Design Of Digital Systems Research Articles

(Invited) Management Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Battery Management Systems (BMS) for large Li-ion batteries are, of themselves, complex systems. The complexity starts with voltage measurement for individual cells. Large batteries may have 96, 192, or more, series connected cells, so requiring complex wiring harnesses. The high noise environment provides additional challenges for wiring and also analog front end and analog to digital conversion system design. For safety, and also to help with State of Charge (SOC) estimation, temperature sensors must be located throughout the battery. A computational infrastructure estimates SOC for each cell. The estimate is typically based on cell voltage, measured current, estimated cell resistance, integrated current and temperature. Additionally, the effects of cell capacity imbalance, whether present from the start, or evolved over time, must be mitigated. This paper will attempt to provide some insight into BMS design for mass produced large batteries. The applications, whether for Electric Vehicles (EV) or Stationary Storage, are generally safety critical, so placing additional demands on the BMS. Typically, the BMS also manages the interaction between the battery and the remainder of the system. It sets limits for allowed charge and discharge currents and has the ability to interrupt current and disconnect the battery if limits are exceeded. In additional to safety, reliability is also critical. For example, the many required cell connections must remain intact for the intended service life of the installation. This will be addressed, touching also on design of the overall battery pack.

Web-based digital twin online laboratories: Methodologies and implementation

Background: Online laboratories that provide online experimentation are crucial for education and research in all fields of engineering. As a transformative technology, the digital twin can be potentially applied into online laboratories to enable physical-digital twin interactions and enhance user experience. Methods: In this article, web-based digital twin online laboratories are discussed, the methodologies and implementation of which are presented in detail. The digital twin architecture, three-dimensional twin model, web-based digital twin control algorithm design, and real-time physical-twin control are explored to provide a full picture for the design and implementation of digital twin online laboratory systems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, a use case with the Networked Control System Laboratory (a previously developed control and automation laboratory) is provided, which details the design and implementation. Results: A four-tier web architecture has been implemented. With the provided web interface, control algorithms can be designed and employed for real-time digital twin experimentation. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical-digital twin fan speed control system can achieve good control and tracking performance with human-in-the-loop interactions. Conclusions: This article presents the methodologies and implementation of digital twin web-based online laboratories. The use case verified the proposed web architecture, digital twin implementation, control architecture, and human-in-the-loop interactions for a digital twin experimentation system, which can potentially be used for the design and implementation of other digital-twin applications in different fields.

Special Issue on Design of Fault-Tolerant Digital Circuits and Systems

As technology scales down, the speed and power efficiency of digital circuits become greatly enhanced [...]

Dynamic Design Quality Evaluation of Power Enterprise Digital System Based on Fuzzy Information Axiom

With the deepening of digital transformation and upgrading of power grid enterprises, the digital system evaluation method of power grid enterprises based on experts’ subjective experience has been unable to meet the management needs of modern enterprises. In this paper, a method based on fuzzy information axiom for dynamic design quality evaluation of digital system in electric power enterprises is proposed. Firstly, the electric power enterprise digital system dynamic design quality comprehensive evaluation index system is set up from three aspects, which are achievement degree of target business function, logical relation rationality, and technical economy of physical model. Secondly, the quantitative and qualitative index values are processed by using the information calculation formula of minimum information axiom and fuzzy membership function. And then best-worst method and antientropy weight method are used to form the comprehensive evaluation model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the design scheme are verified by an example of dynamic design of digital system in power enterprise.

Application of Computer Technology in VR Digital Media

In order to make up for the defects of traditional digital media system design, continuously strengthen the user’s sense of experience, and further improve the digital media system design through diversified digital media forms, this paper proposes an application method of computer technology in VR digital media. Through the introduction and research of human-computer interaction interface, the usability of human-computer interaction interface evaluation and testing is analyzed, and combined with GOMS model to optimize and improve the model, a new optimized GOMS layered quantitative model is proposed. The experimental results show that when the system is running, the trend of video cache rate in WiFi and 4G environments is basically the same. The playback start rate is fast and then tends to be stable. During the playback process, the video frame rate is stable at about 60 FPS, which meets the needs of human eyes to watch without Caton. After the playback starts, the GPU occupancy rate remains about 20% and stable. Computer technology can realize the effective combination of multiscreen interaction and digital media in VR digital media, creating a better prospect interactive experience for the future development of digital media mobile terminal.

Design and research of digital twin machine tool simulation and monitoring system

The numerical control machine tool is an important part of manufacturing. The speed and accuracy of the machine tool simulation and the monitoring of machine physical model movement, model collision, and operation health are the most common bottlenecks. The previous studies on these problems are discrete and poor in real time. In this paper, combined with the digital twin (DT) technology, a perception-monitor-feedback system architecture is constructed. Based on the improved Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi (GJK) distance algorithm, the collision information of tool and machine tool can be better detected during the simulation and monitoring of machine tool movement, and the more real workpiece shape can be displayed. Based on the model synchronous motion driven by the production perception data and its potential information extraction, the tool wear online monitoring is carried out. The tool wear online monitoring is performed based on the production perception data–driven model synchronous movement and extraction of its potential information. Finally, the usability and efficiency of the system are verified by an example of a typical shaft part processed by a numerical control machine tool.

Design of Semiautomatic Digital Creation System for Electronic Music Based on Recurrent Neural Network.

Semiautomated digital creation is increasingly important in the manipulation of electronic music. How to realize the learning of local effective features of audio data is a difficult point in the current research field. Based on recurrent neural network theory, this paper designs a semiautomatic digital creation system for electronic music for digital manipulation and genre classification. The recurrent neural network improves the transmission of electronic music information between the input and output of the network by adopting dense connections consistent with DenseNet and adopts an inception-like structure for the autonomous selection of effective recursive nuclear electronic music categories. In the simulation process, the prediction method based on semiautomatic digital audio clips is also adopted, which pays more attention to the learning of local effective features of audio data, which gives the model the ability to create audio samples of different lengths and improves the model's support for creative tasks in different scenarios. It includes the determination of the number of neurons, the selection of the function of neurons, the determination of the connection method, and the specific learning algorithm rules, and then the training samples are formed. The experimental results show that the recurrent neural network exhibits powerful feature extraction ability and classification ability of music information. The 10-fold cross-validation on GTZAN dataset and ISMIR2004 dataset has obtained 88.7% and 87.68%, surpassing similar ones. The model has reached a leading level. After further use of the MSD (Million Song Dataset) dataset for pre-semiautomatic training, the model effect has been further greatly improved. The accuracy rate on the dataset has been increased to 91.0% and 89.91%, respectively, which has improved the semiautomatic number and creative advancement.

Design of Digital and Intelligent Financial Decision Support System Based on Artificial Intelligence.

The quality of financial decision-making is very important to the future development of an enterprise, but it is often affected by the completeness of useful information for decision-making and the subjective factors of decision makers, and is often unstable. With the development of computer technology, the financial decision support system came into being, which improved the quality of financial decision to some extent. However, although the existing financial decision support system has achieved dataization to a certain extent, it still faces problems such as artificial leadership, insufficient intelligence, and poor decision-making efficiency, and cannot fully meet the needs of decision-makers. The explosion of artificial intelligence technology in recent years has provided potential improvements to financial decision support systems. In this article, we conduct a detailed analysis of the deficiencies in the current financial decision support system, build the mechanism and implementation path of the financial decision support system under artificial intelligence, and design a digital and intelligent financial decision support system. At the same time, we apply the proposed financial decision support system to the financial practice of X enterprise. Through the questionnaire survey, it is found that through the comprehensive application of artificial intelligence technology, the new system has a higher degree of intelligence than the existing system, and its construction can effectively improve the timeliness and accuracy of financial decision-making, while reducing the cost of financial decision-making. It is conducive to promoting the integration of management accounting and financial accounting.

Study of Different Types of Error Detection and Correction Code in Wireless Communication

The integrity of received data is a critical consideration in the design of digital communications and storage systems. The technique involved in attaining data reliability while transmission over a wireless channel is to use Channel Coding. These coding methods involve the use of Error Control Codes and there are two basic ways of controlling errors. They are Automatic Repeat Request and Forward Error Correction. This thesis concentrates on Forward error correction that deals with error detection and error correction. There are two types of error control codes: Block Codes and Convolutional Codes. The extent to which the errors are detected is a measure of the success of the code. The main trade-off in the error correction/detection technique lies in the key parameters involved in evaluating a coding system. Various block codes are analyzed using the performance metrics, namely, Improvement ratio and Error Resilience. It is observed that Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) codes showed better performance, and hence, they are chosen for further study.

Prospects for using soft processors in systems-on-a-chip based on field-programmable gate arrays

Objectives. Developing the element base of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) may significantly affect the design of electronic devices due to the enhanced logical capacity of such chips and the general tendency towards increased subsystem integration. The system-on-a-chip (SoC) concept is aimed at combining receiving, processing, and exchange subsystems onto a single chip, as well as at implementing control, diagnostic, and other auxiliary subsystems. The study aimed at developing a method for soft processor applications, i.e., processors based on configurable logical resources, for implementing control functions in an FPGA-based SoC.Methods. A digital system design methodology was used.Results. For soft processors, a unified design route based on selecting architectural parameters qualitatively corresponding to control tasks was considered. In particular, such parameters as instruction set addressness, number of pipeline cycles, and arithmetic logic unit configuration are adjustable at the design stage to allow the optimization of the soft processor in the discrete parameter space. An approach to rapid prototyping of the assembler based on stack-oriented programming language with regular grammar was also considered. The control of digital signal processing hardware as part of an SoC is the promising application area for soft processors. An implementation is considered on the example of an SoC based on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA containing several processor cores developed using the proposed methodology.Conclusions. The considered approaches to soft processor design allow the rapid prototyping of the control processor core for operation as part of an FPGA-based SoC.

Hardware Designs of Cyclic Redundancy Check Code with Calculation Time Trade-Off Strategy

This paper will discuss the design of cyclic redundancy check code (CRC), a most popular error detecting scheme in intelligent communication. At first, the concepts of CRC are given in detail with mathematical model and software simulation in python scripts. And mainly, with calculation time trade-off strategy, we provide the CRC hardware design with three architecture models serial, parallel, hybrid serial and parallel. Keywords: Error Detection Scheme; Cyclic Redundancy Check; Python; Verilog HDL; Digital System Design

A review of enabling technologies for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Ecosystem

The goal of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and digital healthcare systems is to provide people with the ease of receiving quality healthcare at the comfort of their homes. Hence, the aim of IoMT is the ubiquitous deployment of home-based healthcare systems. Making such systems intelligent and efficient for timely prediction of critical diseases can save millions of lives while simultaneously reducing the burden on the traditional healthcare systems e.g., hospitals. The advancement in IoT has enabled both patients and doctors to access real time data. This advancement has reduced the cost and energy consumption of digital healthcare systems by using efficient sensors and communication technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various studies conducted for the development and improvement of IoMT. It analyses different sensors used for measurement of various parameters ranging from physiological to emotional signals. It also provides a detailed investigation of different communication technologies being used, their advantages, and limitations. Moreover, digital healthcare systems are now deploying machine learning technology for the prediction of health status of patients. These techniques and algorithms are also discussed. Data security and prediction accuracy are the main concerns in the development of this area. In conclusion, this paper reviews the various digital system designs in the context of healthcare, their methodology, limitations, and the present challenges faced by the e-health sector.

A Simulation Study for an Operational Design of a Robot-based Digital Assorting System

온라인 소매업(Online retail)의 성장과 고객 수요의 다양성 증가로 물류센터는 생산성과 고객의 수요변동성 대응력 향상이 요구되고 있다. 물류센터(Distribution center)에서는 고객의 수요변동에 대한 대응력 증가와 물류센터 내 작업자의 작업부하를 개선을위해 자동화 물류 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분류작업을 위한 자동화 물류 시스템으로 로봇 기반 디지털 분류 시스템(Robot-based Digital-assorting system, RDAS)을 소개한다. RDAS는 분류작업을 위한 빈-피킹 로봇(Bin-picking robot) 과 물류 운반을 위한 두 개의 컨베이어로 구성된다. 본 연구는 RDAS의 운영 관점의 설계와 생산성 분석을 목적으로 시스템 개념도와 운영정책을 제안하고 시나리오 기반의 이산 사건 시뮬레이션(Discrete-event simulation) 연구를 수행한다. 시뮬레이션 실험 시나리오는고객의 주문 특성, 시스템 내 로봇 수, 로봇의 성능, 시스템의 운영 회전 수 등을 고려하여 구성하였다. 시뮬레이션 실험결과를 통해 시스템 내 운영하는 로봇 수, 로봇이 구분 가능한 고객 박스 수, 컨베이어 내 버퍼 공간 수가 증가할 때 작업완료시간이 단축됨을 확인하였다. 또한 시스템의 운영 회전 수 증가 시 고객 박스들의 평균 흐름시간과 재공 재고가 감소됨을 확인하였다.

Application and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Graphic Element Algorithm in Digital Media Art Design

With the development of information technology, digital media art came into being. Digital media art interface design, as a window for direct communication with users, has a direct impact on the user’s experience, so it has attracted more and more people’s attention. In the context of the continuous development of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence algorithms have penetrated into all fields of social development. This article is based on the integration of graphic elements with artificial intelligence algorithms to build a digital media art interface design system. According to the analysis of system requirements, combined with the algorithm of artificial intelligence graphic elements, the system hierarchy is constructed from the user model, window model, and display model; software development and driver development are realized through the media library, and the window and common controls are realized. On this basis, the creation and display of windows and common controls are realized, and the design of the core functions of the system is completed to ensure the effect of system functions. The final conclusion shows that in actual design applications, the algorithm in this paper has a very high probability of finding the optimal solution, about 90%, when the number of iterations is small. Adjust parameters α and β, when α = 0.6 and β = 0.4 , are the best parameters; the image reaches the highest PSNR value, and the image restoration quality is the best; after system testing, the running time of this system is shortened by an average of 1-2 seconds, and the target detection task accuracy rate is 100%; the system is evaluated by questionnaires. The overall satisfaction of the design interface remains at about 80%, which is a great improvement compared to the previous one. Finally, it satisfies the requirements of the digital media art interface design better, and it is worthy of further exploration.

Design of Aeronautical Digital Video and Communication Bus Processing System

Abstract With the development of avionics systems, Avionics Digital Video Bus (ARINC 818) and Digital Information Transmission System (Arinc429) have become a new generation of aviation video transmission and communication bus standard respectively. Aiming at the characteristics of ARINC 818 and Arinc429, an aeronautical digital video and communication bus processing system is designed. First, the ARINC 818 aviation video transmission bus and the Arinc429 communication bus standard are introduced. Then, the design principles of the aeronautical digital video and communication bus processing system are described according to this standard, and the design scheme of each system component is introduced in detail. Finally, build a hardware test platform for testing and verification. The system development follows an integrated and modular design, with the Application Processing Unit (APU) main processor and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as the core, which realizes the superposition of 1-channel input ARINC 818 video with internally generated characters, and then outputs 1-channel ARINC 818 to the function displayed on the display. At the same time, it supports 7-channel Electronic Industries Association-422 (EIA-422) and 4-channel Arinc429 bus communication. In addition, the system supports the processing of 22 input discrete quantities and 7 input analog quantities. The design has been successfully used in a certain type of aircraft display control management system.

Современные методы управления парком приватных вагонов

Purpose: To study modern approaches for management of privy railcar park. At the moment, the lack of cars on loading stations is observed while their common surplus. This can be overcome by agreed supply of empty cars at set time interval. For to satisfy clients’ needs in complex service it’s proposed to apply new informational products and services. The application of ERP-systems (Enterprise Resource Planning) will allow to rise the efficiency of interaction between operator companies and JCS RZD. Methods: Application of method of digital solutions while car flow management, design of digital systems of transportation process management. Results: In the investigation, the methodology is proposed of optimal distribution of car park by loading stations on railway network JSC RZD. Practical importance: Deficit and surplus elimination for car park in operator company management, reduction of exploitational burden on JSC RZD infrastructure. Effective usage of new informational products will allow to use effectively the privy rolling stock.

Expanding the Remote Experiment Set with the 3Axis Portal Physical Model

The problem of insufficient variety of experiments with physical models in laboratory workshops for distance learning in the design of control systems is posed. It is caused by the limited operations with the physical model when using the interface at the level of electromechanics control. The way of solving the problem is substantiated: the transition from electromechanics control of physical models of devices to control systems for the processes of using these devices. The proposed way to increase the number of types of experiments is illustrated with examples of systems for using popular physical models of an elevator, storage warehouse and production cell. However, the main focus is on expanding the functionality of the physical model 3-Axis Portal. These possibilities are realized by equipping the portal head of the base model with new sensors and actuators, improving the loads with which the portal works and using new types of active surfaces in the working field of the portal. Based on the aggregation of the proposed nodes with the basic portal model, sixteen types of systems for setting up remote experiments are described. The structures of these systems, elements of implementation and variants of experiments are described, which relate to the design of digital control systems, visualization of sorting algorithms, technical diagnostics of electronic assemblies, pattern recognition and other relevant topics for teaching students of engineering specialties.

Web-based digital twin online laboratories: Methodologies and implementation

Background: Online laboratories that provide online experimentation are crucial for education and research in all fields of engineering. As a transformative technology, the digital twin can be potentially applied into online laboratories to enable physical-digital twin interactions and enhance user experience. Methods: In this article, web-based digital twin online laboratories are discussed, the methodologies and implementation of which are presented in detail. The digital twin architecture, three-dimensional twin model, web-based digital twin control algorithm design, and real-time physical-twin control are explored to provide a full picture for the design and implementation of digital twin online laboratory systems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, a use case with the Networked Control System Laboratory (a previously developed control and automation laboratory) is provided, which details the design and implementation. Results: A four-tier web architecture has been implemented. With the provided web interface, control algorithms can be designed and employed for real-time digital twin experimentation. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical-digital twin fan speed control system can achieve good control and tracking performance with human-in-the-loop interactions. Conclusions: This article presents the methodologies and implementation of digital twin web-based online laboratories. The use case verified the proposed web architecture, digital twin implementation, control architecture, and human-in-the-loop interactions for a digital twin experimentation system, which can potentially be used for the design and implementation of other digital-twin applications in different fields.

Experimental comparison of the effectiveness of programs for minimizing systems of Boolean functions in the class of disjunctive normal forms

Objectives. Methods, algorithms and programs for solving problems of minimizing the DNF representations of Boolean functions are widely used in the design of digital systems to reduce the complexity (crystal area) of functional combinational blocks of digital systems placed into digital VLSI.The objective of the work is experimental comparison of domestic programs for minimizing Boolean functions in the DNF class included in the FLC-2 with two well-known foreign freely distributed programs for minimizing DNF known as Espresso IIC and ABC.Methods. Four sets sample of input data were used to compare the programs – there are widely known examples on which the effectiveness of the Espresso IIC program was tested and two sets of industrial examples from the practice of designing the logic circuits. Algorithms and programs for parallelization of calculations when separate functions of minimizing have been developed. Software tools for the application of joint minimization programs with separate minimization of functions are proposed.Results. The areas of preferred use and the execution time of programs for the source systems of functions (for minimization) characterized by large parameter values of dozens of arguments and functions, tens of thousands of elementary conjunctions are revealed. The efficiency of application of minimization programs for various forms of input data assignment is investigated – DNF, orthogonalized DNF, BDD (Binary Decision Diagrams) representations for systems of functions, truth tables and perfect DNF systems.Conclusion. The experimental results show the effectiveness of parallel programs – reducing the calculation time and increasing the dimensions of solved problems of separate minimization of Boolean function systems.

Requirement-driven evolution and strategy-enabled service design for new customized quick-response product order fulfillment process

• A novel design method based on the Kano model and TRIZ evolution trends is proposed. • Customized order fulfillment requirements in terms of laptop production are investigated and analysed. • Three design strategies namely, precise diffraction, regenerative chain, and flexible accommodation strategies are generated by the Kano-TRIZ design model. • These strategies are applied to the design of “Customized product order fulfillment System.” Under the digital transformation era, technologies such as Cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, and Artificial Intelligence are increasingly mature, making it possible to transform from traditional factories to smart factories. During the transformation, building a communication channel between customer requirements and production capacity to realize customized order services with low volume and high-mix production is critical. This study proposes a novel requirement-driven and strategy-based model to achieve the quick response order placement and production configuration services through three phases, that is, (1) requirement-based service diagnosis, (2) design strategy generation, and (3) service system conceptualization and evaluation. Firstly, a statistical kano analysis method was proposed to mining customer requirements considering industry contexts. Then, TRIZ evolution trends were modified to design concepts for digital transformation based on key enterprise processes. Finally, a novel service development maturity model was constructed to evaluate the new digital system design. A comprehensive empirical case study of designing “Customized Product Order Fulfillment System” for the laptop production process is conducted to demonstrate this approach. The proposed novel requirement-driven and strategy-based model is expected to provide valuable insights for suggestions on technological trends and forecasting, future diverse and innovative applications in customized order fulfillment scenarios.