Information Ethics Research Articles

Responsible Research Assessment and Research Information Management Systems

In the context of open science, universities, research-performing and funding organizations and authorities worldwide are moving towards more responsible research assessment (RRA). In 2022, the European Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA) published an agreement with ten commitments, including the recognition of the “diversity of contributions to, and careers in, research”, the “focus on qualitative evaluation for which peer review is central, supported by responsible use of quantitative indicators”, and the “abandon (of) inappropriate uses in research assessment of journal- and publication-based metrics”. Research assessment (RA) is essential for research of the highest quality. The transformation of assessment indicators and procedures directly affects the underlying research information management infrastructures (also called current research information systems) which collect and store metadata on research activities and outputs. This entry investigates the impact of RRA on these systems, on their development and implementation, their data model and governance, including digital ethics.

Pentingnya Pendidikan Etika Digital Dalam Konteks SDGs 2030

This study aims to delve into the significant role of Digital Ethics Education in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. The background of this research is based on the rapid transformation in the digital era that has influenced various aspects of life, including education. Digital ethics not only encompasses rules of conduct in the use of social media but also values related to technology. The integration of digital ethics education with the SDGs 2030 is expected to foster a positive attitude towards technology, instill a sense of online responsibility, and develop critical thinking skills in the digital world. The research method used is library research, involving an in-depth analysis of various primary sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. This study also involves a review of 16 scientific journals to deepen the understanding of digital ethics, education, and the SDGs 2030. Through observation and analysis of various reference sources, this research highlights the importance of digital ethics education in achieving sustainable development goals. The results of the study indicate that digital ethics education plays a crucial role in shaping an intelligent, enlightened, and productive generation in the digital era. In conclusion, enhancing the quality of education with a focus on ethical and moral values is essential to create a digitally literate and ethical society, thereby contributing positively to achieving the SDGs 2030 and moving towards a sustainable future for all individuals

Digital and Culture: Towards More Resilient Urban Community Governance

Urban communities are characterized by significant population size, high density, and strong mobility. While we might enjoy the dividends of rapid modernization, there are nonetheless variable and frequent public crises that occur. Modernization’s problems are gradually emerging, and the traditional risk prevention logic that relies on administrative “rigidity” has begun to be widely challenged. Traditional urban communities depend on institutional, structural, and spatial aspects to improve community resilience. Because big data has become popular, attention has begun to be paid to digital empowerment and community resilience. However, the emergence of problems such as “digital paradox” and “digital ethics” in the digital realm itself has prompted calls for cultural resilience to continue to rise. Therefore, urgently needed resolutions are required to questions regarding the resilience of traditional communities, the construction of digital and cultural resilience, the relationship between digital and cultural resilience, and the manner in which cultural resilience is coordinated to solve the problem of digital resilience. A quantitative analysis of 350 questionnaires from five urban communities found that these communities’ institutional, spatial, and structural dimensions are the driving factors for improving resilience. In contrast, the cultural and digital dimensions are constraints. Therefore, the question of how to coordinate the cultural and digital factors represented by traditional and modern societies in order to compensate for the shortcomings in resilience construction is that which future urban communities must consider. The authors of this study believe that digital empowerment is needed to open up the “first mile” of resilient communities, that cultural empowerment is required to break down the “blocks in the middle” of resilient communities, and that digital and cultural coupling is needed to link the “last mile” of resilient communities. One must use culture to compensate for the shortcomings of digital resilience and digital to pay for the failures of cultural resilience before one can move towards more resilient urban community governance.

Urgensi Etika Dalam Literasi Digital Di Era Globalisasi

The purpose of this studywas to describe the importance of ethics in the context of digital literacy in the current era of globalization. By understanding the importance of ethics in digital literacy, it is hoped that this research can provide insights regarding optimizing the benefits of digital technology based on the principles of digital ethics.This research uses a library research method; the data is collected from source books, research articles, and other sources relevant to the topic discussed.The library research results showed that digital literacy has a very important role in facing complex challenges in the current era of globalization. Ethics in digital literacy acts as a guideline in using technology so that it has positive effects and minimizes negative effects. Awareness of digital responsibility is the foundation for a smarter and more empowered society in this digital era. Digital literacy ethics are very important in several ways, such as preventing the spread of false information, fighting cyberbullying and harassing speech, and respecting user privacy. Challenges in implementing digital literacy ethics include a lack of awareness of digital ethics, inequality in access and mastery of technology, regulatory and law enforcement challenges, and the role of education in overcoming challenges. Therefore, the importance of ethics in digital literacy and the role of education is crucial to overcoming various challenges that arise along with the development of technology and information.

THE ETHICAL IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN B2B MARKETING: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

The article discusses some relevant philosophical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the processes of digitalization of markets and the introduction of digital technologies in business management related to digital ethics. The empirical research conducted by the author is aimed at identifying current trends in the implementation of artificial intelligence in marketing, the attitude of company management to the implementation of these processes, awareness of ethical aspects and problems of interaction with consumers. The goal of the work is to advance the issues of determining the attributes of digital ethics for the use of artificial intelligence in business: assessing the awareness of new opportunities and risks in Russian entrepreneurship. These issues naturally attract the attention of Russian. In this regard, a number of ethical problems relevant to the digital space are identified, such as problems of information wars and cyber attacks, problems of information security, privacy of private life, primacy of information sources, digital education technologies, transformation of moral values, in particular , perceptions of cruelty and violence in the digital entertainment industry, ethics of virtual communities, the use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in production teams. The issues of developing the business environment, in particular, the reputational risks of companies in the context of the emergence of a new digital ethics, also deserve special attention . The wide public response to the ethical aspects of digitalization of various aspects of public relations has led to the development of a number of international and Russian documents that bring to the fore the observance of ethical principles and norms in the new environment of life and development of society. About two dozen large Russian companies and organizations signed the first Russian “Code of Ethics for Artificial Intelligence” at the end of 2021. The Artificial Intelligence Code states that responsibility in the application of this technology must always remain with humans. Its development is provided for by the AI Development Strategy until 2030 and the federal project “Artificial Intelligence”. For now, compliance with the norms of this document is voluntary. There are similar documents in 20 countries, 35 large companies in the world already have their own codes, in Russia - Sberbank and Yandex (Artificial Intelligence...). At the end of 2022, the European Union adopted the European Declaration on European Digital Rights and Principles (European Digital Rights.). Keywords: digital ethics, business ethics, artificial intelligence, marketing, parasocial relationships.

Digital Empowerment and Ethical Reconstruction: The Substrate of Cooperative Action in Private Higher Education in the Digital Era

Currently, the entire society is experiencing systematic "digital disruption", and comprehensive digital transformation across all areas is the inevitable path to future development. As the foundation of people's livelihood, education, and higher education in particular, plays an important role in digital transformation and educational reform. Higher education is not only the driving force of digital transformation but also the main force of educational reform. When facing the impact of the digital wave, it should take the initiative to shoulder the responsibility of digital transformation and innovation, and actively lead educational reform. As an important part of higher education, private higher education also shoulders the important responsibility of promoting digital transformation. It is an important direction to promote social systematic digital transformation through the digital transformation of higher education, and it is a practical requirement to promote the digital transformation and upgrading of cooperation between private higher education and digital technology. With the deep integration of digital technology and cooperation between private higher education, the digital space is gradually taking shape, and ethical concerns are beginning to emerge. Through philosophical reflection and ethical examination of these ethical concerns in the digital space, it is found that these ethical concerns mainly stem from the absence of the ethical dimension of digital technology. Therefore, this study starts from two logical dimensions of digital empowerment and ethical reconstruction, based on the analysis of the internal interconnection between technology and ethics, and proposes that in promoting the digital transformation of cooperation between private higher education, we should not only fully utilize digital empowerment, but also reconstruct the action path of digital ethics.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION STYLE OF PUBLIC FIGURES ON SOCIAL MEDIA: RESPONSES OF GENERATION Z IN LAMONGAN AS FANS

Social media seems to be a means for society to communicate and convey aspirations, inspiration, and innovation to social media users. The communication styles used vary on social media. The aim of this research is to find out the response of the people in Lamongan, especially Generation Z, who are active in social media, and to find out the influence of social media in the 5.0 era on the daily verbal communication style on social media by Generation Z in Lamongan Regency. The problem in this case is that the verbal communication style of idols or public figures is very influential. Generation Z is experiencing an addiction that makes them not want to be separated from gadgets, resulting in low socialization with other people, people who lack focus, and people whose social skills are very weak. A Google Form questionnaire was used to collect data, and the method was quantitative-descriptive with information from books, journals, online articles, and previous publications. Research findings show that Generation Z in Lamongan Regency does not follow bad verbal communication styles on social media. Generation Z in Lamongan Regency will not pay attention to negative actions such as insulting, cursing, backbiting, and sarcasm carried out by idols or public figures they like and will only consider them as material for jokes and entertainment. is in accordance with digital ethics. This research is strengthened by the use and gratification theory as a reference for uncovering this problem.

Development and Psychometric Validation of an Information Competency Assessment: The Information Management Brief Scale

<p style="text-align: justify;">Today's college students relate directly to the information through which they learn. They are the ones who detect the information they need, search and evaluate it, and also use it to develop academic projects. Information literacy programs have increased in universities to support the development of these skills to students. The aim of this study was to provide an instrument that allows the measurement of information competency in higher level students and generate evidence of its validity and reliability. The Information Management Brief Inventory (IMBS) was developed, which consisted of 16 Likert type items. IMBS was applied to a sample of 1,937 students from a public university in northern Mexico. For the evaluation of the construct validity and identification of the factor grouping of the items, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to explore the goodness of fit of the model. It was found that the 16 items were grouped into three factors: information management, access to information and information ethics. The psychometric properties of IMBS were adequate.</p>

Problems and Challenges of Digitalization for University Staff. The Case of the University of Tirana

During this dynamic period, digital technology is being rapidly applied in education, enabling innovative methods for the development of the university institution, teaching, knowledge assessment, institutional communication, and communication between educators, administrative staff, and students, as well as serving as an international ranking standard. In this regard, the University of Tirana has initiated the digital transformation process, which was deeply understood and significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is going on in conformity with the growth and increase of investments closely connected with continuous technological developments side by side with the investments for the qualification of human resources, which serve and benefit this professional community as well as the improvement in the fields of Law and Administration based on the standards of digital ethics. Being the biggest university community in Albania, it has become a necessity to build a survival, friendly welcoming, just safe, and life-sustaining digital community. This is the key to solving the educational and administrative problems facing students, and academic and administrative staff. Besides being a vision for the University's development, it is an ethical vision as well. Moreover, it stands as an ethical challenge. This work based on the data from the study “Digital Ethics, Humane and Institutional Agora and the University of Tirana” aims at exploring the impact of age on digital ethics, both for the academic and support staff at the University of Tirana, with a special focus on staff aged 45 and above. Data from a survey conducted in the November-December 2022 period have been used, involving 315 educators out of a total of 746 and 214 support staff out of 334 to achieve at least 95% reliability. The data was based on half-structured interviews focusing on groups composed of university academic and administrative staff. Descriptive and inferential analyses using the chi-square test for independence have been used to determine whether age influences the following, for academic and administrative staff: 1. accurate knowledge of digital ethics, 2. responsible use of digital tools, 3. trust in UT in using and preserving information for students and academic staff, 4. security issues, and 5. efforts to enhance awareness of keeping pace with the time in the university environment. This work aims to address the issues that have arisen to take specific measures by the responsible authorities to increase knowledge about digital ethics at all levels, actors, and factors, within UT.

Pemantapan Literasi Digital oleh Pendidik dan Peserta Didik dalam Menghadapi Era Society 5.0

Society Era 5.0 is a concept that helps us understand how human civilization has evolved over time. By understanding historical developments in the Society Era, we can have better insight into the changes that occur in society and how we can adapt and develop in an ever-changing era. Digital literacy is very important in everyday life, especially in the current era of society 5.0. We can improve our digital literacy by verifying information sources, maintaining privacy, creating strong password protection, maintaining digital ethics, updating digital knowledge, and sharing validated knowledge. There are nine elements of digital literacy: Social Networking, Transliteracy, Maintaining Privacy, Managing Digital Identity, Creating Content, Organizing and Sharing Content, Reusing/Repurposing Content, Filtering and Selecting Content and Self Broadcasting. Meanwhile, the strategies that must be implemented are: critical thinking, utilizing information technology and understanding digital culture. In the world of education, we must be able to understand the four stages of problem solving, namely: understanding the problem, making a solution plan, carrying out calculations and checking the results again. Keywords: Educators, Digital Literacy, Era Society 5.0.

DIGITAL SKILLS DAN DIGITAL ETHICS : TANTANGAN DALAM PENGUMPULAN, PENGGUNAAN DAN PENYEBARAN DATA PADA GENERASI Z

The speed and efficiency of the internet has made it an indispensable part of society. They can connect directly without leaving their location to people around the world through applications such as e-mail, social media or instant messaging applications. Having digital literacy skills means being able to use technology effectively to find and evaluate information, communicate with others, and create content. Without these skills, individuals can find themselves left behind in a world where so much of our personal and professional lives are conducted online. Generation Z is a generation that contributes quite high in the use of the internet in Indonesia. based on data from IDN Research Institute in collaboration with Populix from generation Z who access the internet in the range of 7-10 hours / day reaches 20.9%. This research will focus on the ability of digital skills and digital ethics in generation Z. Digital skills are skills needed to be able to live a healthy and productive digital life, and contribute to building a digital cultural environment. The emergence of hate speech, fake news, bullying, pornogoraphy, and fraud in the digital world makes it necessary to know the initial ability to use digital devices owned by users, especially generation Z so that these negative impacts can be avoided. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive research method. This research focuses on students who represent generation Z. The factors analysed in this research include their digital skills and digital ethics. The factors analysed in this study include their digital skills and digital ethics. The data collection technique was distributed through a questionnaire. The results were then presented in the form of descriptive statistics to determine the ability of digital skills and digital ethics of Generation Z. The results of the study discuss several indicators such as the duration of accessing the internet, the use of the internet for communication, for social media, searching for information, the ability of digital skills and digital ethics including the ability to connect devices to the internet network, the ability to download applications and files, the ability to search and access data, information and digital content, the ability to check the correctness of digital information, the ability to compare information, the ability to save data, information and content, the response to share screenshots to social media, Ethics when seeing negative comments on personal posts.

지체장애 학생을 위한 메타버스의 교육적 활용에 대한 인식 분석과 사용성 향상 방안

Objectives This study analyzed special teachers and developers' awareness of the use of Metaverse by students with physical disabilities, improved usability, and support measures.
 Methods A special education teacher with at least 3 years of experience using the Metaverse and a developer with 10 years or more of development experience were deliberately sampled and in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 interview participants. Interview data were analyzed using continuous comparative analysis.
 Results 3 core themes and 8 sub-topics for awareness of the educational use of the Metaverse for students with physical disabilities, improvement in usability and support measures were found. The key contents were 1) Metaverse like both sides of the coin, 2) usability of the Metaverse and meaningful participation of students with physical disabilities, and 3) support measures for students with physical disabilities to expand their experiences. According to the research participants, in order to have a meaningful experience in the Metaverse, students with physical disabilities must have positive experiences, multi-sensory interactions must be developed, and the ability to recognize avatars must be considered in order to participate meaningfully. In addition, it was said that a strategy supporting interaction between users needs to be applied. Finally, it was found that the development of contents related to subjects and daily life, the development of health management related services, and digital ethics education must be preceded.
 Conclusions Based on these results, discussions were conducted focusing on the awareness of the educational use of the Metaverse, how to improve the usability of the Metaverse for students with physical disabilities, how to develop the Metaverse, and how to educate digital ethics.

Этико-философские аспекты цифровой танатологии

Modern man’s digital being has changed his attitude towards the most important cultural existentials, including the problem of death, which was sacred in previous eras. The article analyzes the characteristics of digital thanatology and raises the philosophical questions about the modes of digital afterlife. From an ethical and legal point of view, the article draws attention to the need to legally restrict the circulation on the Internet of the content depicting the bodies or parts of the bodies of military personnel killed in combat zones. The article analyzes moral and ethical nuances of new socio-cultural practices: selfies with the dead; streaming from funerals, creation of digital cemeteries and sharing of medical autopsy videos on Internet platforms. The author proposes the inclusuion of “Digital Ethics” course in the university curriculum on Ethics in order to prevent the devaluation of the problem of death under the influence of digitalization.

Digital humanism as a bottom-up ethics

In this paper, we explore a new perspective on digital humanism, emphasizing the centrality of multi-stakeholder dialogues and a bottom-up approach to surfacing stakeholder values. This approach starkly contrasts with existing frameworks, such as the Vienna Manifesto's top-down digital humanism, which hinges on pre-established first principles. Our approach provides a more flexible, inclusive framework that captures a broader spectrum of ethical considerations, particularly those pertinent to the digital realm. We apply our model to two case studies, comparing the insights generated with those derived from a utilitarian perspective and the Vienna Manifesto's approach. The findings underscore the enhanced effectiveness of our approach in revealing additional, often overlooked stakeholder values, not typically encapsulated by traditional top-down methodologies. Furthermore, this paper positions our digital humanism approach as a powerful tool for framing ethics-by-design, by promoting a narrative that empowers and centralizes stakeholders. As a result, it paves the way for more nuanced, comprehensive ethical considerations in the design and implementation of digital technologies, thereby enriching the existing literature on digital ethics and setting a promising agenda for future research.

Evaluation and Empirical Research on Teachers’ Information Literacy in the Context of Smart Education

The development of smart education has led to the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence with education. It is a prerequisite for teachers to have high information literacy for conducting education and teaching work. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 412 teachers in a certain area. The results showed that teachers’ information literacy is above the middle level, and there are significant differences in information literacy between teaching experience and educational background. The evaluation showed that information ethics, information awareness, and information application have a significant positive impact on professional development, and information knowledge and information awareness have a positive predictive effect on information ethics.

The Degree to Which Digital Literacy Is Included in National Curriculum Standards

Standards are the backbone of developing curricula and educational systems, as they precisely define what should be learned. Additionally, the integration of skills in curricula ensures that they are targeted in teaching and learning processes and thus acquired by learners. This study aims to analyze the national curriculum standards to reveal their level of inclusion of digital literacy. The descriptive approach was applied using the content analysis method, with a content analysis card used as the data collection tool. The results show that digital literacy is an essential component of the national standards (with a total percentage of 16%), is integrated seamlessly, and covers new trends in technology education, such as digital ethics and cybersecurity. The results also reveal that digital literacy standards are distributed into four categories, targeted in varying proportions, as follows: Using Digital Devices and Tools (54%), Searching for Information (28%), Ethics, Cybersecurity, and Societal Impact (11%), and Digital Communication and Collaboration (7%). The study recommends exploring the readiness of teachers to meet the requirements of digital literacy standards in terms of confidence, knowledge, and ability. KEYWORDS digital skills, curriculum standards, digital competencies, content analysis, digital citizenship, technology education

MAKNA EMPAT PILAR LITERASI DIGITAL DAN POTENSINYA MENEKAN PEREDARAN HOAX DI RUANG DIGITAL INDONESIA

This study reviews the meaning of digital literacy which is a national program initiated by Ministry of Communications and Informatics (Kominfo). There is so much information content that is easily accessible to the public in the digital space, making the government through Ministry of Communications and Informatics launch a national digital literacy program since 2020. This program takes the form of training in basic digital literacy skills, namely digital skills; digital ethics; digital culture; and digital security. However, since the beginning of its implementation, there have been challenges that have caused the program's achievements to not be optimal. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and literature studies. The results of this study show that people's understanding of the meaning of the four pillars of digital literacy is not yet optimal. Increasing digital literacy outreach and training targeting the right participants can maximize more positive use of digital space

Entropy-Based Trust Management System for Mitigating Malicious Behaviors in Trust Management Systems, Considering Information Ethics Theory

Entropy-Based Trust Management System for Mitigating Malicious Behaviors in Trust Management Systems, Considering Information Ethics Theory

The “Boundary” of Technology, Culture, and Digitalization

Human beings use various techniques to change their mode of production and lifeworld. However, modern technology is becoming increasingly self-oriented and is threatening human subjectivity. The digital revolution, with its unprecedented “surpassing” capability, breaks through various boundaries of human social life and, in reality, increasingly escapes from human control. The digital mode of thinking involves both formality and power. When social beings and humanities become products and commodities, and when “artificial humans” such as electronic humans, robots, intelligent humans, and genetic humans can be mass-produced, “natural humans” seem to disappear. The social organizations, lifestyles, ethics, and legal systems that are composed and created by natural beings can no longer be maintained. If humans have always dreamed of enhancing their potential by integrating technology science with social ethics and humanistic values, the building of digital ethics and digital cultural values then becomes a must. And the basis for all of these is to acknowledge and maintain some basic boundaries. The most important one is the boundary between human nature/self and “non-human”—the boundary between human beings and the external world. If human nature resists digitalization, humans will never be “assimilated” by technology. The survival of human beings and the continuation of civilization require a balance among technology, digitalization, humanity, and ethics to secure human subjectivity over technocracy.

STUDENTS AND FACULTY LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP IN DISTANCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the education landscape and increased the acceptance and adoption of distance educations by both individuals and academic institutions. The rise in e-learning and distance education and the increased access to the Internet and learning technology, it becomes critical that provide positive, safe, legal, and ethical behavioural online. While COVID 19 acerated the use and adoption of online learning, it also highlighted the importance of fostering effective digital citizenship given the level of misinformation and conspiracy theories generated spread on the Internet and social media about the pandemic. In this study, the researcher examined the students and faculty perception of digital citizenship practices in distance learning environments at Al-Quds Open University. The study used a mix method approach with 8 faculty participating in the qualitative interview and 559 students participating in the quantitative survey. The study's findings revealed that while students and teachers were aware of digital citizenship principles, they lacked in-depth understanding and knowledge of topics like digital rights, digital security, and digital ethics. Faculty and students both believed that digital citizenship is vital and required for protecting students' privacy and cultivating ethical technology use. Students and faculty both agreed on the importance of incorporating digital citizenship skills like digital rights, digital security, and digital ethics within e-learning curricula.