Digital Economy In Russia Research Articles

Современные цифровые технологии в управлении экономикой страны: проблемы и перспективы развития (правовые и экономические аспекты)

The paper investigates the main points of view on the prospects of using modern digital technologies in the management of the Russian economy. The present research topic is of particular relevance in the light of the rapid development of these technologies and their application in all spheres of human activity, primarily in the fields of economics and public administration. The paper examines the main points of view regarding the pro-spects of using modern digital technologies in the management of the Russian economy. The authors have developed and justified a system of measures to address the identified problems, including: enshrining in the Russian Constitution digitalization as a promising institution to be used in all aspects of Russian society and state activities; adopting the Federal Law “On the Legal Foundations of Digitalization of the Economy of the Russian Federation and on the Authorized Federal Executive Body in the Coordination of the Processes of De-velopment and Implementation of Modern Digital Technologies on the Territory of the Country”; implementing a system of federal programs aimed at developing comprehensive software in this area, as well as coordinat-ing scientific and practical research on the formation of a unified understanding of the content, perspectives, and stages of implementation of the mentioned technologies, taking into account positive foreign experience; creating a federal coordination center for the implementation of modern digital technologies in economic man-agement at the regional and municipal levels. In conclusion, the range of measures proposed by the authors of the project is aimed at creating a favorable environment for the development of the digital economy in Russia, which could contribute to accelerated growth and development in various sectors.

РОБОТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

Increasing labor productivity at agricultural engineering enterprises in modern conditions is impossible without the use of robots, which should replace human labor in technological operations with dangerous and harmful production processes. (Research purpose) The research purpose is evaluating the use of robotics by enterprises of the agricultural machinery industry in the production. (Materials and methods) Conducted an assessment of the use of robotics tools when visiting enterprises in the agricultural engineering industry. (Results and discussion) It has been established that for a sustainable presence and strengthening of their positions in the market, companies producing agricultural machinery are increasing the volume of research and development work on the designs and production technologies of modern machines. It was noted that an increase in labor productivity in modern conditions is impossible without the use of robots, which are designed to replace human labor at work with harmful and dangerous production factors in procurement, when cleaning blanks, with thermal and physical methods of surface treatment of products made of various materials, when painting, as well as in order to reduce defects. It was determined that the use of robotization tools by enterprises of the agricultural machinery industry does not exceed three percent of the total volume of technological operations performed. Robotics tools are used mainly in welding operations. Loading and unloading, replacement of working tools on numerically controlled machines, as well as many other technological operations remain practically not covered. (Conclusions) The conducted studies have shown that machine-building companies have large reserves for using robotics tools in performing technological operations in order to reduce production costs and increase labor productivity. As measures to support the introduction of robots into production, grants are allocated by the Russian Digital Economy and Skolkovo foundations, preferential loans through the industrial development Fund "Digitalization of Industry".

ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The purpose of the study consists in identifying the main features of financing the digital economy’ development in Russian Federation. Research objectives are: to characterize the tools used to finance the development of the digital economy; to investigate conditions of financing the development of the digital economy in Russia; to find out actual problems that do not allow to increase funding for the development of the digital economy; to suggest possible solutions for funding’ increasing. Were found out negative dynamics in financing the development of the digital economy were revealed (gross domestic costs in 2022 fell to 3,4 percent of GDP, while the national project «Digital Economy» provides for their increase to more than 5 percent of GDP in 2024), associated with the decline in the scale of venture financing, the unavailability of crowdlending financing for many IT projects due to its high cost, the conservative approach of government institutions to financing private IT projects, startups. Are also developed measures to overcome the negative dynamics of gross domestic costs for the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation, to intensify investment activity in the IT sector and to attract necessary resources for IT startups and other high-risk projects that will accelerate the digital transformation of the country and strengthen its national security.

ON THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF FREIGHT SERVICES OF JSC «RUSSIAN RAILWAYS» WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE EAST SIBERIAN RAILWAY

In the current economic environment, in order to develop customer focus and improve the quality of freight transportation planning at JSC Russian Railways, the priority activity is the development of modern freight services to improve the quality of services provided to railway transport customers in order to simplify access to the services of the Russian Railways holding company in the field of freight transportation, customer-oriented approach, organization of freight forwarding services and logistics services on the «one-window» principle. Creating a single information space between participants in rail freight transportation and ensuring monitoring of the fulfillment of contractual obligations for the delivery of goods and carrying out mutual settlements online is one of the primary tasks of the joint-stock company.In a scientific article within the framework of the implementation of the state program «Digital Economy of Russia» at JSC Russian Railways, the author examines the issues of modern development of freight services at JSC Russian Railways to attract new customers and increase the loyalty of existing ones. The digital transformation strategy of JSC Russian Railways is the process of changing the industry’s activities in the digital economy. These changes consist of: searching and implementing innovations, expanding the range of services offered to the market and introducing digital products.

IT-ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ФАКТОР ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В РОССИИ

This review article analyzes the role of IT education in the context of the development of the digital economy in Russia. She discusses the current state of IT education, identifies problems and challenges facing the industry, and suggests strategies for the development of education in the field of information technology. The authors consider examples of successful practices and offer a conclusion on the importance of integrating IT education into general education and higher education systems to ensure the sustainable development of the digital economy.

Dynamic Connectedness between Crypto and Conventional Financial Assets: Novel Findings from Russian Financial Market

In the dynamic landscape of the Russian digital economy and increasing financial openness, crypto assets have emerged as influential players in the financial market. The geopolitical and economic developments after a conflict with Ukraine have presented formidable challenges in the shape of financial and trade sanctions, coupled with the suspension from the SWIFT banking system, has plunged the Russian economy into a precarious situation. The current study delves into the network spillover effects between a prominent crypto asset and various financial assets including equity, exchange rates, crude oil, gold, and commodity futures using daily data from January 01, 2018, to August 31, 2023. The purpose of the study is to provide empirical and theoretical insights into countering the impact of sanctions on Russia, proposing a pragmatic solution for the Russian financial market. The research methodology involves the application of network spillover estimation and value-at-risk analysis. Notably, the findings expose a robust association between crypto and financial assets, where crypto assets play a pivotal role in transmitting risk within the financial landscape. While their impact on other financial assets remains relatively subdued, short-term correlations exhibit volatile fluctuations, often marked by sharp increases in downside risk. Theoretical implications follow the portfolio theory of asset pricing, with extreme risk spillover originating from long-run fluctuations in the crypto market, impacting market sentiment and elevating risk propagation in the Russian financial market. These results carry practical significance for payment and receipt processes, as well as trading activities with foreign countries, presenting essential insights for policymakers and investment decision-makers.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA , THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND RUSSIA

The article compares the levels of development of the digital economy of the Republic of Korea, China and Russia. The subject of the study is the strategies and mechanisms for the development of CE in each of the countries under consideration. The Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China are leading in the digital economy thanks to the development of high technologies and can become an example for activating the construction of the digital economy in Russia, which means implementing the goals of the state Program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation". The conclusions about the role of the digital economy in improving the international competitiveness and well-being of the population of the studied countries are substantiated. Based on the results presented in the article of the study of the dynamics, trends and directions of the development of the digital economy in each of the countries under consideration, the authors formulated recommendations for the development of the digital economy and digital infrastructure in Russia. In the context of knowledge interpreted as aproduction factor of the digital economy, Russia has competitive advantages in the field of education and training, but in the context of market factors of the digital economy, Russia is significantly inferior to the Republic of Korea and China. The authors believe that for the development of the Russian digital economy, it is necessary to modernize the traditional Russian infrastructure and form a digital infrastructure. Federal projects have been developed in the areas of the National Program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", including a project in the field of information infrastructure. The authors of this article recommend adapting the positive experience of Korea and China in order to accelerate the development of the Russian digital economy and develop digital cooperation with the countries of Northeast Asia. According to the authors of the article, this will have a positive impact on the development of the digital economy and digital infrastructure of Russia in order to increase the international competitiveness of our country and the welfare of the Russian people.

Models of Legal Regulation of Digital Rights and Digital Currency Turnover

Currently all countries form or are in process of forming rules of law regulating turnover of new digital objects of rights that are called differently as digital rights, tokens, digital assets, digital currency, and cryptocurrency. The difference in wording does not allow to develop common international approaches to the cross-border turnover of such new objects of rights. States are only looking for ways to regulate relations in the digital economy. To find optimal solutions, a comparative legal research is needed to evaluate models of regulation and find effective ways and means of response to the modern challenges. Aim of the research is to analyze models of legal regulation of the turnover of digital rights and digital currency and offer model of regulation that allow such objects of rights to be fully included in the Russian civil turnover. The following tasks are being solved: choice of jurisdictions and analysis of legal norms that regulate turnover in the field; formulation of regulative models of the turnover of digital rights and digital currency based on legislation, doctrine and law enforcement; study of measures and means of regulation used in various states; analysis of different points of researchers on regulation of relations in the digital economy in Russia and abroad; proposal to the legislator of measures and means of regulation, based on the chosen regulative model of the turnover of digital rights and digital currency. Such methods as comparative legal, formal legal, legal modeling methods were used to compare experience of various jurisdictions and formulate regulative models in need. Also general methods of synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, comparison, analogy, etc. were used. The study showed that the approaches used in the legal regulation in the field differ both in terms of legal norms and in creation of institutions and conditions for functioning digital market. Models of the corresponding legal regulation also differ. States use both prohibitive model of turnover regulation (prohibition of their issuance and turnover), partially prohibitive (restrictions on the turnover of digital rights and digital currency), partially permissive (admission of turnover of digital rights and digital currency, subject to conditions — licensing, regulatory sandboxes, etc.) and permissive model (allowing the turnover of digital rights and digital currency to all market participants, subject to minimum requirements). Terms like cryptocurrency, tokens, crypto assets, digital assets are more popular abroad, while in Russia the concepts of digital rights and digital currency are used to refer to similar legal phenomena. It would be necessary to compare categories under consideration for the possibility of their use in supranational regulation, and cross-border relations, in order to be able to speak with representatives of other jurisdictions in the same language. From the foreign experience, attention of legislator should be drawn to the need and possibility of licensing in relation to participants in the digital market, as well as to the success of regulatory sandboxes in this area, for example in Britain. At the same time, when establishing law enforcement practice in Russia in the field, especially with participation of consumers, experience in US, Britain, Australia as well as the legal regulation of the crypto industry in Japan shall be considered.

Development of Infrastructure to Support the National Technological Initiative: The Case of the Russian Federation

The modern world lives in a digital transformation. Many researchers consider this period to be a new technological paradigm or a digital economy. The widespread digitalisation of production and management processes not only affects the processes of global globalization, but also contributes to the rapid growth of the economy, enhancing living standards. While the global economy identifies some common characteristics of the development of the digital economy, there is no consistent methodological approach. The Russian Federation in the world scores to evaluate the development of the digital economy, in general, is in the group of developing countries. Therefore, at the state level, the digital transformation is recognized as a strategic priority for Russia's developers. Since 2014, the development strategy of Russia has been the National Technology Initiative (NTI), a long-term program to create new markets and lay the groundwork for Russia's technological leadership by 2035. Its first steps served as a foundation for the adoption of the national project “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. This study analyses the implementation of joint government and corporate efforts in this direction. It was revealed that the main NTI operators are both state institutions (state investment bank “Bank VEB”, “Innovation Promotion Fund”), and business partially government-owned communities – Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), Russian Venture Company (RVC). Based on the analysis of NTI roadmaps and events, a model of institutions to support the digital economy in Russia has been built. The conclusion concerns the overall support of the State during the construction of an ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship. At the same time, there is a certain differentiation of the NTI infrastructure, tending towards large subjects of the Russian Federation with a high level of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development - Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The impact of digital transformation on the constitutional and legal foundations of the Russian Federation

The subject. The impact of digital transformation on the foundations of the constitutional system, namely the possibility of its influence on their form, content and implementation system, has been studied in this article. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the formation of the principle of the digital state, which underlies the interaction of society and the state in the conditions of building a digital economy in Russia. Active implementation of this principle was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the factors that can give an obvious and non-obvious impetus to the transformation of the constitutional identity of the foundations of the constitutional system are identified.The main functions of the constitutional principles are to preserve the stability of the foundations of the constitutional system and constitutional identity. We believe that modern legal science needs to comprehend the formation of new principles of interaction between society and public authorities, under the influence of digital technologies.

Пространственные индикаторы цифровой экономики в России и странах Европы

Despite its significant socioeconomic impact, quantitative evaluation of the digital economy faces several obstacles. Spatial aspects of the digital economy and the relationship between digitization and well-being require further study for a full understanding of the socioeconomic impact on regional and local development. In light of this, the authors of the study aim to select socioeconomic indicators for assessing the development of the digital economy in regions of Russia and European countries, using an overlapping set of initial indicators. The study identified criteria for selecting indicators that characterize the geographic distribution of digital economic activity. Selected indicators include concentration of digital business and startups in specific regions, availability of high-speed internet and mobile networks, level of e-commerce activity, population computer skills, and business digitalization. The study also identified issues with the lack of some important indicators for assessing the digital economy at the regional level in Russia. Based on the collected database, a series of maps were created to assess the spatial development of the digital economy in Russia and Europe. Results show significant differences in the development of the digital economy in Russia and Europe, as well as some limitations in the evaluation methodology, such as data availability and differences in the collection of statistical data at regional and national levels. However, the study emphasizes the importance of developing new approaches for assessing the development of the digital economy at the subnational and international levels.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ОПЫТ РОССИИ И США

The world today is undergoing a major information revolution. This period is characterized by a serious increase in the volume of information, which, in turn, is one of the important factors in the development of technology and society as a whole. It is the development of technologies and the improvement of digital communications that have become the basis for the emergence of such a factor in world development as the digital economy. The term "digital economy" itself was first used in 1995 by an American scientist in the United States, while in Russia this term was first used only in 2017 by a Presidential Decree. Almost all countries of the world are trying to follow new trends in the development of the digital economy, but not all of them have time to adapt to changing conditions. The article discusses and analyzes the trends in the development of the digital economy in Russia and the United States of America at the present stage. This is justified by the fact that the phenomenon of digitalization and its improvement has now generated many significant changes in the economic life of people. The replacement of manual labor with artificial intelligence, the emergence of new types of information technology resources and automation are only a small part of the digitalization process. The penetration of digitalization into the economy and the lives of people in different countries occurs in different ways, in particular, it depends on the degree of involvement of the population in the process, on the level of technical equipment and proper education. The United States, one of the leaders in the number of innovation performance ratings it has led for several years, has a great influence on the digital economy. The United States is one example of the successful formation of a new type of economy, while Russia has just begun the transformation of the transition of a market economy to a digital one. A study of the specifics of the digital development of these two countries will allow a better understanding of the essence of digitalization and help to consider its trends today.

The development of e-commerce in China and Brazil: Features and prospects

E-commerce has recently become one of the most dynamically developing forms of international trade, accelerating the digitalization of national economies. In this regard, each country has its own features of the e-commerce development. China and Brazil represent leading emerging economies that strengthen regional leadership in e-commerce, and the PRC is also one of the world leaders in this field. The authors conduct the comparative analysis, which emphasizes patterns and trends in Chinese and Brazilian e-commerce and demonstrates what challenges countries face and which factors impact on the expansion of e-commerce on domestic markets and beyond. The paper identifies the dynamics, main players and product structure of e-commerce, features of mobile and social e-commerce, infrastructural problems and their solutions. That allows to highlight the key determinants and prospects for the expansion of e-commerce in the studied countries. The research pays special attention to revealing the specifics of the cross-border e-commerce between China and Brazil, how Chinese companies enter the Brazilian market through e-commerce, and what steps Brazilian firms are taking in this field. The Chinese and Brazilian experiences in the e-commerce certainly represent an important contribution for Russia, which, under the current conditions, looks for the routes to expand its trade flows. E-commerce could become an additional driver for the development of the Russian economic activity and the improvement of the Russian digital economy.

Legal support for the digital economy in the Russian Federation: legal policy priorities

The paper attempts to analyze the role and importance of law in the development of the digital economy, as well as enforcement and incentive measures. This is a descriptive study, and an overview of the most important normative acts regulating the development of the digital economy in Russia is given. Various aspects of the reverse impact of the digital economy on the law itself are considered. The conclusion is made that many risks and dangers are exaggerated, but there are also real threats to the harmonious development of society, including technocratism, mechanisticism, transhumanism, the destruction of traditional values, the transformation of justice into an algorithm, and information extremism.

Rethinking Russian Digital Economy Development Under Sunctions

Rethinking Russian Digital Economy Development Under Sunctions

Legal Regulation of Cryptocurrency Turnover in Russia

The study attempts to assess the interim results of the digital transformation in Russia and legislative changes that make it possible to include various digital assets in civil circulation. Special attention is paid to the problems of legal regulation of cryptocurrencies. Based on the analysis of a number of international documents, Russian policy documents defining the main trends in the development of digitalization, the significance of digital transformation is revealed, the problems slowing down the processes of the formation of the digital economy in Russia are identified. A review of research by Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the formation of the cryptocurrency market is conducted; the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency trading are outlined. Cryptocurrency trading is a developed system in which trading goals, risk control, honesty and transparency must be present, and the capital market, the underlying asset, the investment plan and successful strategies must be taken into account. The analysis of changes in civil legislation allowed us to come to the conclusion that many important issues related to the use of digital currency and digital assets have remained unresolved. The lack of clarity in legal regulation will naturally lead to problems in law enforcement practice, which in turn will slow down the implementation of the designated goals for creating a competitive digital economy that occupies a leading position in the world and will not allow achieving the goal of forming an information space taking into account the needs of citizens and society in obtaining high-quality and reliable information, the development of information infrastructure. It was also noted that the restriction of cryptocurrency turnover does not correspond to the policy pursued by the FATF and the goals and principles that were outlined in international and regional documents.

International Scientific and Practical Conference <i>Digital International Relations 2022</i>

On April 14-15 the International scientific and practical conference Digital international relations 2022 took place at MGIMO University. The event was organized by MGIMO University in cooperation with Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS under the aegis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Plenary session International Relations in the Context of Digitalization of Public Life was opened with the speeches of the Rector of MGIMO University A. Torkunov, the Minister of Foreign Affairs S. Lavrov, the Minister of Science and Higher Education V. Falkov, the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. Sergeyev, the Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media A. Shoytov, the Director of the Institute for System Programming A. Avetisyan and the President of the Russian association for public relations Ye. Minchenko. Distinguished guests noted the growing role of digital technologies in world politics, public administration, economics, education, and science. There were lots of sessions, panel discussions and round tables, such as Digital public diplomacy: new rules of international politics; Digital transformation of ASEAN and Russia: points of convergence; Legal support for the development of the digital economy in Russia and abroad; Diplomatic and consular service in the era of digitalization of international relations; Digital technologies and new media; Digital youth: what awaits the employer in the 21st century; Data analysis and international processes dynamics; Business models and business processes’ digital transformation; Regional experience of the economy and social sphere digitalization: best practices. The conference was attended by more than 750 professionals from different countries and regions – scientists, researchers and entrepreneurs working in IT, social science, and humanities. This variety helped to hold lively and open discussions on the most relevant and significant topics and to establish interaction between highly qualified specialists who have absolutely different but equally deep understanding of digital technologies.

Features of New Institutions in The Digital Economy

Digital trust and, simultaneously, global distrust became a topical issue in the context of modern trends in the socioeconomic systems development: informatization, internetization, networkization, digitalization. A. Guterres asserts global distrust as one of the four “horsemen of the apocalypse” that threaten all of humanity at the present time. Vulnerability of Russia's positions in the global information and digital space, represented in the predominance of foreign (primarily Western) software and Chinese hardware, cyber-attacks on strategic infrastructure facilities, leaks and the actual vulnerability of personal data of the population (often almost unhindered access for fraudsters to the personal data of residents and non-residents), actualizes the need to strengthen national information security and, therefore, the perspective of the article. A research of digital trust, coupled with artificial intelligence and cyber, information and digital economic security, is conducted based on the methods of institutional-economic, interdisciplinary, empirical generalization, interpretation of new economic institutions and concepts, hypothesizing and scientific approach to the analysis of a new digital socio-economic reality. The research results are, firstly, a confirmed relationship between digital trust and digital economic security; second, digital trust and artificial intelligence; third, digital distrust and institutional traps in the context of artificial intelligence; fourth, the institutional aspects of AI on the example of China. The authorial hypothesis is formulated as the following: are destructive institutions and institutional-economic thinking formed in the context of the economy and society digitalization, the development of a Russian digital economy model with conflicting institutions? The novelty of the study involves clarifying the definitions of the institution of trust, digital global distrust, as well as digital institutional traps, the level of digital trust (for business, the abovementioned is reflected in building a trust system in supply chains, measured in terms of user confidence in information and digital goods, in the protection of personal data, their confidentiality).

Transformation of the medical services market model in the Russian digital economy: Key problems of theoretical understanding

Aim. The presented study aims to describe the current state and trends of digitalization in the Russian medical services market.Tasks. The authors formulate basic concepts; analyze secondary research data and the content of management decisions, the regulatory framework of digitalization in healthcare; identify trends in the digital space of healthcare.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to investigate the digitalization policy in the social sphere and the impact of digitalization on increasing its effectiveness.Results. The digital transformation of healthcare in Russia was initiated by the government, which acts as the main subject of the transformation process. This is mediated by the paternalistic model of social policy, making the results of digitalization dependent on state planning, the development of high-tech industries, and other factors. It is obvious that state targeted programs aimed at the formation of the digital space are not being fully implemented. That said, new opportunities are emerging for the private healthcare sector, which uses the advantages of material and technical support and infrastructure, including digital, as a competitive advantage.Conclusions. Patterns in the formation of the Russian medical services market are not completely clear. Despite the enormous social significance, transformations in healthcare management lack publicity and careful analysis. Digitalization itself is not clearly reflected through quantitative indicators that could indicate its efficiency or inefficiency, fast or slow pace.

Развитие цифровой экономики России в контексте мировых трендов

Development of the digital economy has been defined as one of the national priorities of the Russian Federation, because the level of the digital economy in Russia is somewhat behind the global leaders now, when the widespread use of digital technologies is beyond doubt. To achieve the goals in the field of digitalization facing Russian business and government bodies, a scientific and methodological base is needed to take into account the actual theoretical approaches and concepts of the digital economy based on the analysis of the world experience in digitalization, the achievements of leading countries and the problems of Russia identified by the Russian and world experts. Constructing the base is a topical area of scientific research. Development of digital business transformation are of particular importance, since the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises and the results obtained directly determine a whole range of factors of the development of the national economy and social sphere. Theoretical approaches to the concept of the digital economy are generalized and the prospects for its development in Russia are outlined, taking into account the global trends that must be applied to control digitalization processes at the micro and macro levels. There have been used the statistical data, results of scientific researches of the Russian and foreign authors and organizations. The concepts of the digital economy are considered and the evolutionary relationship of their development is revealed; there has been analyzed the level of digital competitiveness of Russia in the context of factors and sub-factors and taken into account the global trends; the trends in the development of the digital economy in Russia have been identified through SWOT analysis; the conceptual scheme of digital transformation has been illustrated, its main elements and the relationship between them have been established.