined by calculating DLMO secretion. Post-stroke depressive symptoms were evaluated by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) both on day 7 of hospitalization and 3 months after stroke. Patients were divided into PSD and non-PSD groups based on whether the acute phase HRSD score was ≥8. Similarly, patients were divided into the improved depressive symptoms (IDS) and no improvement in depressive symptoms (non-IDS) groups based on whether the HRSD score at 3 months was lower than at baseline. Neurological recovery at 3 months was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The difference in DLMO between PSD and non-PSD patients was not statistically significant (p =0.173). In the non-IDS group, there was a significant decrease in melatonin secretion at 10 p.m. (p =0.012), and DLMO was significantly later than in the IDS group (p =0.017). Logistic regression analysis showed that DLMO (OR 1.91, 95%CI:1.13-3.23, p = 0.016) was an independent risk factor for persistent no improvement in depressive symptoms, which was associated with a markedly worse prognosis (p <.001). Our findings suggest possible interventions for the very early identification of non-IDS patients.

Dim Light Melatonin Onset analysis in individuals diagnosed with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD)

Dim Light Melatonin Onset analysis in individuals diagnosed with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD)

Exploring the role of sex in the association of late chronotype on cardiorespiratory fitness.

Circadian rhythms differ between young adult males and females. For example, males tend to be later chronotypes, preferring later timing of sleep and activity, than females. Likewise, there are sex differences in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. Few studies have investigated the association between circadian rhythms, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. We sought to determine whether chronotype and circadian phase were associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and anthropometric measures in sedentary males and females. Fifty-nine adults participated in the study. Circadian phase and chronotype were measured using dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score. We used peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) results from a maximal graded exercise test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Body composition, BMI, and circumferences were collected as markers of adiposity. We observed a sex difference in the association between DLMO and VO2peak . For males, a later DLMO was associated with a lower VO2peak . VO2peak did not vary based on DLMO in females. Later circadian phase was also associated with increased body fat percentage, fat mass index, and abdominal circumference in males, but not females. Collectively, these results suggest that males who are later chronotypes may be at risk of obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness.

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Miopia pada Mahasiswa Fisika Angkatan 2020 Universitas Negeri Padang

The organ of sight plays a central role in acquiring necessary information, enabling us to carry out various daily activities normally. The eyes can experience refractive errors, one of which is nearsightedness or myopia. Myopia is a refractive eye disorder with a high prevalence worldwide. There are various factors that can influence the development of myopia. One highly influential factor is the habit of reading and writing at too close a distance. Additionally, other factors include a history of exposure to light from computers or gadgets, age, type of pregnancy, birth history, nutritional status, deficiency of vitamins A and D, as well as genetic factors or family history. This study aims to determine the factors causing myopia among physics students of the 2020 intake at Padang State University. This research employs a descriptive qualitative research method and was conducted in December 2023. Research findings show that the highest percentage of individuals unaware of distant objects' presence is 70%, while 20% are aware, and 10% occasionally notice distant objects. The highest percentage of smartphone usage duration is 100%, with usage exceeding 5 hours, while 0% use it for less than 5 hours. Regarding smartphone lighting, 50% prefer bright illumination, 30% opt for moderate brightness, and 20% prefer dim lighting.

An Implementation of Lighting Control Systems Buildings with Time Based Mapping and AC Light Dimmer Integrated IoT

The use of a building lighting control system is very necessary to regulate lighting in a building to suit needs, because not only low lighting conditions can cause discomfort, lighting conditions that are too bright can also cause discomfort. The problem is that natural light cannot play much of a role in lighting buildings which are generally closed and have minimal ventilation, as well as the availability of lighting which, if not controlled properly, cannot directly meet the lighting needs of the building, whether it is the value of the light intensity produced, mapping the lighting of the lights, setting the duration of the use of lights as lighting or in the case of excessive lighting by turning on all the available lights in the room becomes a problem in terms of efficient use of electrical energy, so a special system design is needed to overcome this problem, namely the implementation of a building lighting control system. with time-based mapping and an AC light dimmer integrated with the Internet of Things which has a specific purpose as a system for controlling building lighting to suit needs, whether it is setting the light intensity value, mapping the use of lights or setting the time of use of lights as lighting. The test results have shown that the implementation system for the building lighting control system with time-based mapping and AC Light Dimmer which has been integrated with the Internet of Things as remote control and monitoring communication has been successfully implemented and is working well according to the specified targets. Keywords: lighting, AC light dimmer, mapping, Internet of Things.

Modulating LiFi for dual operation in the visible and infrared spectra

Light-Fidelity (LiFi) has emerged in the last few years as a promising technology for alleviating the stringent demand for wireless data services. Prior works have considered LiFi operating either in the visible light or infrared spectrum. Each spectrum band has its own advantages: visible light allows leveraging existing infrastructure for communication, while infrared is not affected by light dimming. In this work, we propose a modulation scheme that retains the benefits of both bands, introducing a simple, low-cost, yet efficient dimming solution for LiFi networks. We compare the performance of the proposed dimming scheme with both the digital and analog dimming techniques traditionally used in LiFi systems. Simulation results show that our dimming solution offers better communication and illumination performance than previous proposals, providing larger signal-to-noise ratio, spectral efficiency, and a full and fine-grained dimming range. Finally, we prototype our solution by designing an extended version of the OpenVLC 1.3 platform, and we experimentally show its robust communication performance under different dimming conditions. We make the implemented system publicly available to the research community.

Unusual OCT findings in a patient with CABP4-associated cone–rod synaptic disorder

PurposeBi-allelic variants in CABP4 are associated with congenital cone–rod synaptic disorder, which has also been classified, electrophysiologically, as incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (iCSNB). We describe clinical findings in a patient who demonstrated an unusual macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) phenotype, not previously reported in this condition.MethodsOur patient underwent multimodal retinal imaging, international standard full-field ERG testing and whole genome sequencing.ResultsThe patient was a 60-year-old woman with non-progressive visual impairment since birth, nystagmus and preference for dim lighting. Clinical fundus examination was unremarkable. OCT imaging revealed a hypo-reflective zone under an elevated fovea in both eyes. ERGs showed an electronegative DA10 response, with severely abnormal light-adapted responses. Whole genome sequencing revealed homozygosity for a known pathogenic variant in CABP4. No variants were found in other genes that could explain the patient’s phenotype.ConclusionsOCT findings of foveal elevation and an underlying hypo-reflective zone are novel in this condition. Whilst the clinical history was similar to achromatopsia and other cone dysfunction syndromes, ERG findings suggested disease associated with CACNA1F or CABP4. As CACNA1F is X-linked, CABP4 was more likely, and confirmed on genetic testing. The patient saw better in dim light, confirming that night blindness is not a feature of CABP4-associated disease. Our case highlights the value of ERGs in discriminating between causes of cone dysfunction, and extends the range of retinal imaging phenotypes reported in this disorder.