Dilute Peroxide Solution Research Articles

Correlations Between Free Radical Production and Viability of Lyophilized Bacteria

When Serratia marcescens cultures were treated with dilute solutions of phenol or hydrogen peroxide before drying or by lyophilization at suboptimal pH, the log of the number of cells surviving lyophilization was correlated with subsequent free radical production by the dried cells. Since the rate of free radical production and rate of death were similarly affected by temperature, the log of the number of cells surviving after 6 days was inversely related to the free radical concentration at that time. Free radicals were produced in proportion to the log of oxygen pressure, and viability was inversely related to oxygen tension; again, free radical concentration appeared to be correlated with the death of organisms.

Progress in Cardiovascular Surgery: Cardiovascular Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide: Current Status

Investigation of dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide as an improved method of oxygenating tissues over hyperbaric oxygenation has been conducted. Hydrogen peroxide given intra-arterially in the regional system or directly to the exterior of an organ is decomposed into oxygen and water and produces oxygen tensions ranging from 3 to 8 atmospheres pressure regionally. This does not require lung transport, can be given continuously over long periods of time, can be administered by a single physician without expensive equipment and large teams and avoids decompression and compression hazards, as well as pulmonary and CNS toxicity of hyperbaric oxygenation. Hydrogen peroxide has been demonstrated to be an adjunctive source of oxygen for the anoxic or ischemic heart and can improve resuscitation in refractile arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Intra-arterial infusion has been noted to reverse the atheroderotic process, potentiate the effect of irradiation on malignant tumors, increase the localization of radioisotopes in malignant tumors, protect against Clostridium welchii infections, promote wound healing and serve as an excellent source of regional oxygenation without significant systemic toxicity. Further investigation in all areas is necessary to establish the quantitative value and limitations of H2O2.

A possible origin for sulfates and sulfur in meteorites

Two possible origins for the sulfur compounds found in the carbonaceous chondrites are investigated here: oxidation of troilite by dissolved oxygen, and oxidation of troilite by dilute hydrogen peroxide solution. HOOH oxidation is concluded to be a more acceptable explanation for the observed distribution of sulfur compounds than either O 2 oxidation or previously suggested processes.

Free Radicals formed during the Oxidation and Reduction of Peroxides

THE reduction of hydrogen peroxide by transition metal ions is thought to involve hydroxyl radicals as intermediates1. We have found that dilute solutions of titanous ion and hydrogen peroxide (about 10−2 M) react together to form a free radical of short life. This has been observed by using a flow system in which the reactants are mixed just before entering the cavity of a Varian electron spin resonance spectrometer. The spectrum is a single line near g = 2, width about 3 gauss, the intensity of which at maximum flow-rate is proportional to [Ti3+] and [H2O2] when these are low.

Photolysis of Dilute Hydrogen Peroxide Solution in the Presence of Dissolved Hydrogen and Oxygen: Evidence Relating to the Nature of the Hydroxyl Radical and the Hydrogen Atom Produced in the Radiolysis of Water

The purpose of this study was to characterize more exactly the hydroxyl radical and the hydrogen atom produced in the radiolysis of water. This was done by comparing properties of the hydroxyl radical produced by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, and of the hydrogen atom produced by reaction of H2 with this hydroxyl radical, with the corresponding properties, previously determined, of the species produced in the radiolysis of water. The comparison was made by accurate evaluation of relative rate constants for reaction of H202 and H2 with the hydroxyl radicals, and for reaction of H202 and 02 with the hydrogen atoms produced in the two systems. The effect of pH on these ratios was also studied. There is little or no direct information based on physical measurements concerning the reactive intermediates produced in the radiolysis of liquid water. The identity of these species is inferred from observations on water vapor and ice, and from chemical kinetic studies of various solutions as a function of concentration, total radiation dose, dose rate, LET (linear energy transfer), pH, temperature, isotopic content, etc. (1, 2). Chemical studies indicate radiation decomposition of liquid water to OH radicals and H atoms or their chemical equivalents. Evidence, based mostly on pH studies, suggests more than one form of each, but the actual identity and molecular constitution of these species is not known. It is also not known whether only one form of each is produced in the initial processes of the radiation decomposition of water. For example, very recent results of Czapski and Allen (3) indicate that only one form of hydrogen atom is produced initially, whereas other results (4, 5) suggest about 20 % of a second form. It is conceivable that hydroxyl

Cell transplants of avian lymphomatosis treated with hydrogen peroxide.

LEUKOSIS is considered to be the most serious disease problem in chickens to-day. After Holman1 reported his success in destroying implants of Walker 256 adenocarcinoma by replacing rats' drinking water with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide, it was decided to see if such treatment would alter the course of leukosis in chickens.

Studies of tocopherol deficiency in infants and children. II. Plasma tocopherol and erythrocyte hemolysis in hydrogen peroxide.

Although concentrations of tocopherol in tissues or blood and estimates of dietary intake have been used as indices of vitamin E nutrition, the absence in man of recognized clinical, biochemical, or physiological correlations of vitamin E deficiency has hindered interpretation of the findings. 1 Rose and Gyorgy 2 have established that hemolysis of erythrocytes in dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide can be used as an index of tocopherol deficiency in rats and have reported that some newborn full-term infants show this evidence of deficiency. 3 In previous studies, we have reported the presence of positive hemolysis tests in premature and full-term infants fed partially skimmed cows' milk mixtures, in unfed newborn infants, both full-term and premature, and in infants and children with steatorrhea associated with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas or biliary atresia.* It is the purpose of this report to present data correlating plasma tocopherol levels and hemolysis in

DEPOLYMERIZATION OF DEXTRAN BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

It was observed that when very dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide were employed for the purpose of destroying pyrogens in aqueous dextran solutions, a marked depolymerization of the polysaccharide molecule occurred. Further study demonstrated this effect to occur over a wide range of temperature, pressure, time, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. It was therefore possible to use hydrogen peroxide in place of the usual hydrolytic agents, such as acids, for the depolymerization of native dextran to smaller molecular weight fragments suitable for use as a blood plasma extender.

DEPOLYMERIZATION OF DEXTRAN BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

It was observed that when very dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide were employed for the purpose of destroying pyrogens in aqueous dextran solutions, a marked depolymerization of the polysaccharide molecule occurred. Further study demonstrated this effect to occur over a wide range of temperature, pressure, time, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. It was therefore possible to use hydrogen peroxide in place of the usual hydrolytic agents, such as acids, for the depolymerization of native dextran to smaller molecular weight fragments suitable for use as a blood plasma extender.

Availability of vitamin E in the newborn infant.

SummaryRed blood cells of newborn infants are hemolyzed by dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide. This hemolysis may be prevented by vit. E in vitro or in vivo. However, even with high daily doses ...

Preparation of hydrogen peroxide from the peroxides formed on oxidizing propane

AbstractAn investigation is described of the conversion of the peroxide solution, obtained on oxidizing propane, into hydrogen peroxide. The method of doing this is based on the conversion of the said peroxide solution into calcium or barium peroxide by means of calcium or barium hydroxide, which process gives a high yield. Following this conversion, the calcium or barium peroxide is transferred into a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution by means of carbon dioxide, whereas the carbonate is precipitated and filtered off. This conversion, too, proceeds with a high yield.

The Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water by Alpha-Rays

The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of air-free water irradiated with alpha-rays has been photographed between 2200 and 2800A. The spectrum appears to belong to a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. The gases evolved from the irradiated water contain hydrogen in excess of an electrolytic mixture. The parallel variation of excess H2 pressure and H2O absorption is consistent with Duane and Scheuer's hypothesis. Apparatus has been developed in which excess H2 and H2O absorption can be measured simultaneously at different times without disrupting the normal course of an experiment. The method is applicable to other radio and photochemical reactions.

THE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY LIVER CATALASE

1. The velocity of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase as a function of (a) concentration of catalase, (b) concentration of hydrogen peroxide, (c) hydrogen ion concentration, (d) temperature has been studied in an attempt to correlate these variables as far as possible. It is concluded that the reaction involves primarily adsorption of hydrogen peroxide at the catalase surface. 2. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase is regarded as involving two reactions, namely, the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is a maximum at the optimum pH 6.8 to 7.0, and the "induced inactivation" of catalase by the "nascent" oxygen produced by the hydrogen peroxide and still adhering to the catalase surface. This differs from the more generally accepted view, namely that the induced inactivation is due to the H(2)O(2) itself. On the basis of the above view, a new interpretation is given to the equation of Yamasaki and the connection between the equations of Yamasaki and of Northrop is pointed out. It is shown that the velocity of induced inactivation is a minimum at the pH which is optimal for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 3. The critical increment of the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase is of the order 3000 calories. The critical increment of induced inactivation is low in dilute hydrogen peroxide solutions but increases to a value of 30,000 calories in concentrated solutions of peroxide.

Inactivation and reactivation of insulin.

That insulin may be inactivated by treatment with reducing and oxidizing agents has been demonstrated by Shonle and Waldo.1 They found that, when insulin was treated with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate, its glucopyretic property was entirely destroyed. They likewise observed that the activity was destroyed by action of such reducing agents as sodium bisulphide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen, and stannous chloride. They were never able to recover the activity after it had once been lost by either oxidation or reduction as indicated. Dodds and Dickens2 observed that the activity of insulin prepared by the picrate method was reduced and finally lost if subjected to formalin in various concentrations. Complete inactivation resulted from exposure to 10 per cent formalin at 37° for one hour. Destruction was much less rapid at a lower temperature. Dodds and Dickens believe that the inactivation was due to combination of formaldehyde with free NH2 groups of the insulin protein. Howev...