Virtual Reference Research Articles

ВОПРОСЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ И КОМПЛЕКТОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫМИ ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ АРХИВОВ НА СТРАНИЦАХ АРХИВОВЕДЧЕСКИХ ЖУРНАЛОВ, ОПУБЛИКОВАННЫХ В 2011-2020 ГГ. ("ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ АРХИВЫ" И "ВЕСТНИК АРХИВИСТА")

The article reviews the main publications of 2011–2020, published in the journals “Otechestvennye arkhivy” and “Herald of an Archivist”, concerning the issues of keeping electronic archival documents, their entry into state safekeeping, as well as the experience of the archival institutions practical work in the field of digital records. Based on the historiographical material, the main directions discussed in the professional community on the pages of those journals are identified. In the period from 2011 to 2014, the issues of creating a digital fund for the use of archival documents and digitization of archival records in general were actively discussed. Theoretical aspects of digital records management were studied by the authors on the pages of periodicals in 2014-2015. In the period from 2016 to 2020, the key topics of the theory of digital records were the issues of creating a digital reference apparatus, as well as those of ensuring the digital records keeping. The analysis of the articles made it possible to draw conclusions about the regular advance of archival thought in the direction of theoretical and practical development of the problems of acquisition and preservation of digital records, and also to correlate the frequency of publications in those journals with the publication of key normative and methodological documents in the f ield of archives and records management.

Examine the Challenges and Barriers Hindering Distance Learners' Access to Academic Library Resources

This research evaluates the barriers and challenges towards distance learners' access to academic libraries' physical and digital resources, databases, catalogs, and technological infrastructure, as well as the accessibility of virtual reference services and online tutorials. This research provides practical measures to improve library conditions, assist administrators in formulating effective policies, and benefit library professionals. The study aims to fill the gap in the Library and Information Science literature and contribute to knowledge in the field. A questionnaire was used for a nature of survey, and data was collected from six distance education providing universities in Pakistan selected from the Higher Education Commission HEC- Pakistan website. Two universities discontinued their programs, so data was collected from the remaining four. A sample of 200 students was selected, and 178 responses were received. Two incomplete responses were discarded, and the 176 responses were analyzed using SPSS. Distance education has become more available around the globe, and the number of distance learning students increases day by day. In response to the growing popularity of distance education, libraries and librarians identify their needs and then provide the best available services to these off-campus part-time students.

A novel saturated PID‐type observer‐based controller for wheeled mobile robots with a guaranteed performance considering path curvature

AbstractThis article proposes a novel saturated PID‐type formation controller for a class of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) of type (m, s) with mobility m and steerability s. Since the path curvature causes a severe deviation of the followers from the leaders' trajectory in the corners, a new definition of output equations is suggested to construct the coordinates of a virtual reference point in the front of each follower based on the concept of the extended look‐ahead control that utilizes a corrective angle to compensate the trajectory curvature efficiently. A nonlinear transformation and the robot's kinematic and dynamic equations are heuristically combined to develop a novel second‐order Euler–Lagrange formulation of unconstrained errors from constrained errors. Then, a novel saturated PID‐type controller is proposed for WMRs to build a desirable formation with a prescribed performance. An innovative nonlinear observer is presented to estimate followers' velocities. An efficient mixture of a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and an adaptive mechanism is proposed to compensate for model uncertainties, external disturbances, and network approximation errors. Lyapunov's direct method verifies semi‐global uniform ultimate boundedness stability by estimating a gain‐dependent region of attraction. Numerical simulations finally show the efficiency of the proposed controller.

Detectability and accuracy of computational measurements of in-silico and physical representations of enlarged perivascular spaces from magnetic resonance images

BackgroundMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) visible perivascular spaces (PVS) have been associated with age, decline in cognitive abilities, interrupted sleep, and markers of small vessel disease. But the limits of validity of their quantification have not been established. New methodWe use a purpose-built digital reference object to construct an in-silico phantom for addressing this need, and validate it using a physical phantom. We use cylinders of different sizes as models for PVS. We also evaluate the influence of ‘PVS’ orientation, and different sets of parameters of the two vesselness filters that have been used for enhancing tubular structures, namely Frangi and RORPO filters, in the measurements’ accuracy. ResultsPVS measurements in MRI are only a proxy of their true dimensions, as the boundaries of their representation are consistently overestimated. The success in the use of the Frangi filter relies on a careful tuning of several parameters. Alpha= 0.5, beta= 0.5 and c= 500 yielded the best results. RORPO does not have these requirements and allows detecting smaller cylinders in their entirety more consistently in the absence of noise and confounding artefacts. The Frangi filter seems to be best suited for voxel sizes equal or larger than 0.4 mm-isotropic and cylinders larger than 1 mm diameter and 2 mm length. ‘PVS’ orientation did not affect measurements in data with isotropic voxels. Comparison with existent methodsDoes not apply. ConclusionsThe in-silico and physical phantoms presented are useful for establishing the validity of quantification methods of tubular small structures.

Developing Students’ Scientific Literacy through Wikipedia Digital Library

This study investigates the impact of utilizing the digital library Wikipedia on high school students’ scientific literacy skills in biology. This research used a quasi-experiment design with a one-group pre-test and post-test method, conducted in a high school in Bandung, Indonesia. The participants consisted of 60 tenth-grade students. The research instrument consisted of 24 multiple-choice questions designed to assess nine scientific literacy indicators, including the ability to describe phenomena scientifically, design and evaluate scientific investigations, and interpret data and evidence scientifically. Each question was scored dichotomously, with the correct answer receiving a score of 1 and incorrect answers assigned a score of 0. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using the Rasch model through Winsteps Version 3.73. Based on data analysis, the items fit with the Rasch model because the infit and outfit MNSQ is 1.0 and the residual item of unexplained variance is 2.3% to 9.8%. The reliability of the items shows an item value of 0.97, which is classified as excellent. The indicators considered the most difficult before being treated were identifying accurate scientific ideas, distinguishing between types of sources, and evaluating literature source validity after the treatment. There was a significant improvement in students’ scientific literacy skills after utilizing the digital library, Wikipedia. The findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of integrating digital media into biology courses, highlighting the potential of Wikipedia as a digital reference source for enhancing students’ scientific literacy in high school settings.

The Accuracy of Full-Arch Intraoral Optical Impressions (IOS): Clinical Pilot Study of the Influence of the Scan Strategy, Operator, and Intraoral Scanner.

To investigate the influence of a novel scanning strategy-using two new intraoral scanner devices with different operators-on the full-arch scanning accuracy for a dentate maxilla. Two scanning strategies, a test and a control strategy, were used to produce full-arch impressions of the dentate maxilla of a study patient. Two intraoral scanning (IOS) devices were used. Five expert operators performed a total of 40 scans. The scan time was recorded for each. A reference model was obtained from the patient's maxillary arch with an analog impression. The model was later scanned with a high-precision laboratory scanner to create a digital reference model (DRM). The scanning accuracy was analyzed with 3D-analysis software using a root mean square (RMS) calculation method, and qualitative analysis was executed using machine learning software. The mean RMS result for the test strategy was 82.8 ± 16 μm compared to 81.5 ± 16 μm for the control strategy. The mean RMS results were 84.7 ± 15 μm for Primescan (PS) and 79.6 ± 17 μm for 3Shape (3S). As such, the scanning strategies and IOS devices did not influence the scanning accuracy. Yet, a significant difference was found when the two strategies' scanning times were compared (P = .001), as well as the IOS devices (P = .001). The operator was found to have no influence on the scanning strategy. The accuracy of digital impressions is not influenced by different strategies, devices, or operators, in contrast with the scanning time, which is influenced by both strategies and devices.

Differences Between the Perception and Use of Virtual Reference Services for Complex Questions

Differences Between the Perception and Use of Virtual Reference Services for Complex Questions

Hong Kong Students Consider Virtual Reference a Vital Service and It Can Aid in Many Stages of Learning

A Review of: Tsang, A. L. Y., & Chiu, D. K. W. (2022). Effectiveness of virtual reference services in academic libraries: A qualitative study based on the 5E learning model. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(4), Article 102533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102533 Objective – Understand how virtual reference services (VRS) impact students’ learning using the 5E model (engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate) as a theoretical framework. Design – Exploratory qualitative study. Setting – Major university in Hong Kong. Subjects – There were 10 participants between the ages of 18 and 35, including undergraduate and postgraduate students and one alumnus of the university. Methods – Online synchronous semi-structured interviews of 30 minutes via Zoom. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed thematically according to the 5E learning model. Main Results – WhatsApp was the preferred form of VRS, over Zoom, email, or phone. VRS can facilitate better awareness of library resources and supports resource exploration. WhatsApp VRS is particularly valuable for students who may find other modes intimidating, overly formal, or inaccessible due to time constraints. VRS has grown in importance since the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion – VRS provided via instant messaging is a valued service for students, but libraries, library websites, and librarians can all work to improve awareness of the option and possible uses. Future work is needed to understand how demographics may influence patrons’ attitudes and experiences of VRS.

Techno-Sociopreneur In Improving Competitiveness of Agricultural Commodities

This paper contributes to providing an understanding of the dynamics of Techno-sociopreneur in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities. First, this paper will explain the concept of Techno-sociopreneur in agricultural development from the beginning of the concept used in a scientific context. Then it will also be explained what are the components forming Techno-sociopreneur development in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities, and what variables will be the novelty of research in Techno-sociopreneur research in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review system from various best journal sources on Google Scholar, Garba Digital Reference (Garuda), Scinence direct and other relevant sources. The conclusion of this article is to explain the development of the concept of Techno-sociopreneur agricultural development can be categorized into scientific concepts of study, namely a) Innovation, b) Support of Stake Holders, c) Social, Cultural and Economic environment, and d) Empowerment. Research questions for the future related to Techno-sociopreneur based on local economic institutions in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities which point to the context of the impact of Techno-sociopreneur in agricultural development, the role of Techno-sociopreneur based on local economic institutions in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities and Techno-sociopreneur factor based on local economic institutions in increasing commodity competitiveness horticultural agriculture. Because studies on this have not been carried out by previous researchers both in developed countries and in developing countries.

Is there a place for a (Virtual) European Network and reference centers on Pelvic Venous Disease (PeVD)? Thinktank?

The creation of a virtual European network and reference centers, targeted at Pelvic venous disease, holds promising potential for the medical and research communities. Nevertheless, effective implementation of the initiative necessitates prudent planning, funding, and support. The establishment of such networks and reference centers requires certain considerations. We will elaborate on these considerations and are there best practices? The development from reference centers into (virtual) networks and even thinktanks is a precarious process of which is making its way from infancy to adulthood.

Virtual Reference-Based Fuzzy Noncascade Speed Control for PMSM Systems With Unmatched Disturbances and Current Constraints

This paper aims to develop a non-cascade speed control approach for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems based on the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model. In non-cascade control structures, the lack of firsthand current references imposes a tricky challenge in dealing with current constraints from the circuit and unmatched disturbances caused by load torques. To this end, a virtual reference-based fuzzy non-cascade speed control scheme is proposed for PMSM systems. First, unmatched load torques are estimated by a fuzzy disturbance observer. And then, a novel virtual reference planner is constructed to inject the estimated unmatched disturbance into the control channel as feedback compensation. This improves anti-disturbance performance, while keeping the current re-sponse within the feasible domain and reducing speed overshoot. Furthermore, the non-cascade speed regulation problem is con-verted into a system stabilization problem and addressed by the composite control strategy based on the non-parallel distributed compensation. Finally, closed-loop stability with reduced con-servatism is ensured through the fuzzy Lyapunov functions and improved slack variables. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent speed response without overcurrent even under mismatched load torque variations.

Reference System and Accuracy Evaluation of InaCORS RTK and Online Data Processing Services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-time Kinematic (RTK) method is commonly used in Indonesia because it can produce three-dimensional position directly with accuracy of ±5 cm, which is transmitted from a reference station using Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) communication media. InaCORS system provided by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) become the easiest reference station solution with stations that is always on and spread out throughout Indonesia. The InaCORS system provides nearest RTK, virtual reference station (VRS) RTK, and online data processing (ODP) services. Currently, the Indonesia Geospasial Reference System (SRGI2013) has the epoch 2021 reference system. The aim of this research is to determine which epoch is used and the accuracy and precision of the RTK and ODP services of InaCORS. To determine this issue, this study conducted RTK nearest and RTK VRS data acquisition for 5 minutes with 1-second interval, as well as static measurement for three hours at 10 points spread out throughout Bandung. The acquired data was then compared with static data processed through CORS ITB to be considered as the true value. The compared results between the three services of the InaCORS system against the true value indicate that the InaCORS system still uses the 2012 epoch because the difference value is closer to epoch 2012 than to epoch 2021, with a difference between epochs up to 26 cm. The compared results state that ODP 3D accuracy is the highest of the three services with an accuracy of 3.93 cm because ODP process static data which is more stable than RTK data, with 3D precision of 3.97 cm. Between the RTK methods, VRS is more accurate with 3D accuracy of 5.05 cm and 3D precision of 4.03 cm. The nearest RTK method has 3D accuracy and precision respectively 5.65 and 3.87 cm, which is the best precision of all three services. Between the RTK methods, VRS can be said is better than nearest in terms of accuracy and precision, but nearest RTK is more stable and unlikely to fail in measurement than VRS.

Two-Phase Model Predictive Direct Duty-Cycle Control for PMSM With Off-Line Lookup Table

Finite control set model predictive control has poor steady-state performance due to limited voltage vectors. To improve the steady-state performance, multiple vectors are used to synthesize more accurate voltage vectors, but the selection of optimal vectors is always complex. In this paper, a two-phase model predictive direct duty-cycle control based on off-line lookup table (OLT) is constructed. The proposed prediction model converts three-phase duty cycles to two-phase duty cycles, which reduces the number of duty cycles calculations. In addition, to optimize the reference voltage vectors space, a new flux linkage deviation mechanism is proposed where the virtual reference vectors can be determined with low complexity by using OLT. Then, due to further improve the steady-state accuracy and ensure low complexity, a new flux linkage constraint is proposed, which restricts the flux linkage while reducing the torque ripple. More importantly, no weight factor is needed to balance the torque and stator flux. Finally, the process of the multi-stage and multi-duty-cycle calculation is converted into the process of a one-stage and small range single-variable enumeration selection, which significantly reduces calculation cost while improving the steady-state performance. The feasibility and effectiveness ofthe proposed method isverified bytheoryand experiments.

The potential of chatGPT in digital learning: A Review

Digital education is an activity that monitors developments in the digital world in everyday life. increase literacy, develop critical thinking abilities and skills. Digital education functions as a digital reference for students to guide their learning activities. The aim of this research is to reviewing one of the digital learning resources for students. The research design uses high-quality literature from mature articles. proceedings, which are currently available on Google Scholar for 2019–2022. The research results show that the use of GPT chat as a reference source for learning students' intellectual tasks. Additionally, many GPT Chat user interface issues were also mentioned. In education, this applies to both positive and negative damping contributions. GPT chat is useful for learning, especially as a substitute for one of the digital learning resources for students.

Exploring an automated method for the analysis of virtual reference interactions

PurposeThis study aims to determine if automated coding with regular expression is a strong methodology to identify themes in virtual reference chat.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a combination of manual and automated coding of chat transcripts for a period of two years to identify the categories of questions related to the new library system. This methodology enabled them to determine if regular expression accurately identified the topics of chat transcripts.FindingsThey discovered that regular expression is an appropriate method to identify themes in virtual reference interactions. This method enabled them to establish that patrons asked questions related to system changes in the weeks following their implementations.Originality/valueThis study highlights a new methodology for transcript analysis.

Exploring Village Spatial Patterns for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Diqing Prefecture

Alexander’s A Pattern Language is an important text and focuses on the theory of diverse environmental spatial sustainability. With the contemporary digital development of villages, it is urgent that village spatial patterns are analyzed in a scientific and quantitative way in order to determine heritage village diversity. The village settlements in the Diqing region are typical representatives, having a changeable terrain, being large in number, and being multi-ethnic in China; in recent years, they have also faced slow development and limited conditions. However, few studies have focused on the multiple quantitative analysis of the diverse spatial patterns of village settlements in an ethnic minority region. Therefore, this study selects 2486 village settlements in Diqing and, using KED, NNI SSIA, etc., proposes a spatial pattern analysis framework (SPAF) based on pattern language theory. According to the spatial influencing factors, spatial analysis criteria are constructed to analyze the village spatial pattern types and subtypes. The results show that the region’s topographic conditions are the dominant factors that form the diversified village spatial patterns existent in the Diqing Prefecture. Among them, the dominant pattern of building villages along slopes with a small-population scale and large-dispersed settlements achieves a healthy and sustainable living environment that is oriented well, cost-saving, and conforms to nature. Meanwhile, the dominant pattern is also the reason for the inhibition of development due to inconvenient transportation and difficult management. Therefore, sustainable strategies should strike a balance between the two opposites. Based on the SPAF, spatial patterns can be effectively extracted for diverse village spaces, providing digital and visual references for the regeneration of contemporary rural areas.

Comparative Analysis of Digital Reference Services from Academic Library Websites

Digital reference service is one of the interactive methods of communication between librarians and users. It is an internetbased library reference or question-answer service that connects users with skilled subject experts or reference librarians. This research is an attempt to study the present scenario of digital reference services provided by different academic libraries and to check the status of Indian academic libraries. The objectives of the study are to test the availability of digital reference services on different academic library websites and make a comparative study. In this research 50 Indian and 50 international academic libraries are selected and a comparative analysis is made using six digital reference service forms including Chat Reference, E-mail Reference, Web Form, Text Reference, Phone Reference and Frequently Asked Questions. The study reveals that the top global academic libraries evaluate digital reference services with a strong positive attitude, better to say, define it as indispensable at the same time, the Indian top academic libraries stand the opposite.

Exploring the Potential Role of Upper Abdominal Peritonectomy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Cytoreductive Surgery Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence.

The Surgical Complexity Score (SCS) has been widely used to describe the surgical effort during advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cytoreduction. Referring to a variety of multi-visceral resections, it best combines the numbers with the complexity of the sub-procedures. Nevertheless, not all potential surgical procedures are described by this score. Lately, the European Society for Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) has established standard outcome quality indicators pertinent to achieving complete cytoreduction (CC0). There is a need to define what weight all these surgical sub-procedures comprising CC0 would be given. Prospectively collected data from 560 surgically cytoreduced advanced stage EOC patients were analysed at a UK tertiary referral centre.We adapted the structured ESGO ovarian cancer report template. We employed the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to model a long list of surgical sub-procedures. We applied the Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) framework to provide global (cohort) explainability. We used Cox regression for survival analysis and constructed Kaplan-Meier curves. The XGBoost model predicted CC0 with an acceptable accuracy (area under curve [AUC] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63-0.76). Visual quantification of the feature importance for the prediction of CC0 identified upper abdominal peritonectomy (UAP) as the most important feature, followed by regional lymphadenectomies. The UAP best correlated with bladder peritonectomy and diaphragmatic stripping (Pearson's correlations > 0.5). Clear inflection points were shown by pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection and ileocecal resection/right hemicolectomy, which increased the probability for CC0. When UAP was solely added to a composite model comprising of engineered features, it substantially enhanced its predictive value (AUC = 0.80, CI = 0.75-0.84). The UAP was predictive of poorer progression-free survival (HR = 1.76, CI 1.14-2.70, P: 0.01) but not overall survival (HR = 1.06, CI 0.56-1.99, P: 0.86). The SCS did not have significant survival impact. Machine Learning allows for operational feature selection by weighting the relative importance of those surgical sub-procedures that appear to be more predictive of CC0. Our study identifies UAP as the most important procedural predictor of CC0 in surgically cytoreduced advanced-stage EOC women. The classification model presented here can potentially be trained with a larger number of samples to generate a robust digital surgical reference in high output tertiary centres. The upper abdominal quadrants should be thoroughly inspected to ensure that CC0 is achievable.

Digital reference objects for evaluating algorithm performance in MR image formation

PurposeDigital Reference Objects (DROs) are mathematical phantoms that can serve as a basis for evaluating MR image quality (IQ) in an objective way. Their main purpose is to facilitate the establishment of fully automated and perfectly reproducible IQ metrics to objectively compare different algorithms in MR image formation in a standardized manner. They also allow to re-build parts of standard phantoms. MethodsWe sample DROs directly in k-space, using analytical formulas for the continuous Fourier transform of primitive shapes. We demonstrate this DRO approach by applying a state-of-the-art CNN-based denoising algorithm that is robust to varying noise levels to noisy images of the resolution section of the well-known ACR phantom for IQ assessment, reconstructed from both measured and simulated k-space data. ResultsApplying the CNN-based denoising algorithm to the measured and simulated version of the ACR phantom resolution section produced virtually identical results, as confirmed by visual and quantitative comparison. ConclusionsDROs can help guide technology selection during the development of new algorithms in MR image formation, e.g., via deep learning. This could be an important step towards reproducible MR image formation.

A Quantitative Multiparametric MRI Analysis Platform for Estimation of Robust Imaging Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology.

There is a need to develop user-friendly imaging tools estimating robust quantitative biomarkers (QIBs) from multiparametric (mp)MRI for clinical applications in oncology. Quantitative metrics derived from (mp)MRI can monitor and predict early responses to treatment, often prior to anatomical changes. We have developed a vendor-agnostic, flexible, and user-friendly MATLAB-based toolkit, MRI-Quantitative Analysis and Multiparametric Evaluation Routines ("MRI-QAMPER", current release v3.0), for the estimation of quantitative metrics from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and multi-b value diffusion-weighted (DW) MR and MR relaxometry. MRI-QAMPER's functionality includes generating numerical parametric maps from these methods reflecting tumor permeability, cellularity, and tissue morphology. MRI-QAMPER routines were validated using digital reference objects (DROs) for DCE and DW MRI, serving as initial approval stages in the National Cancer Institute Quantitative Imaging Network (NCI/QIN) software benchmark. MRI-QAMPER has participated in DCE and DW MRI Collaborative Challenge Projects (CCPs), which are key technical stages in the NCI/QIN benchmark. In a DCE CCP, QAMPER presented the best repeatability coefficient (RC = 0.56) across test-retest brain metastasis data, out of ten participating DCE software packages. In a DW CCP, QAMPER ranked among the top five (out of fourteen) tools with the highest area under the curve (AUC) for prostate cancer detection. This platform can seamlessly process mpMRI data from brain, head and neck, thyroid, prostate, pancreas, and bladder cancer. MRI-QAMPER prospectively analyzes dose de-escalation trial data for oropharyngeal cancer, which has earned it advanced NCI/QIN approval for expanded usage and applications in wider clinical trials.