Digital Dividend Research Articles

Reaping the digital dividend Sport marketing's move into esports: insights from Germany

This article analyses the role of esports for sponsors and sport clubs in the context of their marketing activities. We start by positioning esports in the domain of sport technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Then, we examine foundations of the esports industry, including an analysis of the most relevant stakeholders in the ecosystem, and outline potential links to digital marketing. We interviewed nine experts, representing distinct sport clubs, sponsors and consulting agencies from Germany, with the aim of generating specific knowledge about characteristics of sponsoring and marketing operations in the gaming industry, including reasons for entry, choosing relevant marketing channels and implementation approaches. Additionally, we examine measures of success, prevailing risks as well as future perspectives of the industry. In writing this paper, we contribute to a better understanding of the nascent field of esports, specifically from a digital marketing perspective. A central contribution of the study is the illustration of esports' value for sport marketers, while shedding light on how digital marketing potential can be leveraged on an operational level. Based on our findings, we present several recommendations for sport marketing managers to jump-start their esports engagement and provide an agenda for future research at the intersection of sport management and digital marketing.

Analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE Networks Co-Existence in the Digital Dividend Band in Nigeria

This paper, present results of the analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE network co-existence in Nigeria. The Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT) used to analyse the co-existence. The findings of the study reveals that the blocking interference is the dominant effect and to ensure that the probability of interference is below the threshold of 5%. It is mandatory to decrease the transmission power of the LTE from 196mw to 25mw. Consequently, the protection ratio for DVB-T2 and LTE should be maintained for a seamless co-existence.

Analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE Networks Co-Existence in the Digital Dividend Band in Nigeria

This paper, present results of the analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE network co-existence in Nigeria. The Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT) used to analyse the co-existence. The findings of the study reveals that the blocking interference is the dominant effect and to ensure that the probability of interference is below the threshold of 5%. It is mandatory to decrease the transmission power of the LTE from 196mw to 25mw. Consequently, the protection ratio for DVB-T2 and LTE should be maintained for a seamless co-existence.

Digital Television Regulation and its Impact on Indonesia towards Society 5.0

The Indonesian government plans to replace all analog television broadcasts with digital television broadcasts. Through digital broadcasting, the public can enjoy television shows with better picture quality and many new services available. The government has actually made regulations relating to digital broadcasting, but the regulations seem to lack a positive response from the public and have been repeatedly sued in court. Until now, the legal basis for the implementation of digital broadcasting in Indonesia is still waiting for the inclusion of the term digitization in regulation at the legal level. The switch to digital broadcasting has left Indonesia unable to enjoy a digital dividend that can be used to provide faster and more extensive broadband internet. This information is important as a form of preparation for entering the era of society 5.0, where access to the internet has an important role to play in the development of science and technological innovation. This study used descriptive qualitative methods to give descr ibe about the urgency of digital broadcasting regulation in Indonesia and its impact on Indonesia related to the preparation of welcoming the era of society 5.0, where technology will get closer to people's lives to solve various social problems.

Regulasi Penyiaran Digital: Dinamika Peran Negara, Peran Swasta, dan Manfaat bagi Rakyat

Digitalization must begin a strong law that is Acts. Based on the records, digital broadcasting regulations using Republic of Indonesia Minister of Communication and Informatics’s regulations could be canceled through lawsuits at Supreme Court and State Administration Court. Broadcast digitalization was begun in 2011 through a digitalization Road Map and till date, the process at House of Representatives has not been completed. 85% of countries in the world have migrated to digital broadcasts. The study aims to describe how changes and various roles in broadcasting digitalization if the revision of the Broadcasting Acts is implemented. The study also aims to find out the impact and benefits of broadcasting digitalization for the public and broadcasting stakeholders compared to present Broadcasting Acts. This study uses participant observation methods and text analysis to categorize the articles of digitalization in the revision draft of the Broadcasting Acts from the House of Representatives Commission I in 2017, accompanied by media coverage analysis. Discourse analysis is used to relate to the problems arised due to broadcast digitalization. The results show that digitalization can provide more channels in the same space than analog broadcasting. Political parties and state institutions will be allowed to have broadcasting institutions. The State through Television Radio of the Republic of Indonesia (RTRI) will become the important player in terrestrial digital broadcasting with a single multiplexer (mux) system, which is considered undemocratic for private television associations. All "television stations" will change and compete to become "content providers" similar to new digital televisions. The government will formulate the mechanisms, socialization, models, roles in digitalizing television broadcasting in a blue print. Digital dividend will be used for the development of internet and telecommunications. The dynamics that occur due to interests’ differences of the state, the private sector and society take part at each stage of broadcasting digitalization regulation. The conclusion of the study illustrates that the use of digital technology in broadcasting through the Acts’ revision could be a solution for both frequency limitation and the efficient use for more diverse broadcasters (diversity of ownership).

A Novel HWRR-SJF Scheduling Algorithm for Optimal Performance Improvement in LTE System

In currently, the revolution in a high-speed broadband network is the requirement and also endless demand for high data rate and mobility. To achieve above requirement, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been established the Long Time Evolution (LTE). LTE has established an improved LTE radio interface named LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and it is a promising technology for providing broadband, mobile Internet access. But, better Quality of Service (QoS) to provide for customers is the main issue in LTE-A. To reduce the above issue, the packets should be utilized by using one of the most significant function of packet scheduling to upgrading system performance via determines the throughput performance. In existing scheme, the user with poor Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) has smaller throughput issue is not focused. In this paper, a Hybrid Weighted Round Robin with Shortest Job First (HWRR-SJF) Scheduling technique is proposed to enhance efficient throughput and fairness in LTE system for stationary and mobile users. In this proposed scheduling, to schedule users according to a different criterion like fairness and CQI. HWRR-SJF Scheduling has been proposed for scheduling of the users and it produces increased throughput for various SNR values simulated alongside Pedestrian and Vehicular moving models. The proposed method also uses a 4G-LTE filter or Digital Dividend (DD) in order to align the incoming signal. The digital dividend is used to remove white spaces, which refer to frequencies assigned to a broadcasting service but not used locally. The proposed model is very effective for users in terms of the performance metrics like packet loss, throughput, packet delay, spectral efficiency, fairness and it has been verified through MATLAB simulations.

A Novel HWRR-SJF Scheduling Algorithm for Optimal Performance Improvement in LTE System

In currently, the revolution in a high-speed broadband network is the requirement and also endless demand for high data rate and mobility. To achieve above requirement, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been established the Long Time Evolution (LTE). LTE has established an improved LTE radio interface named LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and it is a promising technology for providing broadband, mobile Internet access. But, better Quality of Service (QoS) to provide for customers is the main issue in LTE-A. To reduce the above issue, the packets should be utilized by using one of the most significant function of packet scheduling to upgrading system performance via determines the throughput performance. In existing scheme, the user with poor Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) has smaller throughput issue is not focused. In this paper, a Hybrid Weighted Round Robin with Shortest Job First (HWRR-SJF) Scheduling technique is proposed to enhance efficient throughput and fairness in LTE system for stationary and mobile users. In this proposed scheduling, to schedule users according to a different criterion like fairness and CQI. HWRR-SJF Scheduling has been proposed for scheduling of the users and it produces increased throughput for various SNR values simulated alongside Pedestrian and Vehicular moving models. The proposed method also uses a 4G-LTE filter or Digital Dividend (DD) in order to align the incoming signal. The digital dividend is used to remove white spaces, which refer to frequencies assigned to a broadcasting service but not used locally. The proposed model is very effective for users in terms of the performance metrics like packet loss, throughput, packet delay, spectral efficiency, fairness and it has been verified through MATLAB simulations.

Perceptions of Vanuatu seasonal workers on conducting oral health promotion in their community

Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlJd_Mv2ApU
 Introduction: Poor oral health is a significant public health problem in Vanuatu, and in Melanesia more generally. It has a negative impact on overall health and well-being and is linked to heart disease and diabetes. Determinants of health such as poverty, poor diet, geographical remoteness, and limited oral health care are some of the contributing factors of poor oral health in Vanuatu. Vanuatu seasonal workers visit Aotearoa New Zealand annually under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Scheme, for the purposes of fruit processing. Fruit of the Pacific (FOP), a charitable trust, has collaborated with Oral Health at Auckland University of Technology (AUT) to provide oral health care to seasonal workers since 2010. Emerging from these relationships, a community-led initiative was undertaken by returning workers to Vanuatu in collaboration with FOP involving good oral health, especially tooth-brushing.
 Method: In 2016, a small-scale study was undertaken of the perceptions of Vanuatu seasonal workers’ of oral health promotion in their community. An exploratory focus group discussion with seasonal workers and a contextual review of sources was undertaken. This paper discusses oral health in Vanuatu and presents the findings of the study.
 Results/Discussion: The seasonal workers are well aware of the poor oral health of their communities, describing important gains from community-led sharing of oral health messages, including cultural knowledge, empathy, and appropriate forms of communication. They noted that stakeholders and funders are needed on an ongoing basis to support such mechanisms. 
 Conclusion: The study presents and discusses a positive case of Pacific community leaders from migrant diaspora taking action on oral health. This can inform similar actions in Vanuatu, Melanesia, and other Pacific island communities. Further research would be valuable to explore community oral health messaging in Vanuatu and in other settings. Given the potential of the ‘digital dividend’ for greater access to the internet in future, ehealth promotion tools alongside appropriate community programming, might provide a low cost and sustainable model of Pacific oral health promotion.

Don’t touch my megahertz! Planning the Second Digital Dividend in Spain amid the battle between telecoms, OTTs and DTT players

Abstract This article reviews the current European legislation and the Spanish government’s plans for the implementation of the Second Digital Dividend in Spain. Its main objectives are to compare the spectrum optimization process in other European states and to analyse what are the technical, political, economic and social implications of the whole process for the Spanish audio-visual services and for the actors involved in the process.

Coexistence Without Interference: Interference Mitigation on DVB-T Reception Caused by Neutral Systems Operating in the Digital Dividend Band

The migration from analog to digital television (TV) broadcasting has introduced significant improvements in terms of spectral efficiency. As a result, the number of radio channels required to ensure equivalent coverage has been dramatically reduced [1]. This efficiency gain has allowed the release of a valuable portion of spectrum (previously assigned to analog TV broadcasting) in the 790-862-MHz subband (channels 61-69), often called the digital dividend. This 72-MHz slice of the spectrum is now assigned exclusively to international mobile telecommunications (IMT) [2], [3]. Vis á vis the mobile communications markets, the current data dynamics demand more wireless access to cope with the growing user consumption of mobile services.

The governance of spectrum: a possible venue of accountability for global telecommunication

PurposeThe paper aims to explore accountability as a virtue and as a mechanism (Bovens, 2010) of global telecommunication operators in the process of governing spectrum and of broadband development. The two concepts of accountability are juxtaposed with operators’ corporate reporting practices and spectrum licensing procedures of European national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and are analysed accordingly. The paper argues that spectrum licensing within the European Union regulatory context offers possible venues for policy intervention, rendering telecom providers to take an account on their global operations. Corruption is the case study to draw connections to public accountability, with a focus on the information and communication technology global market activity.Design/methodology/approachSpectrum bidding processes of European NRAs were analysed according to published documentation of auctions and to answers of NRAs on specific aspects of their licensing practices. Auctioning cases on 800 MHz band frequencies (790-862 MHz, or the “digital dividend”) were selected in countries where telecoms involved in corruption cases were based or where corrupt practices were revealed. Furthermore, a survey was carried out between 08 March and 03 June 2017 – coordinated by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group among its 28 members – on inquiring about licensing practices of NRAs during spectrum trading with respect to identifying beneficial ownership of bidders to spectrum.FindingsFindings show that European NRAs are in possession of regulatory tools that could enforce telecoms’ public accountability; there are strong arguments on the need for European and national-level policy interventions. Spectrum licensing procedures are offering possible and potential venues of accountability. Further legislative action is necessary to adopt a minimum set of criteria applicable in the licensing process. Harmonised implementation by NRAs should further develop new standards fostering transparency.Originality/valueInformation about the ethical behaviour and corruption of European telecom operators is surprisingly scarce and unsystematic, particularly considering the centrality of those actors in advancing a number of the aims of the historical Millennium Development Goals and the new Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Research into the governance of spectrum as a possible venue of accountability, and the findings shed new light on regulatory aspects of telecommunication in a global perspective.

Did it work? An update on the costs and benefits of the transition to digital TV in Australia

Abstract This article re-evaluates Australia’s transition to digital television. Earlier analysis in this journal, conducted after about a third of the vacated digital dividend spectrum remained unsold following an auction in 2013, found the whole policy had resulted in a net cost to government revenues. After a further auction in 2017 where the remaining spectrum was sold at much higher prices (A$/MHz/pop), this article repeats the evaluation. It finds that digital switchover, now virtually complete, has produced a significant net increase in government revenues. Other conclusions from the original article about the complexity and difficulty of ex ante cost–benefit analysis, the influence of industry structure, and the capacity of government to plan and complete a large spectrum re-farming project, despite contested and shifting ideas about the purpose of the whole project, are confirmed and emphasized.

Extending Affordable Reliable Broadband Internet to Educational Institutions in Edo State

Information Communication Technologies have demonstrated potentials to transform the globe into a cohesive functional global village. This is evident in many instances such as Education, International trade, Manufacturing, Healthcare delivery, etc. where digital technologies have boosted growth, expanded opportunities, and improved service delivery. As interesting as it may sound the digital dividend, that is, the broader development benefits from using such technologies have lagged behind when considering their aggregate impact which is adjudged to fall shorts well as its unevenly distribution especially in developing countries. It is believed that for these technologies to benefit access to education, research and development regardless of location, the remaining digital divide, especially in internet access should be greatly reduced or even eliminated. This paper proposes a point to multipoint controlled internet provisioning model based on WIMAX technology particularly aimed at achieving an even distribution of reliable internet access across tertiary Institutions in Edo state of Nigeria.

Big Data and data science: A critical review of issues for educational research

AbstractBig Data refers to large and disparate volumes of data generated by people, applications and machines. It is gaining increasing attention from a variety of domains, including education. What are the challenges of engaging with Big Data research in education? This paper identifies a wide range of critical issues that researchers need to consider when working with Big Data in education. The issues identified include diversity in the conception and meaning of Big Data in education, ontological, epistemological disparity, technical challenges, ethics and privacy, digital divide and digital dividend, lack of expertise and academic development opportunities to prepare educational researchers to leverage opportunities afforded by Big Data. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness on these issues and initiate a dialogue. The paper was inspired partly by insights drawn from the literature but mostly informed by experience researching into Big Data in education.

Blockchain, The Greater Good, and Human and Civil Rights

AbstractThe central theme of this paper is that the development of a technology that is predicted to have a major impact on the way we transact with each other should be a matter where the needs of society at large are taken into account. Where the technology is one that emerges from the domain of the Internet, inclusivity becomes even more acute in order to avoid widening the already existing gap in reaping the “digital dividend.” With blockchain, the obligation could even be seen as a moral one, as blockchain is said to have the potential to negate the scope for the abuse of trust by states and institutions. This could be a game changer in areas such as public procurement and the conduct of elections where abuse can lead to the denial of essential resources and a concomitant loss of life, or to conflict and mass killings. Blockchain presents an opportunity for the Internet development community to claim a degree of recognition in the human rights realm by aiding civil intervention in areas where military intervention has been deemed inappropriate.

La reconfiguración del sector de radiodifusión: regulación, reglas de negocio y su potencial en la evaluación de las nuevas políticas

The broadcast sector lives a continuous reconfiguration, and television broadcasters must adapt to new technologies in order to keep the leads. The emergence of new platforms over the Internet and the multi-platform services that allow watching any content at any time in mobile devices, reinforce the importance on the development of innovative business models to satisfy customer demands. In this paper the authors will analyze this dynamic market and its strategies for the future from a regulatory and political perspective, as there are key changes in the sectorial regulation that need to be evaluated as they are impacting the status-quo of the actors of this market and the relationships among them. At first, the regulatory framework will be analyzed: this research will include the changes in the European regulations for broadcast telecommunications focusing on the spectrum and the digital dividend. After that, main current business models and strategies will be reviewed. Finally, some conclusions about the future of the sector and the evaluation of the new policies are proposed.

Private Profit and the Digital Dividend

Private Profit and the Digital Dividend

A Reorganization Method for Existing DTT Networks in View of the Second Digital Dividend Implementation: The Greek Example

A Single Frequency Network (SFN) reorganization approach for existing DTT networks is introduced that enables the clearing of the Digital Dividend 2 frequencies (694–790 MHz) of the UHF TV spectrum, taking into account the existing services provided by the broadcasting network operators. The proposed method is optimal in the sense that it maximizes spectrum utilization, taking into account both internal and cross-border frequency incompatibilities, while at the same time it aims to maintain the number of channels available in each SFN despite the loss of part of the frequency band. This can minimize the impact of the Digital Dividend 2 implementation to both the business of the network operators and the TV services available to the viewers. The method proposed implements a Genetic Algorithm based iterative scheme that due to its reduced computational complexity is characterized by short completion time. In order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed technique, it is applied using actual data to a case study of Greece, which is characterized by both difficult terrain in terms of signal propagation, and increased needs of international cross-border coordination.

Sharing Spectrum UE LTE and Air-Traffic Control Radars in 800 MHz Band

The need to ensure LTE network coverage in sparsely populated and rural areas of Europe (ITU Region 1) has led to a massive use of 800 MHz band (band 20) with its good characteristics of radio wave propagation in LTE networks. However, the frequency band of 800 MHz called “digital dividend” in Region 1 is used on a primary basis not only by the terrestrial mobile service but also by air-traffic control radars (ATCR) that can lead to the creation of harmful interferences at the receivers’ input of ATCR. Such scenarios of mutual interferences became possible after granting licenses for LTE-800 frequencies to operators in such countries as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia and other CIS countries, so this problem should be solved by operators at the deployment of LTE-800 networks in airports and areas close to them. So far, for such scenarios the ITU and CEPT have not formulated criteria for interference protection. The proposed protection criteria for receivers of ATCR from user devices’ interferences of LTE-800 networks were tested by experimental studies and can provide a solution to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem in a complex electromagnetic environment of modern airports and cross-order coordination of 800 MHz frequency bands in Region 1.

Coexistence of Digital Terrestrial Television and 4G LTE Mobile Network Utilizing Supplemental Downlink Concept: A Real Case Study

This paper contributes to the studies for long-term evolution (LTE) deployment into the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) broadcasting spectrum (470–790 MHz) utilizing the supplemental downlink (SDL) concept and its coexistence with the digital terrestrial Television (DTT) service. The performed real and practical coexistence scenario studies were based on the modeling and simulation of the LTE and DTT systems in order to assess potential interference between systems and the availability of the spectrum for the LTE SDL services. Simulations were aligned with the scenarios and assumptions agreed to in the European regulation complemented with real case study parameters from Finland: the early adopter of the digital dividend II. The results lead to some conclusions about the LTE SDL-DTT coexistence and indicated availability of the complementary LTE SDL services on the lower UHF spectrum. Flexible use of the UHF band aims to increase the efficiency of spectrum use in delivering fast growing and converging mobile broadband, media, and TV content to meet the changing consumer needs. Simulated scenarios can be utilized by regulation and standardization forums for studying the future of UHF spectrum and LTE broadcasting evolution in mobile communications toward fifth-generation (5G).